Presentation rate and instructions to guess in free recall.

1969 ◽  
Vol 79 (2, Pt.1) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Keppel ◽  
William A. Mallory
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Presentation Rate

Effect of Recall Condition, Presentation Rate and Retention Interval on Short-Term Memory

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 877-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas L. Rohrman ◽  
John C. Jahnke
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Retention Interval ◽  
University Students ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Recall Condition ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Order Information ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

A total of 300 university students were presented a brief list of non-alphanumeric items and instructed to recall immediately either the items (free recall, FR), the order in which the items were presented (order recall, OR), or both (serial recall, SR). Presentation rate and retention interval were additional experimental variables in Exp. I and II, respectively. In both experiments significant differences in recall were found between FR conditions and the remaining two, which did not differ from each other. More items were recalled at the slow than fas: rate. Retention interval was not a significant variable. Results suggest that retention will improve when order information is eliminated from recall (Brown, 1958), that the recall of item and order information involve at least partially independent memory processes, and that, while the recall of items may proceed independently of the recall of their order, the converse is not true.

Primacy and Recency Effects in Immediate Free Recall of Sequences of Spatial Positions

2007 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Bonanni ◽  
Patrizio Pasqualetti ◽  
Carlo Caltagirone ◽  
Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Serial Position ◽  
Serial Position Curve ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Recency Effect ◽  
Primacy Effect ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
Recency Effects ◽  
Task Requirement ◽  
Recall Paradigm

This study evaluated the serial position curve based on free recall of spatial position sequences. To evaluate the memory processes underlying spatial recall, some manipulations were introduced by varying the length of spatial sequences (Exp. 1) and modifying the presentation rate of individual positions (Exp. 2). A primacy effect emerged for all sequence lengths, while a recency effect was evident only in the longer sequences. Moreover, slowing the presentation rate increased the magnitude of the primacy effect and abolished the recency effect. The main novelty of the present results is represented by the finding that better recall of early items in a sequence of spatial positions does not depend on the task requirement of an ordered recall but it can also be observed in a free recall paradigm.

Age, Organization, and Memory: Effects of Presentation Rate and Rehearsal Strategy

1985 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Jackson ◽  
Henry G. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Organizational Strategies ◽  
Free Recall Task ◽  
Strategy Analysis ◽  
Memory Functioning ◽  
Rehearsal Strategy ◽  
Item List

The relationship between free recall and organization was investigated using a 2(age) × 2(presentation rate) × 2(rehearsal strategy) analysis-of-variance design. A multitrial free-recall task was used with a 16-item list of unrelated words. Young and old adults practiced these materials overtly using either spontaneous (natural) rehearsal or a strategy increasing active rehearsal. Both increased rehearsal activity and increased study time were expected to improve senior adults' memory functioning. Analyses of rehearsal and recall measures indicated that elderly individuals had a general decrement in verbal memory. The role played by organizational strategies appears important only for young adults. For the elderly, both independent variables led to more enriched rehearsal activity and slightly greater subjective organization. No improvement in recall emerged, and large differences associated with age persisted. These findings suggest that organizational deficits do not account for differences in memory as a function of age.

scholarly journals Presentation-rate effects and age differences in children’s free recall

1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Hall ◽  
Margaret B. Tinzmann
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Rate Effects

Children's Free Recall and Clustering Related to List-Task Organization, Instruction to Learn and Presentation Rate

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1139-1148
Author(s):  
Claire B. Ernhart ◽  
Sybil B. Licht ◽  
Annette Kowalski ◽  
Lynne S. Carman
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Incidental Learning ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Intentional Learning ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
Slow Presentation ◽  
Clustering Data ◽  
And Task

Free recall of 144 fifth grade children given a handwriting orienting task was improved by instruction to learn as opposed to incidental instruction and by slower presentation rate. Active taxonomic categorization surpassed passive writing of the same clustering list, which, in turn, surpassed writing of a nonclusterable list. Interactions were not significant although increased time tended to facilitate intentional more than incidental learning. In Exp. 2 using 72 children in Grades 3 and 6, the categorizing task was superior to blocked presentation, which, in turn, surpassed random presentation of the clusterable list. Clustering data did not parallel recall data, being influenced by list organization rather than by categorization. Clustering increased under slow presentation for incidental but not for intentional learning. The over-all results indicate that school-age children can improve learning under instruction and can benefit from changes in list and task, but that their own organization (clustering) is fortuitous to recall.

scholarly journals Rapid Presentation Rate Negatively Impacts the Contiguity Effect in Free Recall

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Toro-Serey ◽  
Ian Marcus Marcus Bright ◽  
Brad Wyble ◽  
Marc Howard
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Presentation Rate ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Free Recall Task ◽  
Temporal Binding ◽  
Temporal Encoding ◽  
Episodic Memories ◽  
Rapid Presentation

It is well-known that in free recall participants tend to recall words presented close together in time in sequence, reflecting a form of temporal binding in memory. This contiguity effect is robust, having been observed across many different experimental manipulations. In order to explore a potential boundary on the contiguity effect, participants performed a free recall task in which items were presented at rates ranging from 2 Hz to 8 Hz. Participants were still able to recall items even at the fastest presentation rate, though accuracy decreased. Importantly, the contiguity effect flattened as presentation rates increased. These findings illuminate possible constraints on the temporal encoding of episodic memories.

Die Entwicklung des strategischen Gedächtnisses im Laufe der Grundschulzeit

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hünnerkopf ◽  
Veronika Kron-Sperl ◽  
Wolfgang Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Serial Learning

Zusammenfassung. Es werden Ergebnisse der Würzburger Längsschnittstudie dargestellt, in der der Entwicklungsverlauf des strategischen Gedächtnisses vom letzten Kindergartenjahr bis zum Ende der vierten Klasse in halbjährigem Abstand untersucht wurde. Für eine Stichprobe von ca. 100 Kindern konnte das in der Münchner LOGIK-Studie gefundene Muster des sprunghaften Strategieerwerbs für die Sortierstrategie bestätigt werden, während sich bei der Wiederholungsstrategie kein bedeutsamer Unterschied in der Art des Strategieerwerbs zeigte. Der kombinierte Gebrauch von Sortier- und Wiederholungsstrategie brachte Vorteile bei der Abrufleistung der Sort-Recall-Aufgabe, nicht aber der Serial Learning-Free-Recall-Aufgabe. Für zukünftige Forschungsarbeiten wird der Einsatz einer Aufgabe zur Untersuchung der Strategieentwicklung empfohlen.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document