scholarly journals Towards augmented human memory: Retrieval-induced forgetting and retrieval practice in an interactive, end-of-day review.

2018 ◽  
Vol 147 (5) ◽  
pp. 632-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Cinel ◽  
Cathleen Cortis Mack ◽  
Geoff Ward
Keyword(s):  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Retrieval Practice ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Induced Forgetting

scholarly journals SAMPL: The Spreading Activation and Memory PLasticity Model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beau Sievers ◽  
Ida Momennejad
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Memory Disorders ◽  
Spreading Activation ◽  
Plasticity Model ◽  
Memory Enhancement ◽  
Initial Activation ◽  
Induced Forgetting ◽  
Strength Of Association

AbstractWe present the Spreading Activation and Memory PLasticity Model (SAMPL), a computational model of how memory retrieval changes memories. SAMPL restructures memory networks as a function of spreading activation and plasticity. Memory networks are represented as graphs of items in which edge weights capture the strength of association between items. When an item is retrieved, activation spreads across nodes depending on edge weights and the strength of initial activation. A non-monotonic plasticity rule, in turn, updates edge weights following activation. SAMPL simulates human memory phenomena across a number of experiments including retrieval induced forgetting, context-based memory enhancement, and memory synchronization in conversational networks. Our results have implications for theorizing memory disorders such as PTSD and designing computationally assisted conversational therapy.

Medial Prefrontal Theta Oscillations Track the Time Course of Interference during Selective Memory Retrieval

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina S. Ferreira ◽  
Alejandra Marful ◽  
Tobias Staudigl ◽  
Teresa Bajo ◽  
Simon Hanslmayr
Keyword(s):  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Retrieval Practice ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Theta Oscillations ◽  
Theta Power ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Retrieval Condition ◽  
Induced Forgetting ◽  
Noncompetitive Condition

Memory retrieval is often challenged by other irrelevant competing memories that cause interference. This phenomenon is typically studied with the retrieval practice paradigm in which a category cue (e.g., Fruits) is presented together with an item-specific cue (e.g., Or::). Presentation of the category cue usually induces interference by reactivating competing memories (e.g., Banana, Apple, etc.), which is thought to be solved by means of inhibition, leading to retrieval-induced forgetting of these competing memories. Previous studies associated interference with an increase in medial prefrontal theta band (4–8 Hz) oscillations, but these studies could not disentangle the interference from the inhibition processes. We here used a retrieval practice procedure in which the category cue was presented before the item-specific cue to disentangle the interference from the inhibition signal. Furthermore, a competitive retrieval condition was contrasted with a noncompetitive condition. At a behavioral level, retrieval-induced forgetting was found in the competitive but not in the noncompetitive condition. At a neural level, presentation of the category cue elicited higher levels of theta power in the competitive condition, when compared with the noncompetitive retrieval condition. Importantly, this difference was localized to the ACC, which has been associated with the detection and mediation of interference. Additionally, theta power decreased upon presentation of the item-specific cue, and this difference was related to later forgetting. Our results therefore disentangle, for the first time, interference and inhibition in episodic memory retrieval and suggest that theta oscillations track the fine-grained temporal dynamics of interference during competitive memory retrieval.

scholarly journals Self-protecting motivation, indexed by self-threat, modifies retrieval-induced-forgetting and confidence in employment decision bias against out-group targets

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaohang Lui ◽  
Christopher Kent ◽  
Josie Briscoe
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Retrieval Practice ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Employment Decisions ◽  
Decision Bias ◽  
Employment Decision ◽  
Personal Strengths ◽  
Induced Forgetting ◽  
Recruitment Practice ◽  
Positive Traits

AbstractHuman memory is malleable by both social and motivational factors and holds information relevant to workplace decisions. Retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) describes a phenomenon where retrieval practice impairs subsequent memory for related (unpracticed) information. We report two RIF experiments. Chinese participants received a mild self-threat manipulation (Experiment 2) or not (Experiment 1) before an ethnicity-RIF task that involved practicing negative traits of either in-group (Chinese) or an out-group (Japanese) target. After a subsequent memory test, participants selected their preferred applicant for employment. RIF scores correspond to forgetting of unpracticed positive traits of one target (Rp−) relative to the recall of practiced negative traits of the other target (Rp+). Enhanced forgetting of positive traits was found in both experiments for both targets. Across experiments, a significant target by threat interaction showed that target ethnicity modified RIF (an ethnicity-RIF effect). Inducing a self-protecting motivation enhanced RIF effects for the out-group (Japanese) target. In a subsequent employment decision, there was a strong bias to select the in-group target, with the confidence in these decisions being associated with RIF scores. This study suggests that rehearsing negative traits of minority applicants can affect metacognitive aspects of employment decisions, possibly by shaping the schemas available to the majority (in-group) employer. To disrupt systemic racism, recruitment practices should aim to offset a human motivation to protect one-self, when exposed to a relatively mild threat to self-esteem. Discussing the negative traits of minority applicants is a critical, and sensitive, aspect of decision-making that warrants careful practice. These data suggest that recruiting individuals should be reminded of their personal strengths in this context, not their vulnerabilities, to secure their decision-making for fairer recruitment practice.

scholarly journals Neurogenesis: remembering all or forgetting some

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 2003-2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha Jain Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Induced Forgetting

Research over the last 20 years has begun to elucidate the importance of adult neurogenesis in cognition. Three studies recently asked what might be happening to memories formed before neurogenesis in the hippocampus (Akers KG, Martinez-Canabal A, Restivo L, Yiu AP, De Cristofaro A, Hsiang HL, Wheeler AL, Guskjolen A, Niibori Y, Shoji H, Ohira K, Richards BA, Miyakawa T, Josselyn SA, Frankland PW. Science 344: 598–602, 2014; Epp JR, Silva Mera R, Köhler S, Josselyn SA, Frankland PW. Nat Commun 7: 10838, 2016; Kodali M, Megahed T, Mishra V, Shuai B, Hattiangady B, Shetty AK. J Neurosci 36: 8112–8122, 2016). These studies found conflicting results: running (which increases neurogenesis) induced forgetting in two studies, but there was no difference in memory retrieval after exercise in another. To reconcile these studies, one must understand the processes behind memory maintenance and recall and consider context, species, and other factors.

Application of an artificial intelligence algorithm model of memory retrieval and roaming in sorting Chinese medicinal materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Chengbing Tan ◽  
Qun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Memory Search ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Keyword Query ◽  
Retrieval Cues ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Algorithm ◽  
Response Performance

In order to capture autobiographical memory, inspired by the development of human intelligence, a computational AM model for autobiographical memory is proposed in this paper, which is a three-layer network structure, in which the bottom layer encodes the event-specific knowledge comprising 5W1H, and provides retrieval clues to the middle layer, encodes the related events, and the top layer encodes the event set. According to the bottom-up memory search process, the corresponding events and event sets can be identified in the middle layer and the top layer respectively; At the same time, AM model can simulate human memory roaming through the process of rule-based memory retrieval. The computational AM model proposed in this paper not only has robust and flexible memory retrieval, but also has better response performance to noisy memory retrieval cues than the commonly used memory retrieval model based on keyword query method, and can also imitate the roaming phenomenon in memory.

scholarly journals Exercise and Retrieval-Induced Forgetting

Psych ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Justin Cantrelle ◽  
Paul Loprinzi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Retrieval Practice ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Induced Forgetting ◽  
Experimental Group

Retrieving a subset of items from memory can cause forgetting of other related items in memory, referred to as retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF). This type of forgetting (RIF) is thought to be related to working memory and executive control processes, of which are known to be influenced by acute exercise. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether acute exercise could accentuate RIF. A two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled intervention was employed. Participants (N = 40) were randomized into one of two groups, including an experimental group (15-min of moderate-intensity exercise) and a control group (time-matched seated task). Retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) and retrieval practice (RP) were assessed from a category-exemplar memory task. There was no significant main effect for RIF and no group by RIF interaction, suggesting that acute exercise did not alter RIF more than the control group. There was a significant main effect for RP, but there was no group by RP interaction. These RP findings align with the RIF findings, indicating that acute exercise did not alter RP more so than the control group. In conclusion, our experimental results do not provide support for an association of acute exercise on retrieval-induced forgetting or retrieval practice.

Suppression of Competing Memories in Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Francesco Stramaccia ◽  
Barbara Penolazzi ◽  
Anna Laura Monego ◽  
Amalia Manzan ◽  
Luigi Castelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Retrieval Practice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Overt Behavior ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Inhibitory Deficits ◽  
Memory Control

Substance-related and addictive disorders have been strongly linked to inhibitory control impairment. However, inhibitory deficits in this class of psychiatric disorders have been tested almost exclusively with measures of inhibition of motor, overt behavior. Here, instead, we investigated inhibitory deficits in these disorders by assessing the integrity of inhibitory control over internal, covert responses. Two groups of patients with alcohol and drug addiction and a control group of healthy individuals were administered a retrieval-practice paradigm assessing inhibition of competing memories. All groups showed comparable beneficial effects of retrieval practice. In contrast, successful suppression of competing memories was achieved by the control group only. This indicates that the deficit in clinical groups can be ascribed to an impairment in inhibitory control over memory retrieval rather than to a general memory impairment. In conclusion, inhibitory deficits in addiction are more widespread than previously shown, as they encompass memory control mechanisms.

When intended remembering leads to unintended forgetting

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 909-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Storm ◽  
Elizabeth L. Bjork ◽  
Robert A. Bjork
Keyword(s):  
Retrieval Practice ◽  
Induced Forgetting

As a means of clarifying the memory dynamics that underlie retrieval-induced forgetting, we explored how instructing participants either to remember or to forget a previously presented list of items influences the susceptibility of those items to inhibition. According to the inhibitory account of retrieval-induced forgetting, it is the items that interfere most with retrieval practice that should be the most susceptible to the effects of inhibition. Consistent with this prediction, items from lists that participants were told to remember suffered from significantly more retrieval-induced forgetting than did items from lists that participants were told to forget.

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