Changes in phase angle and body composition induced by resistance training in older women

Abstract Background Raw bioelectrical values can be used to assess physiological outcomes, though limited information is available concerning the relationships between changes in these values and changes in other variables of interest. Methods This investigation quantified the relationships between total and segmental changes in raw bioelectrical variables (i.e., resistance, reactance, and phase angle) and corresponding whole-body and segmental changes in independently assessed body composition. Resistance-trained females (n = 31, body mass index: 22.8 ± 2.6 kg/m2, body fat: 28 ± 6%) completed eight weeks of supervised resistance training. Before and after the intervention, body composition was assessed via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (GE® Lunar Prodigy), and raw bioelectrical variables were assessed via 8-point multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (Seca® mBCA 515/514) at 19 frequencies ranging from 1 to 1000 kHz. Results Lean soft tissue of the whole body (+ 3.2% [2.1, 4.4]; mean [95% confidence interval]) and each body segment (+ 2.8 to 6.3%) increased as a result of the intervention. Group-level changes in total (− 2.4% [− 5.2, 0.3]) and segmental fat mass were not statistically significant. Significant decreases in total resistance (− 2.1% [− 3.7, − 0.6] at 50 kHz) and increases in phase angle (+ 4.2% [2.5, 5.9] at 50 kHz) were observed, with minimal changes in reactance and varying changes in segmental values. Moderate to strong negative correlations (0.63 ≤ |r| ≤ 0.83, p ≤ 0.001) were found between changes in lean soft tissue and changes in resistance for the whole body, trunk, and arms. No significant correlations were identified between changes in fat mass or bone mineral content and changes in any bioelectrical variable. Conclusions Total and segmental changes in resistance were associated with corresponding total and segmental changes in lean soft tissue following a resistance training intervention, while fewer associations were identified between changes in other bioelectrical parameters (i.e., reactance and phase angle) and body composition variables (e.g., fat mass and bone mineral content). Measurement frequency and body segment appeared to influence the presence and strength relationships between bioelectrical and body composition variables. These findings suggest that researchers and practitioners utilizing bioimpedance technology may benefit from examining raw resistance values to enhance detection of physiological adaptations to exercise interventions.

Download Full-text

Effects of Circuit Resistance Training on Body Composition, Strength, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Middle-Aged and Older Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2021-0204 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo ◽

Luis Andreu-Caravaca ◽

María Carrasco-Poyatos ◽

Pedro J. Benito ◽

Jacobo Ángel Rubio-Arias

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Older Women ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Circuit Resistance Training ◽

Circuit Resistance

A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of circuit resistance training (CRT) on cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, and body composition in middle-aged and older women. Sixteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. The CRT interventions led to a significant decrease in weight, body mass index, and fat mass along with an increase in muscle mass. Significant differences were found in the fat mass and a trend to develop muscle mass when compared with the control group. CRT led to a significant increase in VO2max, walking endurance, and time to exhaustion; likewise, significant differences were observed when compared with the control group. CRT had a moderate and large favorable effect on arm, trunk, and lower limb strength. Furthermore, the increases in strength observed in the CRT were significantly greater than the changes observed in the control group. In middle-aged and older women, CRT improved cardiorespiratory fitness and strength and optimized body composition.

Download Full-text

Effect Of Resistance Training And Creatine Supplementation On Body Composition In Older Women

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000402352.72242.c4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 43 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 844

Author(s):

Edilson S. Cryrino ◽

Leticia T. Cyrino ◽

Renata S. B. Januario ◽

Aline M. Gerage ◽

Matheus A. Nascimento ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Older Women ◽

Creatine Supplementation

Download Full-text

Effects of Protein Intake Beyond Habitual Intakes Associated With Resistance Training on Metabolic Syndrome-Related Parameters, Isokinetic Strength, and Body Composition in Older Women

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity ◽

10.1123/japa.2018-0370 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 545-552

Author(s):

Hellen C.G. Nabuco ◽

Crisieli M. Tomeleri ◽

Rodrigo R. Fernandes ◽

Paulo Sugihara Junior ◽

Edilaine F. Cavalcante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Older Women ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Control Group ◽

Score Risk

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of protein intake beyond habitual intakes associated with resistance training on metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related parameters, isokinetic strength, and body composition in health older women. A total of 30 older women (68.8 ± 4.3 years) participated in this investigation and were assigned to receive 35 g of whey protein or placebo combined with resistance training, over 12-weeks, three times per week. Blood samples, blood pressure, dietary intake, strength, and body composition were assessed before and after the intervention period. Two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures was applied for comparisons. Both groups improved the skeletal muscle mass, muscular strength, waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, glucose, resistance, reactance, and MetSZ-score risk. However, the improvements in skeletal muscle mass, waist circumference, and MetSZ-score risk were significantly greater in protein group when compared with control group. Moreover, protein group significantly decreased %body fat when compared with control group. Higher protein intake combined with resistance training promoted greater improvements in skeletal muscle mass, %body fat, waist circumference, and MetSZ-score risk in older women.

Download Full-text