The outcome predictability bias is evident in overt attention.

When looking around at the world, we can only attend to a limited number of locations. The lateral intraparietal area (LIP) is thought to play a role in guiding both covert attention and eye movements. In this study, we tested the involvement of LIP in both mechanisms with a change detection task. In the task, animals had to indicate whether an element changed during a blank in the trial by making a saccade to it. If no element changed, they had to maintain fixation. We examine how the animal's behavior is biased based on LIP activity prior to the presentation of the stimulus the animal must respond to. When the activity was high, the animal was more likely to make an eye movement toward the stimulus, even if there was no change; when the activity was low, the animal either had a slower reaction time or maintained fixation, even if a change occurred. We conclude that LIP activity is involved in both covert and overt attention, but when decisions about eye movements are to be made, this role takes precedence over guiding covert attention.

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Gender-related online metalinguistic comments on Straattaal and Moroccan Flavored Dutch in the Moroccan heritage community in the Netherlands

Applied Linguistics Review ◽

10.1515/applirev-2017-0047 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 341-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jacomine Nortier

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Hong Kong ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Western Europe ◽

Basic Question ◽

Heritage Languages ◽

Male And Female ◽

Overt Attention ◽

Males And Females ◽

Linguistic Material

AbstractStraattaal (‘street language’) used by members of various ethnic groups contains linguistic material from English and several heritage languages with relatively many Sranan words. Moroccan Flavored Dutch (MFD) is Dutch with elements from Moroccan languages on the level of pronunciation, lexicon and/or grammar. Both Straattaal and MFD can be used by young Moroccan-Dutch. The basic question is: How is the use of MFD and Straattaal by Moroccan-Dutch females perceived within the Moroccan community in CMC? Data were collected by searching posts on social media. Male and female young Moroccan-Dutch comment negatively on Moroccan girls using Straattaal. However, MFD is used too, even by the same participants, receiving little overt attention. The use of and attitudes towards youth languages by females elsewhere sometimes differ from the Moroccan-Dutch context. Examples from Algeria, Indonesia and Hong Kong show that they are used by both females and men without overt negative connotations compared to Western Europe where they seem to be used predominantly by males. A possible explanation could be that there seems to be a gender restriction for varieties used as anti-languages (Halliday 1976), while youth varieties that mark socially upward mobility can be used by both males and females.

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Ideal Observer Analysis of Overt Attention

Journal of Vision ◽

10.1167/10.7.12 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 12-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. S. Geisler

Keyword(s):

Ideal Observer ◽

Overt Attention ◽

Ideal Observer Analysis

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Looking at anything that is green when hearing “frog”: How object surface colour and stored object colour knowledge influence language-mediated overt attention

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology ◽

10.1080/17470218.2010.481474 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 122-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Falk Huettig ◽

Gerry T. M. Altmann

Keyword(s):

Object Surface ◽

Overt Attention

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Anxiety-Related Attention Bias in Four- to Eight-Year-Olds: An Eye-Tracking Study

Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.3390/bs10120194 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 194

Author(s):

Suzannah Stuijfzand ◽

Bobby Stuijfzand ◽

Shirley Reynolds ◽

Helen Dodd

Keyword(s):

Eye Tracking ◽

Effortful Control ◽

Community Sample ◽

Age Groups ◽

Attention Bias ◽

Overt Attention ◽

Age Related ◽

Neutral Face ◽

Moderation Model ◽

Development Of Anxiety

(1) Background: There is evidence of an attention bias–anxiety relationship in children, but lack of appropriate methods has limited the number of studies with children younger than eight years old. This study used eye tracking as a measure of overt attention in young children. The aim of this study was to assess anxiety-related attention bias in children aged four to eight years. Age was considered a moderator, and the influence of effortful control was investigated. (2) Method: A community sample of 104 children was shown pairs of happy–neutral and angry–neutral faces. Growth curve analyses were used to examine patterns of gaze over time. (3) Results: Analyses revealed moderation by age and anxiety, with distinct patterns of anxiety-related biases seen in different age groups in the angry–neutral face trials. Effortful control did not account for age-related effects. (4) Conclusions: The results support a moderation model of the development of anxiety in children.

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