Studies of instrumental behavior with sexual reinforcement in male rats (Rattus norvegicus): I. Control by brief visual stimuli paired with a receptive female.

ABSTRACTJatropha curcas L. leaves is plants containing saponins, flavonoid compounds such as kaempferol, nicotoflorin, quersitin, astragalin, ricinin and vitamin C. Flavonoids showed more than one hundred kinds of bioactivity, which is antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Several researches informed that flavonoid compound had antipyretic activity. The aim of this study was to examined the effect of ethanolic extract of Jatropha curcas L. leaves as antipyretic on white Wistar male rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced with DPT. There were 15 rats tested, divided into 5 groups that is negative control (CMC 1%), positive control (paracetamol) and treatment group of physic nut leaves extract 200 mg, 400 mg and 800 mg. Every rat was induced by fever using 0,4 ml of DPT vaccine intramuscularly. The temperature was measured before the rats were induced, 2-3 hour after induced and every 30 minute for 3 hours. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA (Analysis of Variants) and LSD. The results showed that the dose group of Jatropha curcas L. leaves ethanol extract had comparable activity with positive control of paracetamol in reducing fever. The conclusion was the ethanol extract of Jatropha curcas L. leaves has an antipyretic activity that could reduce temperature on white Wistar male rats at a dose of 200 mg, 400 mg and 800 mg. Keywords: Jatropha curcas L., antipyretic, Rattus norvegicus ABSTRAKDaun Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) merupakan tanaman yang mengandung saponin, senyawa flavonoida antara lain kaempferol, nikotoflorin, kuersitin, astragalin, risinin dan vitamin C. Flavonoid menunjukkan lebih dari seratus macam bioaktivitas, antara lain efek antipiretik, analgetik dan antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antipiretik ekstrak etanol daun jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) terhadap tikus putih jantan galur wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang diinduksi vaksin DPT. Hewan uji yang digunakan sebanyak 15 ekor dan dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu kontrol negatif (CMC 1%), kontrol positif (parasetamol) dan kelompok dosis uji yaitu pemberian ekstrak daun jarak pagar 200 mg, 400 mg dan 800 mg. Setiap tikus diinduksi demam dengan vaksin DPT dosis 0,4 ml secara intramuskular. Pengukuran suhu dilakukan sebelum induksi, 2-3 jam setelah pemberian induksi dan setiap 30 menit selama 3 jam. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) dan uji LSD (Least Significant Different). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok dosis ekstrak etanol daun jarak pagar memiliki aktivitas yang sebanding dengan kontrol positif parasetamol dalam menurunkan demam. Kesimpulannya ekstrak etanol daun jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) memiliki aktivitas antipiretik yang dapat menurunkan suhu tubuh pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar (Rattus norvegicus) pada dosis 200 mg, 400 mg dan 800 mg. Kata kunci: Jatropha curcas L., antipiretik, Rattus norvegicus

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Effect of sertraline and fluoxetine on the reproductive abilities of male rats Rattus norvegicus

10.32792/utq/utjsci/vol7/1/5 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Male Rats

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Transitive responding with visual stimuli in rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Japanese Journal of Animal Psychology ◽

10.2502/janip.53.17 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 17-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

MAKOTO TAKAHASHI ◽

KAZUO FUJITA

Keyword(s):

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Visual Stimuli

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The Effect of Balimo (Zanthoxylum nitidum) Immersion Water On The Hematological Profile of White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) That Given Liquor (Ciu)

Biology Medicine & Natural Product Chemistry ◽

10.14421/biomedich.2021.101.47-57 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 47-57

Author(s):

Panca Buana Wijaya ◽

Tyas Rini Saraswati ◽

Silvana Tana ◽

Sunarno Sunarno ◽

Erma Prihastanti

Keyword(s):

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Male Rats ◽

Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽

White Rats ◽

Excessive Alcohol ◽

The Mean ◽

Zanthoxylum Nitidum ◽

The Difference ◽

Antioxidant Effects ◽

One Way Anova

Consumption of liquor such as Ciu in excessive doses can cause a decrease in hematological status. Balimo stem is an alternative treatment to improve hematological status due to excessive alcohol consumption because it contains alkaloids, flavonoids, and other secondary metabolic compounds, that have functions as antioxidant effects. This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of Balimo immersion water on the hematological status of mice with the observed variables, namely the erythrocytes count, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit value, and total count of leukocytes in rats that had been given Ciu. The study used 20 Rattus norvegicus male rats which were divided into 4 groups. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The results showed no significant differences (p <0.05) on the Balimo immersion water treatment, but if it was seen from the difference in the mean data of each variable, it could still be seen the difference from each treatment. In this study, it can be concluded that Balimo immersion water was able to improve the hematological status of rats that had been given Ciu liquor with a 0,2 mL dose.

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Maternal restraint stress during pregnancy negatively affects behaviors and antioxidant capacity of offspring rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/cjz-2017-0264 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 96 (8) ◽

pp. 882-887 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Chao Yin ◽

Guofu Wang ◽

Shixing Gao ◽

Yanping Huang ◽

Ruqian Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Soleus Muscle ◽

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Restraint Stress ◽

Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽

Female Offspring ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male Rats ◽

Biochemical Indices

This study evaluated the effect of maternal restraint stress during the gestation period on behaviors, biochemical parameters, and antioxidant capacities of offspring rats (Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout,1769)) at weaning age. Behaviors, plasma biochemical indices, and antioxidant ability of the liver, soleus muscle, and gastrocnemius muscle of mother and (or) offspring rats were analyzed. Significant increases were found in the immobility and swinging behavior frequencies of offspring male rats; no difference was found in behaviors of female rats. The antioxidant indices including superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide synthase, and total antioxidant capacity in the soleus muscle of offspring male rats were significantly decreased in the restraint group. Female offspring rats showed significant lower glutathione and higher malondialdehyde levels in the gastrocnemius muscle and liver, respectively. No difference was found in the productive performance and plasma biochemical indices of maternal rats, nor in the biochemical parameters of the two groups of weaning rats. The results suggested that maternal chronic stresses negatively affected the behaviors and antioxidant abilities of offspring rats, and that these effects possibly have a greater impact on offspring male rats than on female rats.

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Spike Phase Shift Relative to Beta Oscillations Mediates Modality Selection

Cerebral Cortex ◽

10.1093/cercor/bhaa125 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (10) ◽

pp. 5431-5448

Author(s):

Yanfang Zuo ◽

Yanwang Huang ◽

Dingcheng Wu ◽

Qingxiu Wang ◽

Zuoren Wang

Keyword(s):

Phase Shift ◽

Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽

Visual Stimuli ◽

Spike Timing ◽

Male Rats ◽

Top Down ◽

Beta Oscillations ◽

Neuronal Spike ◽

Beta Power ◽

The Brain

Abstract How does the brain selectively process signals from stimuli of different modalities? Coherent oscillations may function in coordinating communication between neuronal populations simultaneously involved in such cognitive behavior. Beta power (12–30 Hz) is implicated in top-down cognitive processes. Here we test the hypothesis that the brain increases encoding and behavioral influence of a target modality by shifting the relationship of neuronal spike phases relative to beta oscillations between primary sensory cortices and higher cortices. We simultaneously recorded neuronal spike and local field potentials in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and the primary auditory cortex (A1) when male rats made choices to either auditory or visual stimuli. Neuronal spikes exhibited modality-related phase locking to beta oscillations during stimulus sampling, and the phase shift between neuronal subpopulations demonstrated faster top-down signaling from PPC to A1 neurons when animals attended to auditory rather than visual stimuli. Importantly, complementary to spike timing, spike phase predicted rats’ attended-to target in single trials, which was related to the animals’ performance. Our findings support a candidate mechanism that cortices encode targets from different modalities by shifting neuronal spike phase. This work may extend our understanding of the importance of spike phase as a coding and readout mechanism.

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