Detrimental Effects of Extrinsic Reinforcement on Intrinsic Motivation: A Post Hoc Examination of Reinforcer Assessment Data

This study, a post hoc observational one, attempted to understand how to continue promoting equitable opportunities in career and technical education (CTE) for the state of Mississippi. We explored the enrollment patterns of Mississippi secondary CTE students by career cluster and career pathways associated with STEM careers over the last five years. Additionally, the enrollment patterns were compared to statewide enrollment patterns by gender and ethnicity. Also, we examined the proficiency results of students on the statewide CTE assessment by gender and ethnicity. Our secondary CTE student enrollment results are like previous reports of underrepresentation of nontraditional students in STEM-related career fields. Additionally, similar results were found when looking at the statewide CTE assessment data. However, there is an indication that CTE and non-CTE leaders effectively recruit underrepresented populations to STEM-related career pathways in the state of Mississippi, but more work is needed to allow access to all students.

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Effect of extrinsic reinforcement on “intrinsic” motivation: Separating fact from fiction.

Behavioral interventions in schools: Evidence-based positive strategies (2nd ed.). ◽

10.1037/0000126-007 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 113-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Angeleque Akin-Little ◽

Steven G. Little

Keyword(s):

Intrinsic Motivation ◽

Extrinsic Reinforcement

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AN EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF EXTRINSIC REINFORCERS ON INTRINSICALLY MOTIVATED BEHAVIOR: EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.1980.8.1.27 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 27-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Thomas P. Brennan ◽

John A. Glover

Keyword(s):

Intrinsic Motivation ◽

Extrinsic Motivation ◽

Control Group ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Baseline Phase ◽

Reinforcement Condition ◽

Motivated Behavior ◽

Alternative Means ◽

Motivated Behaviors ◽

Extrinsic Reinforcement

A review of the literature in the area of intrinsic-extrinsic motivation revealed several experimental and theoretical problems. The current study provided a series of three conditions under which intrinsic motivation was tested, a true control, a directions only condition and a directions plus reinforcement condition. Both the directions and the directions plus reinforcement groups were observed to have increased their time on the task during the experimental phases, and when extrinsic reinforcement and directions were removed, the subjects in these two conditions maintained intrinsically motivated behaviors at levels significantly above the levels observed during the baseline phase and significantly higher than the control group. These results were in contrast to those previously reported in the literature. The discussion portion of the paper examined the faulty logic, and understanding of operant theory implicit in the literature in extrinsic-intrinsic motivation, and provided suggestions for alternative means of supplanting operant theory with more effective, workable theories of behavior.

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The Link Between Verbal Short-Term Memory and Anomia Treatment Gains

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/2019_ajslp-18-0176 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 1039-1052

Author(s):

Reva M. Zimmerman ◽

JoAnn P. Silkes ◽

Diane L. Kendall ◽

Irene Minkina

Keyword(s):

Short Term Memory ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Treatment Success ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Language Performance ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Treatment Gains ◽

Post Hoc

Purpose A significant relationship between verbal short-term memory (STM) and language performance in people with aphasia has been found across studies. However, very few studies have examined the predictive value of verbal STM in treatment outcomes. This study aims to determine if verbal STM can be used as a predictor of treatment success. Method Retrospective data from 25 people with aphasia in a larger randomized controlled trial of phonomotor treatment were analyzed. Digit and word spans from immediately pretreatment were run in multiple linear regression models to determine whether they predict magnitude of change from pre- to posttreatment and follow-up naming accuracy. Pretreatment, immediately posttreatment, and 3 months posttreatment digit and word span scores were compared to determine if they changed following a novel treatment approach. Results Verbal STM, as measured by digit and word spans, did not predict magnitude of change in naming accuracy from pre- to posttreatment nor from pretreatment to 3 months posttreatment. Furthermore, digit and word spans did not change from pre- to posttreatment or from pretreatment to 3 months posttreatment in the overall analysis. A post hoc analysis revealed that only the less impaired group showed significant changes in word span scores from pretreatment to 3 months posttreatment. Discussion The results suggest that digit and word spans do not predict treatment gains. In a less severe subsample of participants, digit and word span scores can change following phonomotor treatment; however, the overall results suggest that span scores may not change significantly. The implications of these findings are discussed within the broader purview of theoretical and empirical associations between aphasic language and verbal STM processing.

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