Penn Line Orientation Test--Abbreviated

Sleep deprivation impairs a variety of cognitive abilities including vigilance, attention, and executive function. Although sleep loss has been shown to impair tasks requiring visual attention and spatial perception, it is not clear whether these deficits are exclusively a function of reduced attention and vigilance or if there are also alterations in visuospatial perception. Visuospatial perception and sustained vigilance performance were therefore examined in 54 healthy volunteers at rested baseline and again after one night of sleep deprivation using the Judgment of Line Orientation Test and a computerized test of psychomotor vigilance. Whereas psychomotor vigilance declined significantly from baseline to sleep-deprived testing, scores on the Judgment of Line Orientation did not change significantly. Results suggest that documented performance deficits associated with sleep loss are unlikely to be the result of dysfunction within systems of the brain responsible for simple visuospatial perception and processing of line angles.

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Directional Bias in Line Orientation Test Errors in Parkinson’s Disease

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acaa020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 683-691 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Patrick Riordan ◽

Sandra L Kletzel ◽

Genessa Lahr ◽

Jamie Walter ◽

Randi Wilson

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Error Rates ◽

Line Orientation ◽

Group Status ◽

Directional Bias ◽

Test Errors ◽

Orientation Test

Abstract Objective Value in evaluating error subtypes on visuospatial line orientation tests has been reported. Directional bias metrics for line orientation test errors represent easily quantifiable data that have not previously been studied. We evaluated whether patients with a clinical condition known to affect visuospatial functioning (Parkinson’s disease [PD]) exhibited unique directional error patterns on the RBANS Line Orientation test relative to other neuropsychology-referred patients. Method We compared overall directional bias in errors, directional bias by line location (left or right line and visual field), and absolute error rates (regardless of direction) by line location in a retrospective sample of patients with PD and a sample of neuropsychology-referred patients without PD. Groups were roughly matched on age, education, gender, and overall level of cognitive impairment. Results Patients with PD exhibited higher rates of leftward bias in errors, both overall and for the left stimulus line in each pair. Directional bias error scores better predicted PD versus non-PD group status than RBANS Line Orientation raw scores. Classification accuracy data for these variables were modest in the entire sample but stronger in a subsample of patients with mild levels of overall cognitive impairment. Conclusions Directional bias metrics for line orientation tests represent easily quantifiable data with potential theoretical and clinical value. In our sample, patients with PD made more left-biased line orientation errors than other neuropsychology-referred patients. By themselves, directional bias scores may have limited diagnostic potential, but they may be useful in diagnostic classification models and may have implications for clinical care.

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Cognitive functions in acute unilateral vestibular loss

Journal of Neurology ◽

10.1007/s00415-020-09829-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 267 (S1) ◽

pp. 153-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dilara Aktert Ayar ◽

Emre Kumral ◽

Nese Celebisoy

Keyword(s):

Verbal Memory ◽

Digit Span ◽

Line Orientation ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Vestibular Loss ◽

Canal Paresis ◽

Complex Figure ◽

Visuospatial Functions ◽

Figure Test ◽

Orientation Test

AbstractCognitive deficits mainly involving visuospatial functions have been defined in patients with bilateral and even unilateral vestibular loss (UVL). We compared the cognitive test results of 21 patients with acute UVL with age- and education-matched healthy controls. The diagnosis of UVL was based on the clinical findings, a normal magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted sequence and canal paresis on the affected side on caloric testing. Cognitive tests assessing visuospatial functions (Benton’s Judgment of Line Orientation test, Verbal and non-verbal Cancellation tests, Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure test) and global mental status, verbal memory, learning, retention of information, and recalling (Mini Mental State Examination, Oktem Verbal Memory Process Test, Forward and Backward Digit span) were used in addition to Beck depression and Anxiety inventories. Abnormalities in verbal and non-verbal cancellation tests (p < 0.005), Benton’s Judgment of Line Orientation test (p = 0.042) and backward digit span (p = 0.029) was found. A very prominent difference regarding Beck depression (p = 0.012) and anxiety inventories (p < 0.001) was present. On multiple regression analysis, the abovementioned cognitive tests’ results lost their statistical significance (p > 0.05) when depression and anxiety scores were taken into consideration. The severity of canal paresis was found to be correlated with Benton’s Judgment of Line Orientation test (p = 0.008, r = − 0.5639) and Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure test copying scores (p = 0.029, r = − 0.477). Comparison of all the results in right- and left-sided lesions did not reveal a significant difference (p > 0.05). Vestibular patients are prone to develop anxiety, and depression. Deficits in visuospatial functions, mental manipulation, psychomotor speed and short-term memory detected in our patients with acute UVL seem to be enhanced by accompanying anxiety and depression. The extent of vestibular dysfunction was correlated with the severity of deficits in visuospatial skills. Lesion side did not cause alterations in cognitive or emotional status.

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Differences in Visuospatial Judgement in Reading-Disabled and Normal Children

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1996.82.1.155 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 155-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

G. F. Eden ◽

J. F. Stein ◽

H. M. Wood ◽

F. B. Wood

Keyword(s):

Reading Disability ◽

Poor Performance ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Line Orientation ◽

Poor Readers ◽

Common Mechanism ◽

Disabled Children ◽

Normal Children ◽

Orientation Test ◽

Reading Disabled

Both visual and verbal impairments have been reported in two independent streams of research into the etiology of dyslexia or reading-disability. To address the question of the presence of either abnormality in reading-disabled children, visuospatial and phonological ability were assessed and contrasted in 39 Normal and 26 Reading-disabled children. To assess whether these deficits are unique to dyslexia, scores were also compared to those of a group of 12 Poor Readers (“garden-variety” backward readers with low IQs). The Benton Judgement of Line Orientation Test was used for its simplicity and clinical reliability: Reading-disabled subjects performed significantly worse than Normal readers (but similar to Poor Readers). Reading-disabled subjects performed worse for lines in the left-hemifield compared to Normal subjects and also had a greater tendency to scan the task in reverse order (left-to-right) from the usual right-to-left scanning pattern observed in the Normal group when performing this test. When both verbal and visuospatial variables were combined in a multiple regression analysis, 71% of reading variance could be accounted for. These results suggest that Reading-disabled children not only have poor phonological awareness, but they also show visuospatial deficits. However, poor performance on both these tasks was also observed in the group of Poor Readers, suggesting that these deficits are not unique to children with specific reading disability. The results lend further evidence to the hypothesis that reading disability cannot solely be attributed to left-hemisphere dysfunction resulting in phonological impairment. There are other behavioral deficits, possibly caused by a common mechanism, some of which, like visuospatial ability, can be measured by simple behavioral tests such as the Judgement of Line Orientation Test.

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