Motivation Differences between Youth Single-Sport, Multi-Sport, and Single-Sport Specialized Athletes in the Western United States

The motivation for youth sport involvement may differ for single-sport (non-specialists), multi-sport, and single-sport specialized athletes. To investigate differences between adolescent single-sport athletes (NSSA), multi-sport athletes (MSA), and single-sport specialized athletes (SSSA) on measures of sport enjoyment and motivation. A secondary aim was to compare these variables between age groups. Adolescent sport participants in 6th, 7th, and 8th grade from the Western United States (n=306, age=13.0±1.0 yrs) completing the Sources of Enjoyment in Youth Sport Questionnaire (SEYSQ) that assesses sport enjoyment in the subscales of self-referenced competency (SRC), other-referenced competency and recognition (ORCR), effort expenditure (EE), competitive excitement (CE), affiliation with peers (AP), and positive parental involvement (PPI). The participants also reported their age, gender, grade, years of sport participation and sport status (NSSA, MSA, SSSA). SSSA reported significantly more enjoyment in all subscales except PPI when compared to NSSA (p<0.05; ES 0.4 – 0.99). MSA and SSSA showed significant differences in the subscales of SRC and EE; however, effect size was small (0.37 and 0.33, respectively). Overall scores for intrinsic and extrinsic motivation were significantly lower among NSSA compared to MSA and SSSA (p<0.01) with no differences between MSA and SSSA (p>0.05). Results revealed no significant differences in the SEYSQ’s subscales for age (p>0.05). Within the parameters of this study, adolescents that specialize in a single sport or those who compete in multiple sport both rely on intrinsic and extrinsic sources of enjoyment for motivation in very similar ways; whereas adolescent NSSA are less motivated and experience less enjoyment from sport participation compared to MSA and SSSA. Keywords: adolescent, enjoyment, SEYSQ, motivation, sport psychology

Facts that Influence College Students’ Reading Motivation

This study investigated American college students’ reading motivation. A total of 1,437 (533 male and 904 female) college students across interdisciplinary areas voluntarily participated in the study by completing a self-reported survey. Two major research questions were addressed in this study. The first question investigated American college students’ reading motivation by the Motivation for Reading Questionnaire (MRQ) variables of self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and social motivation. The second question asked what variables influence American college students’ motivation to read by comparing gender, classification, age, race, language backgrounds, grades in major subjects and minor subjects. Descriptive analysis indicated that the mean scores of the extrinsic motivation scale (3.07) were higher than those of intrinsic motivation (3.05), self-efficacy (3.04) and social motivation (2.35) scales. A multiple linear regression statistical analysis confirmed that gender, age, classification, grade, race, and primary language were significant factors in college students’ motivation to read. Keywords: college students, reading motivation, MRQ

Engagement and desertion in MOOCs: Systematic review

Massive and open online courses (MOOCs) satisfy learning needs from the particularities of their typologies (xMOOC, tMOOC, cMOOC, iMOOC, among others) even though their high dropout rate is still latent. Recent studies reaffirm engagement as an alternative to reduce dropout rates. The literature analyzed has not yet been able to systematize responses as to how to guarantee engagement in MOOCs and thus reduce their attrition rate. And, consistent with that question, are there still challenges for teachers in this area of educational technology? These answers motivated us to carry out this systematic review to determine how engagement has been studied to help reduce the attrition rate in MOOCs. Articles from journals indexed in Scopus or WoS were reviewed applying the PRISMA protocol. At the end of the protocol, it was defined to analyze 40 studies. The results reflect that the main variables are: the design of e-activities, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and communication between students. This paper confirms that the main challenges to guarantee engagement in MOOCs are individualized tutoring, interactivity, and feedback. Due to the scarcity of studies that analyze the variables in an integrated way, it is proposed as future work to determine what relationships exist between these variables that interfere with engagement and dropout in MOOCs. Los cursos en línea masivos y abiertos (MOOCs) permiten satisfacer necesidades de aprendizaje desde las particularidades de sus tipologías (xMOOC, tMOOC, cMOOC, iMOOC, entre otras), sin embargo, es aún latente su alta tasa de deserción. Estudios recientes reafirman el engagement como una alternativa para disminuir los índices de deserción. La literatura analizada aún no logra sistematizar respuestas a ¿cómo garantizar el engagement en los MOOCs y disminuir así su tasa de deserción? Y, en coherencia con esa pregunta, ¿existen aún retos del profesorado en este ámbito de la tecnología educativa? Ello motivó a realizar esta revisión sistemática para determinar cómo se ha trabajado el engagement para contribuir a disminuir la tasa de deserción en los MOOCs. Se revisaron artículos de revistas indexadas en Scopus o en WoS aplicando el protocolo PRISMA. Al finalizar el protocolo se definió analizar 40 estudios. Los resultados reflejan que las principales variables son: el diseño e-actividades; la motivación intrínseca y extrínseca y; la comunicación entre los estudiantes. Se ratifica que los principales retos para garantizar el engagement en los MOOCs son: la tutoría individualizada; la interactividad; y la retroalimentación. Debido a la escasez de estudios que analicen de forma integrada las variables antes mencionadas, se propone como trabajo futuro, determinar qué relaciones existen entre estas variables que intervienen en el engagement y la deserción en los MOOCs.

Motivation in Online Learning

Online learning is accepted as an effective educational learning process that can respond to rapidly and constantly changing learner needs. Increasing the quality of online learning is an important point to be addressed. Within this context, motivation in online learning that affects what learners will learn, how they will learn, and when they will learn is one of the most important components because the motivation of learners has a very important place in terms of achieving desired goals in the learning and teaching process. It is not easy to continuously motivate learners in online learning process over a long period. Creating the motivation of everyone involved in the learning and teaching process is very important in terms of the efficiency and quality of the process. Within the context of a theoretical framework, “motivation,” “motivation process,” “types of motivation,” “internal motivation,” “extrinsic motivation,” “the importance of motivation in education,” and “motivation in online learning” were addressed in the present study.

Purchase Motivation, Experiential Value Related to Continuance Intention to Purchase on China’s Double 11 Shopping Festival

As well as bringing convenience to consumers, online shopping also represents an enormous business opportunity. In online shopping, the Double 11 shopping festival (hereafter Double 11) organized by China’s Alibaba has set records and has continued to grow rapidly for the last 10 years. To understand this phenomenon, this study adapted self-determination theory to explore customers’ motivation and perceived values with respect to Double 11. This study focused on people who live in China who shopped during the China Double 11 Carnival Shopping Festival in 2018. A total of 399 validated data were collected and then confirmatory factor analysis with structural equation model was conducted. The results of the study show that purchase amotivation is not significantly related to, but extrinsic purchasing motivation is positively related to hedonic value and social value. Moreover, continuance intention to purchase can be positively predicted by hedonic value and social value. With a better understanding of these results, managers operating electronic businesses can use certain approaches to increase customers’ extrinsic motivation and enhance their experiential values to promote their continuance intention to purchase goods on a particular day, for example, by creating more shopping festivals.

Gamification or How to Make a “Green” Behavior Become a Habit

One of the main challenges faced by tourist destinations is waste management. A poor waste collection and management policy is an additional factor affecting the tourist destination's sustainability within this general problem. These situations are trying to be solved with incentives derived from gamification tools that motivate people to recycle. This study, within the scope of a European project called UrbanWaste, found significant results that suggested that this tool can promote recycling behavior, but what happens when customers come back home? Gamification even makes a habit take root in the people who use it by activating external motivators. This recycling habit emanates from an altruistic feeling and aims to leave a better world for future generations (intrinsic motivation). However, they also recommend the app to show a benevolent image by making the behavior visible (internalized extrinsic motivation) and improving destination branding.

Implementasi Strategi Kreatif dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Minat Baca Anak Usia Dini Dalam Lingkungan Kekuarga

The purpose of writing this scientific study is to find out: (1) the association of early childhood reading interests with family literacy, (2) motivation that affects early childhood in increasing reading interest, (3) Aspects in the family environment that may affect reading interest in early childhood. This research uses literature review methods in the collection of its data, where there are several steps taken in the preparation of this study. The first step is selecting the topic of discussion, namely identifying and focusing on the topic to be written, then searching for literature sources through various sources, and writing studies. The result of this study is that there is a link between children's reading interest and family literacy and things that families must do in an effort to increase reading interest in early childhood. Several types of motivation both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation play a role in reading interest in early childhood, as well as several aspects in the family environment that affect reading interest in children at an early age.Keywords: interest reading, motivation, family role, childhood.

Motivasi Peserta Pelatihan Instruktur Senam Aerobik Level 2 Di LKP Griya Dina Kabupaten Demak Jawa Tengah

This research was motivated by the researcher's anxiety about the motivation of the training participants of level 2 aerobics instructor training which was caused by the researcher's doubts about the motivation of the participants of the level 2 aerobic exercise instructor training at LKP Griya Dina, Demak Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation of the training participants of level 2 aerobics instructor at LKP Griya Dina, Demak Regency. The researcher used a descriptive qualitative approach. The research location is LKP Griya Dina, Demak Regency. The informants in this study were the Chairperson, Administrators, LKP Griya Dina instructor trainers, and training participants for level 2 aerobics instructors. Data collection techniques in this study used several techniques, namely observation, interviews, and documentation. The data validity technique in this research is data triangulation. The analysis was carried out using a descriptive analysis model. The purpose of this study was to determine the intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation of the training participants of level 2 aerobics instructor at LKP Griya Dina, Demak Regency. The results showed that the trainees had an internal drive or intrinsic motivation as well as an external drive or extrinsic motivation that encouraged participants to attend level 2 aerobic exercise instructor training at LKP Griya Dina, Demak Regency. Regarding the participants' interest in becoming an aerobics instructor in Demak Regency, the researchers received an answer from the results of interviews with training participants that the trainees were also interested in becoming an aerobics instructor in Demak Regency.

Korelasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe TGT dan Motivasi Belajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen

The problem in this study is the lack of student motivation in following Christian Religious Education subjects. For this reason, the purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the effect of the cooperative learning model of the team games tournamnet type on the motivation to learn Christian Religious Education in seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Simbuang Tana Toraja. The author uses the method of distributing questionnaires to 20 students in the form of open statements and open interviews to 10 students. The purpose of conducting interviews is to strengthen the results of the questionnaires distributed and direct observations. From the correlation results of data analysis using SPSS, it shows that the team games tournament type cooperative learning model has an effect on students' intrinsic motivation with a significant result, namely 0.671 which is in a strong/high relationship, while the Teams Games Tournament on extrinsic motivation gets a significant result, namely 0.479 which is at moderate/moderate relationship. Students' learning motivation increases both intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Thus, it can be concluded that the team games tournament type cooperative learning model has an effect on students' learning motivation. AbstrakPermasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah kurangnya motivasi belajar siswa dalam mengikuti mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen. Untuk itu, tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejauhmana pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe teams games tournamnet terhadap motivasi belajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Simbuang Tana Toraja. Penulis menggunakan metode pembagian angket kepada 20 siswa dalam bentuk pernyataan yang bersifat terbuka dan wawancara terbuka kepada 10 siswa, Tujuan dilakukan wawancara untuk memperkuat hasil dari angket yang dibagikan dan observasi yang dilakukan secara langsung. Dari Hasil korelasi analisa data menggunakan SPSS menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Teams Games Tournament berpengaruh terhadap motivasi intrinsik siswa dengan hasil signifikan yaitu 0,671 yang berada pada hubungan kuat/tinggi, sedangkan Teams Games Tournament terhadap motivasi ekstrinsik mendapatkan hasil yang signifikan yaitu 0,479 yang berada pada hubungan cukup/sedang. Motivasi belajar siswa meningkat baik motivasi intrinsik maupun motivasi ekstrinsik. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Teams Games Tournament berpengaruh terhadap motivasi belajar siswa.

Hubungan Motivasi Belajar Ekstrinsik dan Disiplin Belajar dengan Hasil Belajar Matematika Peserta Didik di Sekolah Dasar

The problem with this study is low mathematics learning outcomes of students. This study aimed to determine a relationship between learning extrinsic motivation and mathematics learning outcomes, relationship between learning discipline and mathematics learning outcomes, and relationshiop between learning extrinsic motivation and learning discipline to mathematics learning outcomes of students. This type of research is quantitative by an ex-postfacto correlation research method. The population in this study is 55 students. Sample retrieval techniques used a total sampling. Data collection techniques was used in the form of questionnaires and documentation. Data analysis techniques using statistical tests of multiple correlation. Research shows that there is a significant reationship between learning extrinsic motivation and learning discipline with the mathematics learning outcomes of students grade V with a coefficient correlation of 0,501 positive with “moderate” criteria.