Female scientists get less money and staff for their first labs

Nature ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Else
Keyword(s):  
Female Scientists

scholarly journals The Current Situation of Female Scientists in Argentina

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Llois ◽  
Silvina Ponce Dawson ◽  
Beverly Karplus Hartline ◽  
Renee K. Horton ◽  
Catherine M. Kaicher
Keyword(s):  
Current Situation ◽  
Female Scientists

scholarly journals Leadership Development in Ophthalmology: Current Impact and Future Needs

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. e32-e39
Author(s):  
Sean T. Berkowitz ◽  
Janice C. Law ◽  
Paul Sternberg ◽  
Shriji Patel
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Emerging Leaders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leadership Development Programs ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Female Scientists

Abstract Importance There is a lack of peer-reviewed literature on leadership development programs (LDP) in ophthalmology. Research into LDP demographics, outcomes, and methodology is needed. Objective The aim of the study is to evaluate the extent to which LDPs targeting ophthalmologists meet the needs of emerging leaders. Design The design type of the study is cross-sectional analysis. Setting This study involves international setting. Participants The participants involved were ophthalmologists at any career level. Methods Routine internet search was used to identify LDPs targeting ophthalmologists. LDPs identified were categorized by the outcome data available into four levels based on prior literature. Participants were assessed using previously validated software for gender (Gender-API, 2020) and race or ethnicity (NamSor, 2020) Results Nine programs were identified which were classified into LDP generations. The first LDP in ophthalmology was the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) LDP, which served as the nidus for the formation of four multinational LDPs, together forming the Global LDP. These LDPs were similar in size and scope; program size ranging from nine to 30 participants; a length of 1 to 2 years; with similar curricular offerings; with funding primarily derived from cost-sharing with a nominating society. The second generation of ophthalmology LDPs in the United States has targeted female scientists or faculty (Women's LDP by ARVO) and academic ophthalmology leaders (Academic LDP by Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology).The AAO's LDP appears increasingly diverse with approximately 13% women at inception, gradually increasing from 40 to 65% women in the last 5 years (n = 389). There has also been a notable increase in ethnic diversity. Conclusion and Relevance AAO LDP is the preeminent leadership training program for ophthalmologists, and it has influenced the creation of a new generation of LDP offerings. There remains a paucity of LDP evaluation metrics and reported outcomes. Newer iterations are successfully targeting academic leadership and attempting to address known disparities in gender and race or ethnicity. Further expansion of LDPs and related research can ensure equity and diversity in the pipeline.

scholarly journals Gender, Museums and Science: Wanda Hanke’s Ethnological Collections (1933–1958)

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana M. O. Sombrio
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
South America ◽  
Natural History Museums ◽  
Extensive Data ◽  
History Museums ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Medicine And Philosophy ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Female Scientists

Abstract This paper will explore the significance of the expeditions under- taken by Wanda Hanke (1893-1958) in South America, of the networks she established in the region, as well as of her contributions to ethnological studies, in particular her compilation of extensive data and collections. Through Hanke's experience, it is possible to elucidate aspects of the history of ethnology and that of the history of museums in Brazil, as well as to emphasize the status of female participation in these areas. Wanda Hanke spent 25 years of her life studying the indigenous groups of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay and collecting ethnological objects for natural history museums. Trained in medicine and philosophy, she began to dedicate herself to ethnological studies in her forties, and she travelled alone, an uncommon characteristic among female scientists in the 1940s, in Brazil.

The Pursuit of Meaning: Placing Biodiversity and Biography at the Center of Biology

2021 ◽  
pp. 002205742110268
Author(s):  
Joel I. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Life Science ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
Conservation Funding ◽  
Female Scientists

Naturalists enrich our scientific understanding of biodiversity. However, just as countries have fallen behind on commitments to provide biodiversity conservation funding, so has the focus of life science stayed arm’s length. The purpose of this article is to consider why biodiversity should be the center of life sciences education and how biographies of Charles Darwin and the incorporation of female scientists allow important findings, paintings, and journaling as part of standard teachings. The addition of female naturalists will provide role models for diverse, underrepresented student populations. This article suggests that biodiversity and biography become central to hteaching life sciences while supplemented by other practices. Such reallocations provide students an opportunity to learn not only what these scientists discovered but how these individuals “developed” into scientists.

Political Gutting, Crushed Life and Poetic Justice

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-190
Author(s):  
Patricia Pisters
Keyword(s):  
Political Agency ◽  
The Past ◽  
Female Directors ◽  
Three Guineas ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Poetic Justice ◽  
Female Scientists ◽  
Parable Of The Sower ◽  
White Material

This chapter will return to Woolf’s Three Guineas and political agency and look at Butler’s Kindred and Parable of the Sower. Thechapter has three sections, each addresses different types of political horror. First there is a return to racial and colonial terror in Euzhan Palcy’s A Dry White Season (1989), Claire Denis’s Chocolat (1988) and White Material (2009). Then the chapter takes us to the outcasts and powerful lost souls in man-eat-men environments in The Bad Batch (Ana Lily Amirpour, 2016), Tigers are not Afraid (Issa Lopez, 2017) and Songs My Brothers Taught Me (Chloé Zhao, 2015). In Atlantics (Mati Diop 2019) the sea off the coast of Senegal raises many ghosts from the past and the present. The chapter concludes with a section of eco-horror through the eyes of female directors: Spoor (Agnieska Holland 2017) is an allegory of the feminist backlash in contemporary Poland, wrapped in a hunting tale. Little Joe (Jessica Hausner 2019) and Glass Garden (Shin Sue-won 2017) are contemporary Frankenstein stories with idiosyncratic female scientists.

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