Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia in blast crisis can manifest as either myeloid (more common) or lymphoid blast crisis. Most lymphoblastic crises are of B-cell lineage. T-cell blast crisis is extremely rare, with only a few reported cases. We present a case of a middle-aged man who was diagnosed with CML on peripheral blood and bone marrow biopsy. Because of a generalized lymphadenopathy noted at the time of diagnosis, a lymph node biopsy was also performed, which revealed a T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, BCR/ABL1 positive, with clonal evolution. This is a very rare manifestation of CML in blast crisis with no standard treatment and with poor outcomes despite chemotherapy or allogeneic stem cell transplant. Given its rarity, it would be difficult to develop standard chemotherapy protocols. We believe the treatment for this condition should be similar to any lymphoid blast crisis. The patient was treated with induction chemotherapy (hyper-CVAD regimen) plus dasatinib for 3 cycles followed by sibling-donor allogeneic stem cell transplant and is currently on maintenance dasatinib and has minimal residual disease at this time.
All is not lost in accelerated phase/blast crisis and after tyrosine kinase inhibitors fail in chronic myeloid leukaemia: a retrospective study of allogeneic stem cell transplant outcomes in Australia and New Zealand