Psicologia positiva na universidade: um estudo correlacional

Ao entrar no Ensino Superior, o estudante se depara com muitas dificuldades que podem levá-lo a desistir do curso. Pouco se estuda sobre o que faz com que os estudantes permaneçam na universidade apesar dos obstáculos que encontram durante a graduação. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo correlacionar o otimismo, a satisfação com a vida, os afetos positivos e negativos e a resiliência acadêmica de universitários que estão na metade final de cursos de graduação. Ao todo 458 estudantes participaram da pesquisa. Foram aplicados questionários em três Instituições de Ensino Superior brasileiras, sendo um questionário sociodemográfico, Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), Escala de Resiliência Acadêmica (ERA), Escala de Satisfação com a Vida (SWLS) e Escala de Afetos Positivos e Negativos (PANAS). Foram encontradas correlações significativas entre as variáveis estudadas, sendo que há uma correlação positiva entre o otimismo e a satisfação com a vida, os afetos positivos, a resiliência acadêmica e as subescalas da resiliência acadêmica perseverança e reflexão e busca de ajuda; e negativas entre os afetos negativos e a subescala da resiliência acadêmica respostas afetivas e emocionais negativas. Esses são dados de grande importância pois mostram que quando o estudante apresenta algum desses aspectos positivos analisados, pode ter outros também positivos, o auxiliando em sua vida universitária. Mais estudos sobre a temática precisam ser realizados para compreender quais variáveis podem estar relacionadas aos estudantes se manter na universidade. Assim, será possível pensar em políticas públicas e programas de intervenção para a manutenção do acadêmico na graduação.

Value and Life Meaning Aspects of the Moral Component of Spiritual Capacities: The Relationship in Russian Students Sample

The article is devoted to the axiological (value-meaning) sphere of Russian students. The author analyzes the definitions and concepts of values and meanings of life in domestic and foreign psychology, pointing out that many researchers note a close relationship between these constructs. The value-meaning aspects of the personality are considered in the context of the study of spiritual capacities, i.e., their moral component. Among the subcomponents of the moral component of spiritual capacities, three blocks are identified: (1) motivational-axiological - value-meaning (spiritual and moral qualities, striving for meaning); (2) affective-motivational - selfless love (spiritual altruistic orientation, empathy); and (3) cognitive-affective - conscience. This work is focused on the motivational-axiological block. The purpose of the study is to identify whether the value-meaning sphere, considered as part of the moral component of spiritual capacities, is balanced in modern student youth, which implies the consistency of the functioning of the spiritual and moral qualities (reflecting an orientation towards higher values), and the aspiration for meaning. The research objectives are to reveal the connections between the spiritual and moral qualities and the components of the value-meaning sphere (life-meaning orientations, value Spiritual satisfaction) among students; to establish the level of manifestation of these qualities in the studied sample; and to determine the differences in all the considered indicators between the male and female respondents. The sample was made up of 196 students (males = 73%; females = 27%; М = 19.76; SD = 1.556). The following inventories were used: The Spiritual Personality Inventory (SPI) by A. Husain, M. Anas (adapted by G.V. Ozhiganova); The Life Meaning Orientation Test (LMOT) by D.A. Leontiev; the scale of Spiritual satisfaction of the Axiological Orientation of a Personality 4.5 (AOP4.5) test by A.V. Kaptsov. The results of the study confirmed the hypothesis: on the sample of students, a significant positive relationship was established between the spiritual and moral qualities, reflecting the orientation of a person towards higher values, with aspirations for meaning and spiritual satisfaction. Gender differences were revealed only on the scale of Spiritual satisfaction - it was higher in girls. In the student sample, an average level of manifestation of spiritual and moral qualities was established.

Engagement y optimismo en un grupo de trabajadores colombianos: análisis de algunos predictores

Introducción: El engagement y el optimismo aportan a la salud mental, por tanto, es importante avanzar en la investigación de estos fenómenos psicológicos poco estudiados en Colombia. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre el engagement y el optimismo en un grupo de trabajadores colombianos, e identificar el papel predictivo de la edad y la antigüedad en la organización en el engagement y el optimismo. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizó una estrategia asociativa donde participaron 298 trabajadores (M=124-H=174) de una organización del sector telecomunicaciones. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-17 y el Life Orientation Test. Las hipótesis se probaron mediante correlación de Pearson, análisis de varianza y modelo de regresión lineal múltiple de pasos sucesivos. Resultados: Las dimensiones del engagement se correlacionaron con el optimismo vigor (r=0,42, p<0,01), dedicación (r=0,26, p<0,01) y absorción (r=0,20, p<0,01)). Conjuntamente, se encontraron diferencias en la dedicación en función de la edad (p=0,01) y la antigüedad (p=0,04). Los modelos predictivos reportaron asociaciones entre edad y vigor (β=0,25, t=4,2, p<0,000), dedicación (β=0,202, t=3,38, p<0,001) y absorción (β=0,145, t=2,4, p<0,017). Conclusiones: Existe una relación positiva entre engagement y optimismo. En este estudio la edad es un predictor del engagement, pero no del optimismo.

Psychometric quality of the Gratitude Questionnaire in Filipino college students

This study aims to adapt the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ-6) to the Philippines, gathering evidence of its validity and reliability. Two studies were conducted. Participants in Study 1 were 340 college students (Mage= 20.63; 62.1% female), who completed the GQ-6 and demographic questions. The exploratory factor analysis was performed, indicating a one-factor solution (a= .80). Participants in Study 2 were 813 college students (Mage= 19.99 years; 50.1% male), who answered the GQ-6, the Life Orientation Test-Revised, the Subjective Happiness Scale, and the Spirituality/Religiousness items. Results corroborated the one-factor structure (e.g., CFI= .98, RMSEA= .05) showing evidence of its association with life orientation (r= .29), subjective happiness (r= .08), and religiosity (r= .31). The scores from the GQ-6 also exhibited invariance across gender. In conclusion, the GQ-6 provide evidence of factorial and criterion validity and reliability, justifying its use in the Philippines.

Psychometric Properties of the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) for Sport

El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue adaptar y evaluar culturalmente las propiedades psicométricas del Life Orientation Test para el contexto deportivo (LOT-S). La muestra consistió en 953 jóvenes atletas brasileños de ambos sexos, con una edad media de 16 años. Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio produjeron dos dimensiones correlacionadas, que reflejan optimismo y pesimismo, y brindaron apoyo para un modelo de dos factores. Se encontró un ajuste satisfactorio para LOT-S con 6 ítems (χ2=10.96, df=8; RMSEA=.020 (IC 90%=.021-.049); CFI=.995; TLI=990; NFI=.980; GFI=.996; SRMR=.032). También se generaron pruebas satisfactorias de consistencia interna a través del análisis de cargas factoriales y valores t. Los índices alfa de Cronbach (.68/ .65) y la Fiabilidad Compuesta (.72/ .65) fueron adecuados en las variables latentes Optimismo y Pesimismo, respectivamente. Los valores de varianza promedio extraídos fueron insatisfactorios, sin embargo, las correlaciones positivas con Optimismo y las correlaciones negativas con Pesimismo entre Motivación, Resiliencia y Bienestar fueron indicativas de validez convergente. Las correlaciones entre las variables latentes en comparación con las raíces cuadradas de los valores de varianza promedio extraídos de cada constructo mostraron que el modelo tiene validez discriminante. Se logró la invariancia configuracional, métrica y escalar, lo que indica que LOT-S puede medir atletas de ambos sexos por igual. Aunque se necesitan más estudios para confirmar las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento, la adaptación de LOT al contexto deportivo fue el primer paso en el futuro sobre la influencia del Optimismo en el rendimiento deportivo Palabras clave: optimismo; pesimismo; dimensionalidad; estudio de validación The main objective of this research was to culturally adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Life Orientation Test version for the sports context (LOT-S). The sample consisted of 953 young Brazilian athletes of both sexes, with a mean age of 16 years. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis produced two correlated dimensions, reflecting optimism and pessimism, and provided support for a two-factor model. A satisfactory fit for LOT-S with six items was found (χ2=10.96, df=8; RMSEA=.020 (IC 90%=.021-.049); CFI=.995; TLI=990; NFI=.980; GFI=.996; SRMR=.032). Satisfactory tests of internal consistency were also generated through the analysis of factorial loads and t-values. Cronbach's alpha (.68/ .65) and Composite Reliability (.72/ .65) were adequate in Optimism and Pessimism, respectively. The values of average variance extracted were unsatisfactory, however, positive correlations with optimism and negative with pessimism between Motivation, Resilience and Well-Being were indicative of convergent validity. The correlations between the latent variables compared to the square roots of the average variance extracted values of each construct showed that the model has discriminant validity. The configural, metric and scalar invariance was achieved, indicating that the LOT-S can measure athletes of both sexes equally. Although more studies are needed to confirm the psychometric properties of the instrument, adapting the LOT to the sport context was the first step in the future works about the influence of Optimism on sports performance. Keywords: optimism; pessimism; dimensionality; validation study. O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi adaptar culturalmente e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do Life Orientation Test para o contexto esportivo (LOT-S). A amostra foi composta por 953 jovens atletas brasileiros de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 16 anos. Os resultados da análise fatorial confirmatória produziram duas dimensões correlacionadas, refletindo otimismo e pessimismo e forneceram suporte para um modelo de dois fatores. Foi encontrado um ajuste satisfatório para LOT-S com seis itens (χ2=10.96, df=8; RMSEA=.020 (IC 90%=.021-.049); CFI=.995; TLI=990; NFI=.980; GFI=.996; SRMR=.032). Testes satisfatórios de consistência interna foram gerados através da análise de cargas fatoriais e valores-t. Os índices alfa de Cronbach (.68/ .65) e de Confiabilidade Composta (72/ .65) foram adequados para Otimismo e Pessimismo, respectivamente. Os valores de variância média extraída foram insatisfatórios, no entanto, correlações positivas entre Otimismo e negativas entre Pessimismo e Motivação, Resiliência e Bem-Estar foram indicativos de validade convergente. As correlações entre as variáveis latentes comparadas às raízes quadradas dos valores de variância média extraída de cada construto mostraram que o modelo possui validade discriminante. A invariância configural, métrica e escalar foi alcançada, indicando que o LOT-S pode medir atletas de ambos os sexos igualmente. Embora sejam necessários mais estudos para confirmar as propriedades psicométricas do instrumento, a adaptação do LOT ao contexto esportivo foi o primeiro passo no futuro para a influência do otimismo no desempenho esportivo Palavras-chave: otimismo; pessimismo; dimensionalidade; estudo de validação.

Writing Descriptive Mapping on students D3 Bahasa Inggris Programs

ABSTRACT This study concerns with the improve students’ creativity ability in writing descriptive paragraph through mind mapping technique. The objective of this study is to discover whether the use of mind mapping could significantly improve students’ creativity ability in writing descriptive paragraph. With support from the theory by Buzan. This study was conducted by applying Classroom Action Research which was carried out in two cycles in 4 meetings. The subject of this study was the Administration Public course in 2ed semester of Students Universitas Merdeka Malang which consisted of 20 students. The data will take in quantitative and qualitative data. Where quantitative data collected by giving descriptive writing tests that related to topic in TA( (tugas akhir) and calculating the mean of students’ scores. The quantities data were collected by the students’ score in (80. 55) which was higher than the first cycle (74.95) and orientation test (69.65). The qualitative data were collected observation and questionnaire sheets. The analyzed qualitative data gathered from the observation and questionnaire sheet during cycle I and II. It was found that students also made improvement students creativity in writing descriptive paragraph by using mapping on their TA (tugas akhir) while guidance and teaching learning proses . Despite all students got problems at 1st meeting, they could handle their difficulties and more enjoy their lesson. By the process they become active and creative in writing descriptive paragraph and qualitative data showed students strongly agreed by mind mapping had solve students problem in writing TA (tugas akhir) that related to writing descriptive paragraph. The result of the research showed that mind mapping significantly improved students’ ability in writing TA (tugas akhir) that related to descriptive paragraph text.