Effects of Protein Intake Beyond Habitual Intakes Associated With Resistance Training on Metabolic Syndrome-Related Parameters, Isokinetic Strength, and Body Composition in Older Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-552
Author(s):  
Hellen C.G. Nabuco ◽  
Crisieli M. Tomeleri ◽  
Rodrigo R. Fernandes ◽  
Paulo Sugihara Junior ◽  
Edilaine F. Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Score Risk

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of protein intake beyond habitual intakes associated with resistance training on metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related parameters, isokinetic strength, and body composition in health older women. A total of 30 older women (68.8 ± 4.3 years) participated in this investigation and were assigned to receive 35 g of whey protein or placebo combined with resistance training, over 12-weeks, three times per week. Blood samples, blood pressure, dietary intake, strength, and body composition were assessed before and after the intervention period. Two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures was applied for comparisons. Both groups improved the skeletal muscle mass, muscular strength, waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, glucose, resistance, reactance, and MetSZ-score risk. However, the improvements in skeletal muscle mass, waist circumference, and MetSZ-score risk were significantly greater in protein group when compared with control group. Moreover, protein group significantly decreased %body fat when compared with control group. Higher protein intake combined with resistance training promoted greater improvements in skeletal muscle mass, %body fat, waist circumference, and MetSZ-score risk in older women.

Effects of higher habitual protein intake on resistance-training-induced changes in body composition and muscular strength in untrained older women: A clinical trial study

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellen CG Nabuco ◽  
Crisieli M Tomeleri ◽  
Paulo Sugihara Junior ◽  
Rodrigo R Fernandes ◽  
Edilaine F Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
High Protein ◽  
High Protein Intake ◽  
Induced Changes

Background: Aging is accompanied by progressive and accentuated decline in muscular strength and skeletal muscle mass, affecting health and functional autonomy. Both resistance training (RT) and diet are strategies that may contribute to improvement in the health of the elderly. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of higher habitual protein intake on RT-induced changes in body composition and strength in untrained postmenopausal women. Methods: Seventy older women were submitted to an RT program. Body composition, muscular strength, and dietary intake (24 h dietary recall) were performed pre- and post-intervention. To verify different intervention effects according to protein intake of the participants, the sample was separated into tertiles according to protein intake: low, moderate, and high protein intake. Results: A time vs. group interaction ( p < 0.05) was observed, with high protein intake presenting greater increases compared with low protein intake, for skeletal muscle mass (5.3% vs. 1.3%), lower limb lean soft tissue (4.9% vs. 1.4%), upper lean soft tissue (4.9% vs. 1.2%), preacher curl (24% vs. 15.2%), and total strength (16.4% vs. 11.7%). A time vs. group interaction ( p < 0.05) was observed, with high protein intake presenting greater increases compared with moderate protein intake, for skeletal muscle mass (5.3% vs. 3.2%). In all groups, a main effect of time ( p < 0.05) was observed for knee extension and chest press. Conclusions: We conclude that intake of >1.0 g/kg/day of protein promotes gains in skeletal muscle mass and muscular strength after RT in untrained older women.

scholarly journals High skeletal muscle mass is associated with increased serum 25(OH)D levels in elderly

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Verawati Sudarma ◽  
Lukman Halim
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements

Background<br />Low vitamin D has been associated with various health problems. Aging influences body composition, especially body fat and fat-free mass. Anthropometric measurements, such as body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), body fat (BF), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), waist circumference (WC) and the waist-height ratio (WHtR) represent body composition which many studies proposed will influence serum vitamin D [25(OH)D]. The objective of the present study was to determine which anthropometric measurements were determinants of 25(OH)D levels in elderly.<br /><br />Methods<br />A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 126 elderly (&gt;60 years old) men and women at Pusat Santunan Dalam Keluarga (PUSAKA) Central Jakarta centers. Anthropometric measurements [body mass index (BMI), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat (BF), and waist circumference (WC)] were determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis using the Omron body composition monitor with scales (HBF-375, Omron, Japan). Fasting blood samples were taken to measure 25(OH)D level by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the data.<br /><br />Results <br />The data showed that BMI, BF, and WC were higher than recommended, while SMM and serum 25(OH)D were lower. When the analysis was done based on sex, there were significant differences in BF, SMM, WHtR, and serum 25(OH)D. In the linear regression multivariate analysis of log 25(OH)D with age and body anthropometric measurements, only SMM reached significance level (β=0.019; p=0.025).<br /><br />Conclusions<br />This study demonstrated a positive association between skeletal muscle mass and serum levels of vitamin D in elderly.

Effects of Whey Protein Supplementation Associated With Resistance Training on Muscular Strength, Hypertrophy, and Muscle Quality in Preconditioned Older Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 528-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Sugihara Junior ◽  
Alex S. Ribeiro ◽  
Hellen C.G. Nabuco ◽  
Rodrigo R. Fernandes ◽  
Crisieli M. Tomeleri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Total Strength

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of whey protein (WP) supplementation on muscular strength, hypertrophy, and muscular quality in older women preconditioned to resistance training (RT). In a randomized, double-blind, and placebo (PLA)-controlled design, 31 older women (67.4 ± 4.0 years, 62.0 ± 6.9 kg, 155.9 ± 5.7 cm, and 25.5 ± 2.4 kg/m2) received either 35 g of WP (n = 15) or 35 g of PLA (n = 16) over a 12-week study period while performing an RT program three times a week. Dietary intake, one-repetition maximum test, and skeletal muscle mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were assessed before and after the intervention period. Both groups showed significant (p < .05) improvements in skeletal muscle mass and total strength, and the WP group realized greater increases (p < .05) in these measures compared with PLA (skeletal muscle mass: WP = +4.8% vs. PLA = +2.3%; strength: WP = +8.7% vs. PLA = +4.9%). Muscular quality increased (p < .05) in both groups (WP = +2.9% vs. PLA = +1.5%) without statistical differences (p > .05) noted between conditions. We conclude that WP supplementation in combination with RT induces higher increases in both strength and hypertrophy in older women preconditioned to RT.

The improvement in walking speed induced by resistance training is associated with increased muscular strength but not skeletal muscle mass in older women

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Santos ◽  
Alex S. Ribeiro ◽  
Brad J. Schoenfeld ◽  
Matheus A. Nascimento ◽  
Crisieli M. Tomeleri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Walking Speed

scholarly journals Dietary Protein Requirement Threshold and Micronutrients Profile in Healthy Older Women Based on Relative Skeletal Muscle Mass

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3076
Author(s):  
Praval Khanal ◽  
Lingxiao He ◽  
Hans Degens ◽  
Georgina K. Stebbings ◽  
Gladys L. Onambele-Pearson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake

Although multiple nutrients have shown protective effects with regard to preserving muscle function, the recommended amount of dietary protein and other nutrients profile on older adults for maintenance of high muscle mass is still debatable. The aims of this paper were to: (1) identify dietary differences between older women with low and high relative skeletal muscle mass, and (2) identify the minimal dietary protein intake associated with high relative skeletal muscle mass and test the threshold ability to determine an association with skeletal muscle phenotypes. Older women (n = 281; 70 ± 7 years, 65 ± 14 kg), with both low and high relative skeletal muscle mass groups, completed a food questionnaire. Skeletal muscle mass, fat-free mass (FFM), biceps brachii thickness, vastus lateralis anatomical cross-sectional area (VLACSA), handgrip strength (HGS), maximum elbow flexion torque (MVCEF), maximum knee extension torque (MVCKE), muscle quality (HGS/Body mass), and fat mass were measured. Older women with low relative skeletal muscle mass had a lower daily intake of protein, iodine, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), Vit E, manganese, milk, fish, nuts and seeds (p < 0.05) compared to women with high relative skeletal muscle mass. The minimum required dietary protein intake for high relative skeletal muscle mass was 1.17 g/kg body mass/day (g/kg/d) (sensitivity: 0.68; specificity: 0.62). Women consuming ≥1.17 g/kg/d had a lower BMI (B = −3.9, p < 0.001) and fat mass (B = −7.8, p < 0.001), and a higher muscle quality (B = 0.06, p < 0.001). The data indicate that to maintain muscle mass and function, older women should consume ≥1.17 g/kg/d dietary protein, through a varied diet including milk, fish and nuts that also contain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and micronutrients such as iodine, Vit E and manganese.

771-P: Protein Intake at Breakfast Contributes to Maintenance of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Japanese Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 771-P
Author(s):  
SODAI KUBOTA ◽  
HITOSHI KUWATA ◽  
SAKI OKAMOTO ◽  
DAISUKE YABE ◽  
KENTA MUROTANI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
P Protein ◽  
Japanese Elderly

scholarly journals Body composition and energy intake — skeletal muscle mass is the strongest predictor of food intake in obese adolescents: The HEARTY trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jameason D. Cameron ◽  
Ronald J. Sigal ◽  
Glen P. Kenny ◽  
Angela S. Alberga ◽  
Denis Prud’homme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Obese Adolescents

There has been renewed interest in examining the relationship between specific components of energy expenditure and the overall influence on energy intake (EI). The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis was to determine the strongest metabolic and anthropometric predictors of EI. It was hypothesized that resting metabolic rate (RMR) and skeletal muscle mass would be the strongest predictors of EI in a sample of overweight and obese adolescents. 304 post-pubertal adolescents (91 boys, 213 girls) aged 16.1 (±1.4) years with body mass index at or above the 95th percentile for age and sex OR at or above the 85th percentile plus an additional diabetes risk factor were measured for body weight, RMR (kcal/day) by indirect calorimetry, body composition by magnetic resonance imaging (fat free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass, fat mass (FM), and percentage body fat), and EI (kcal/day) using 3 day food records. Body weight, RMR, FFM, skeletal muscle mass, and FM were all significantly correlated with EI (p < 0.005). After adjusting the model for age, sex, height, and physical activity, only FFM (β = 21.9, p = 0.007) and skeletal muscle mass (β = 25.8, p = 0.02) remained as significant predictors of EI. FFM and skeletal muscle mass also predicted dietary protein and fat intake (p < 0.05), but not carbohydrate intake. In conclusion, with skeletal muscle mass being the best predictor of EI, our results support the hypothesis that the magnitude of the body’s lean tissue is related to absolute levels of EI in a sample of inactive adolescents with obesity.

scholarly journals Skeletal muscle mass and the reduction ofV˙o 2 max in trained older subjects

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 1411-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Proctor ◽  
Michael J. Joyner
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Active Muscle ◽  
Older Subjects

Proctor, David N., and Michael J. Joyner. Skeletal muscle mass and the reduction ofV˙o 2 max in trained older subjects. J. Appl. Physiol.82(5): 1411–1415, 1997.—The role of skeletal muscle mass in the age-associated decline in maximal O2 uptake (V˙o 2 max) is poorly defined because of confounding changes in muscle oxidative capacity and in body fat and the difficulty of quantifying active muscle mass during exercise. We attempted to clarify these issues by examining the relationship between several indexes of muscle mass, as estimated by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and treadmillV˙o 2 max in 32 chronically endurance-trained subjects from four groups ( n = 8/group): young men (20–30 yr), older men (56–72 yr), young women (19–31 yr), and older women (51–72 yr).V˙o 2 max per kilogram body mass was 26 and 22% lower in the older men (45.9 vs. 62.0 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) and older women (40.0 vs. 51.5 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1). These age differences were reduced to 14 and 13%, respectively, whenV˙o 2 max was expressed per kilogram of appendicular muscle. When appropriately adjusted for age and gender differences in appendicular muscle mass by analysis of covariance, whole bodyV˙o 2 max was 0.50 ± 0.09 l/min less ( P < 0.001) in the older subjects. This effect was similar in both genders. These findings suggest that the reducedV˙o 2 max seen in highly trained older men and women relative to their younger counterparts is due, in part, to a reduced aerobic capacity per kilogram of active muscle independent of age-associated changes in body composition, i.e., replacement of muscle tissue by fat. Because skeletal muscle adaptations to endurance training can be well maintained in older subjects, the reduced aerobic capacity per kilogram of muscle likely results from age-associated reductions in maximal O2 delivery (cardiac output and/or muscle blood flow).

scholarly journals Combining Amino Acid and Vitamin D Supplementation with Exercise Training Increases Skeletal Muscle Mass and Prevent Bone Mineral Density Loss in Participants with Low Muscle Mass

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Ha Cao Thi Thu ◽  
Satoshi Kurose ◽  
Yaeko Fukushima ◽  
Nana Takao ◽  
Natsuko Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Supplement Group

This study evaluated the impact of exercise training with amino acid and vitamin D supplementation on muscle and bone mass in participants with low muscle volume. Twenty-nine Japanese participants (56-84 years old) were enrolled and assigned into the supplement (n=15) and non-supplement (n=14) groups. All participants underwent a 6-month exercise program. Supplements and nutrition support were provided to the participants in the supplement group for 12 weeks. Body composition and whole bone mineral density (BMD) were measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The outcomes, including body composition, whole BMD, and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), were evaluated twice: pre- and post-intervention. The SMI was 6.51(6.28; 7.14) and 5.58 (5.24; 6.05) (kg/m2) in men and women, respectively. The average SMI change was 0.13% (-0.05%; 0.31%) and 2.33% (-0.88%; 5.48%); [mean (lower; upper quartile)]. The average BMD loss in the non-supplement group was -2.78%, and the BMD increased in the supplement group by 4.34%; there was an absolute difference between the two groups (p<0.05). After the intervention, serum myostatin was changed (p=0.001, non-supplement>supplement), serum vitamin D was increased (p=0.03; supplement>non-supplement), and BMD was maintained (p=0.03, supplement>non-supplement). There was a significant difference in the serum myostatin level at baseline and at 6-month in the non-supplement group, with a mean difference of 483.78 ng/ml (p=0.01). There was no significant improvement in the total lean mass, and handgrip strength. Resistance exercise combined with an amino acid supplement affects muscle and bone mass in the short-term intervention.

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