Supplemental Material for Warm Hands, Warm Hearts: An Investigation of Physical Warmth as a Prepared Safety Stimulus

Emotion ◽  
2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Warmth

Does Physical Warmth Prime Social Warmth?

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-210
Author(s):  
John A. Bargh ◽  
David Melnikoff
Keyword(s):  
Physical Warmth

No Evidence that Experiencing Physical Warmth Promotes Interpersonal Warmth: Two Failures to Replicate Williams and Bargh (2008)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Chabris ◽  
Patrick Ryan Heck ◽  
Jaclyn Mandart ◽  
Daniel Jacob Benjamin ◽  
Daniel J. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Physical Warmth ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Interpersonal Warmth

Williams and Bargh (2008) reported that holding a hot cup of coffee caused participants to judge a person’s personality as warmer, and that holding a therapeutic heat pad caused participants to choose rewards for other people rather than for themselves. These experiments featured large effects (r = .28 and .31), small sample sizes (41 and 53 participants), and barely statistically significant results. We attempted to replicate both experiments in field settings with more than triple the sample sizes (128 and 177) and double-blind procedures, but found near-zero effects (r = –.03 and .02). In both cases, Bayesian analyses suggest there is substantially more evidence for the null hypothesis of no effect than for the original physical warmth priming hypothesis.

Physical Warmth Attenuates Ethnocentric Bias under Mortality Salience: An Embodied Terror Management Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armand Chatard ◽  
Margaux Renoux ◽  
Jean Monéger ◽  
Leila Selimbegovic
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Salience ◽  
Terror Management ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Defensive Reaction ◽  
Worldview Defense ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Physical Warmth ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
First Time

Research indicates that individuals often deal with mortality salience by affirming beliefs in national or cultural superiority (worldview defense). Because worldview defense may be associated with negative consequences (discrimination), it is important to identify alternative means to deal with death-related thoughts. In line with an embodied terror management perspective, we evaluate for the first time the role of physical warmth in reducing defensive reaction to mortality salience. We predicted that, like social affiliation (social warmth), physical warmth could reduce worldview defense when mortality is salient. In this exploratory (preregistered) study, 202 French participants were primed with death-related thoughts, or an aversive control topic, in a heated room or a non-heated room. The main outcome was worldview defense (ethnocentric bias). We found no main effect of mortality salience on worldview defense. However, physical warmth reduced worldview defense when mortality was salient. Implications for an embodied terror management perspective are discussed.

Warm hands, warm hearts: An investigation of physical warmth as a prepared safety stimulus.

Emotion ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica A. Hornstein ◽  
Michael S. Fanselow ◽  
Naomi I. Eisenberger
Keyword(s):  
Physical Warmth

scholarly journals Experiencing physical warmth affects implicit attitudes and altruistic behavior toward outgroup in females

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeru Miyajima ◽  
Xianwei Meng
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Attitudes ◽  
Altruistic Behavior ◽  
Physical Warmth

scholarly journals Physical Warmth and Perceptual Focus: A Replication of IJzerman and Semin (2009)

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke D. Schilder ◽  
Hans IJzerman ◽  
Jaap J. A. Denissen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Warmth

Caring for Sharing

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans IJzerman ◽  
Johan C. Karremans ◽  
Lotte Thomsen ◽  
Thomas W. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
Grounded Cognition ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Secure Attachment ◽  
Physical Warmth ◽  
Set Up

Does physical warmth lead to caring and sharing? Research suggests that it does; physically warm versus cold conditions induce prosocial behaviors and cognitions. Importantly, previous research has not traced the developmental origins of the association between physical warmth and affection. The association between physical warmth and sharing may be captured in specific cognitive models of close social relations, often referred to as attachment styles. In line with this notion, and using a dictator game set-up, the current study demonstrates that children who relate to their friends with a secure attachment style are more generous toward their peers in warm than in cold conditions. This effect was absent for children who relate to friends with an insecure attachment style. Notably, however, these children not just always shared less: They allocated more stickers to a friend than to a stranger. These findings provide an important first step to understand how fundamental embodied relations develop early in life. We discuss broader implications for grounded cognition and person perception.

No Evidence That Experiencing Physical Warmth Promotes Interpersonal Warmth

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher F. Chabris ◽  
Patrick R. Heck ◽  
Jaclyn Mandart ◽  
Daniel J. Benjamin ◽  
Daniel J. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Physical Warmth ◽  
Small Sample Sizes ◽  
Interpersonal Warmth

Abstract. Williams and Bargh (2008) reported that holding a hot cup of coffee caused participants to judge a person’s personality as warmer and that holding a therapeutic heat pad caused participants to choose rewards for other people rather than for themselves. These experiments featured large effects ( r = .28 and .31), small sample sizes (41 and 53 participants), and barely statistically significant results. We attempted to replicate both experiments in field settings with more than triple the sample sizes (128 and 177) and double-blind procedures, but found near-zero effects ( r = −.03 and .02). In both cases, Bayesian analyses suggest there is substantially more evidence for the null hypothesis of no effect than for the original physical warmth priming hypothesis.

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