"Effects of reinforcer distribution during response elimination on resurgence of an instrumental behavior": Correction to Schepers and Bouton (2015).

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-47
Author(s):  
Scott T. Schepers ◽  
Mark E. Bouton
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Behavior ◽  
Response Elimination

Manipulate Me

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-562
Author(s):  
Alica Thissen ◽  
Frank M. Spinath ◽  
Nicolas Becker
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Item Difficulty ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Response Elimination ◽  
School Students ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Construction Task

Abstract. The cube construction task represents a novel format in the assessment of spatial ability through mental cube rotation tasks. Instead of selecting the correct answer from several response options, respondents construct their own response in a computerized test environment, leading to a higher demand for spatial ability. In the present study with a sample of 146 German high-school students, we tested an approach to manipulate the item difficulties in order to create items with a greater difficulty range. Furthermore, we compared the cube task in a distractor-free and a distractor-based version while the item stems were held identical. The average item difficulty of the distractor-free format was significantly higher than in the distractor-based format ( M = 0.27 vs. M = 0.46) and the distractor-free format showed a broader range of item difficulties (.02 ≤  pi ≤ .95 vs. .37 ≤  pi ≤ .63). The analyses of the test results also showed that the distractor-free format had a significantly higher correlation with a broad intelligence test ( r = .57 vs. r = .17). Reasons for the higher convergent validity of the distractor-free format (prevention of response elimination strategies and the broader range of item difficulties) and further research possibilities are discussed.

Differential resurgence and response elimination

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam H. Doughty ◽  
Stephanie P. da Silva ◽  
Kennon A. Lattal
Keyword(s):  
Response Elimination

The Coordination of Visual Observation and Instrumental Behavior in Early Infancy

Perception ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iize V Kalnins ◽  
J S Bruner
Keyword(s):  
Baseline Level ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Voluntary Control ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Instrumental Behavior ◽  
Active Response ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Instrumental Control ◽  
Clear Condition

Infants aged 5–12 weeks were shown a silent colour film whose clarity/focus was contingent on their sucking on a dummy nipple. In the ‘suck-for-clear’ condition the mean rate of sucking increased significantly over baseline level, and decreased when the contingency shifted to ‘suck-for-blur’. When the initial condition was suck-for-blur, sucking rate remained close to baseline level (even after the shift to suck-for-clear). Time spent looking at the clear film increased in both conditions, but there was little change in looking at the blurred pictures. With the introduction of the contingency conditions patterns of looking at the clearing and cleared pictures changed, and looking at the cleared picture increased in the suck-for-clear but not the suck-for-blur condition. Asymmetry of the results indicates that infants are better able to use an active response for instrumental means than to inhibit a response to achieve instrumental control. Implications for the development of voluntary control of action are explored.

Weaver mutant mice exhibit long-term learning deficits under several measures of instrumental behavior

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 1002-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Derenne ◽  
Matthew L. Arsenault ◽  
David P. Austin ◽  
Jeffrey N. Weatherly
Keyword(s):  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Instrumental Behavior ◽  
Learning Deficits

Aversive inhibition in adult ADHD and its restoration by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: A behavioral pilot study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Geurts ◽  
Hanneke den Ouden ◽  
Lotte Janssens ◽  
Jennifer Swart ◽  
Monja Isabel Froböse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Transfer Task ◽  
Instrumental Behavior ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Before And After

Background: Control over the tendency to make or withhold responses based on contextual Pavlovian information, might play a key role in understanding impulsivity/hyperactivity in ADHD. Here we set out to assess (1) the understudied relation between Pavlovian inhibitory control and hyperactivity/impulsivity in adults with ADHD and (2) whether this inhibition can be enhanced by mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT).Methods: 50 Adult ADHD patients were assessed before and after 8 weeks of treatment as usual (TAU) with (n=24) or without (n=26) MBCT. We employed a sophisticated, well-established Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer task that quantifies Pavlovian control over instrumental behavior. Results: Task results revealed (1) less aversive Pavlovian inhibition in patients with clinical hyperactivity/impulsivity; and (2) enhanced inhibition after TAU+MBCT compared with TAU. Conclusions: Aversive Pavlovian inhibition plays a role in clinically relevant hyperactivity/impulsivity in adult ADHD and MBCT can be used to enhance this form of inhibition.

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