scholarly journals Changes in total and segmental bioelectrical resistance are correlated with whole-body and segmental changes in lean soft tissue following a resistance training intervention

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant M. Tinsley ◽  
Patrick S. Harty ◽  
M. Lane Moore ◽  
Jozo Grgic ◽  
Analiza M. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Phase Angle ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Body Segment

Abstract Background Raw bioelectrical values can be used to assess physiological outcomes, though limited information is available concerning the relationships between changes in these values and changes in other variables of interest. Methods This investigation quantified the relationships between total and segmental changes in raw bioelectrical variables (i.e., resistance, reactance, and phase angle) and corresponding whole-body and segmental changes in independently assessed body composition. Resistance-trained females (n = 31, body mass index: 22.8 ± 2.6 kg/m2, body fat: 28 ± 6%) completed eight weeks of supervised resistance training. Before and after the intervention, body composition was assessed via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (GE® Lunar Prodigy), and raw bioelectrical variables were assessed via 8-point multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (Seca® mBCA 515/514) at 19 frequencies ranging from 1 to 1000 kHz. Results Lean soft tissue of the whole body (+ 3.2% [2.1, 4.4]; mean [95% confidence interval]) and each body segment (+ 2.8 to 6.3%) increased as a result of the intervention. Group-level changes in total (− 2.4% [− 5.2, 0.3]) and segmental fat mass were not statistically significant. Significant decreases in total resistance (− 2.1% [− 3.7, − 0.6] at 50 kHz) and increases in phase angle (+ 4.2% [2.5, 5.9] at 50 kHz) were observed, with minimal changes in reactance and varying changes in segmental values. Moderate to strong negative correlations (0.63 ≤ |r| ≤ 0.83, p ≤ 0.001) were found between changes in lean soft tissue and changes in resistance for the whole body, trunk, and arms. No significant correlations were identified between changes in fat mass or bone mineral content and changes in any bioelectrical variable. Conclusions Total and segmental changes in resistance were associated with corresponding total and segmental changes in lean soft tissue following a resistance training intervention, while fewer associations were identified between changes in other bioelectrical parameters (i.e., reactance and phase angle) and body composition variables (e.g., fat mass and bone mineral content). Measurement frequency and body segment appeared to influence the presence and strength relationships between bioelectrical and body composition variables. These findings suggest that researchers and practitioners utilizing bioimpedance technology may benefit from examining raw resistance values to enhance detection of physiological adaptations to exercise interventions.

scholarly journals The Multicomponent Anthropometric Model for Assessing Body Composition in a Male Pediatric Population: A Simultaneous Prediction of Fat Mass, Bone Mineral Content, and Lean Soft Tissue

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalmo Machado ◽  
Sérgio Oikawa ◽  
Valdir Barbanti
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Validation Parameters

The aim of this study was to propose and cross-validate an anthropometric model for the simultaneous estimation of fat mass (FM), bone mineral content (BMC), and lean soft tissue (LST) using DXA as the reference method. A total of 408 boys (8–18 years) were included in this sample. Whole-body FM, BMC, and LST were measured by DXA and considered as dependent variables. Independent variables included thirty-two anthropometrics measurements and maturity offset determined by the Mirwald equation. From a multivariate regression model , a matrix analysis was performed resulting in a multicomponent anthropometric model. The cross-validation was executed through the sum of squares of residuals (PRESS) method. Five anthropometric variables predicted simultaneously FM, BMC, and LST. Cross-validation parameters indicated that the new model is accurate with high values ranging from 0.94 to 0.98 and standard error of estimate ranging from 0.01 to 0.09. The newly proposed model represents an alternative to accurately assess the body composition in male pediatric ages.

scholarly journals Effects of DHA-Rich n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and/or Resistance Training on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Overweight and Obese Post-Menopausal Women

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2465
Author(s):  
Elisa Félix-Soriano ◽  
Alejandro Martínez-Gayo ◽  
María José Cobo ◽  
Adriana Pérez-Chávez ◽  
Javier Ibáñez-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Pufa Supplementation

Resistance training (RT) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) supplementation have emerged as strategies to improve muscle function in older adults. Overweight/obese postmenopausal women (55–70 years) were randomly allocated to one of four experimental groups, receiving placebo (olive oil) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich n-3 PUFA supplementation alone or in combination with a supervised RT-program for 16 weeks. At baseline and at end of the trial, body composition, anthropometrical measures, blood pressure and serum glucose and lipid biomarkers were analyzed. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and strength tests were also performed. All groups exhibit a similar moderate reduction in body weight and fat mass, but the RT-groups maintained bone mineral content, increased upper limbs lean mass, decreased lower limbs fat mass, and increased muscle strength and quality compared to untrained-groups. The RT-program also improved glucose tolerance (lowering the OGTT incremental area under the curve). The DHA-rich supplementation lowered diastolic blood pressure and circulating triglycerides and increased muscle quality in lower limbs. In conclusion, 16-week RT-program improved segmented body composition, bone mineral content, and glucose tolerance, while the DHA-rich supplement had beneficial effects on cardiovascular health markers in overweight/obese postmenopausal women. No synergistic effects were observed for DHA supplementation and RT-program combination.

scholarly journals Diabetes during Pregnancy Does Not Alter Whole Body Bone Mineral Content in Infants

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (12) ◽  
pp. 3993-3997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Lapillonne ◽  
Sophie Guerin ◽  
Pierre Braillon ◽  
Olivier Claris ◽  
Pierre D. Delmas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diabetic Mothers ◽  
Body Bone

A previous study using single photon absorptiometry has reported low bone mineral density of the radius in infants of diabetic mothers. The aim of this study was to assess by dual x-ray absorptiometry the whole body bone mineral content (WbBMC) and the body composition of 40 infants of diabetic mothers at birth (mean gestational age ± sd, 37.5 ± 1.3 weeks; mean birth weight ± sd, 3815 ± 641 g). WbBMC was not correlated with gestational age, but was well correlated with birth weight (r = 0.73; P = 0.0001) and also with fat mass (r = 0.87; P = 0.0001) and lean mass (r = 0.42; P = 0.008). The z-scores ± sd adjusted for weight for WbBMC and fat mass were significantly increased (1.3 ± 0.9 and 2.6 ± 1.3, respectively (P < 0.0001), but were not significantly influenced either by in utero growth or by the type of the diabetes mellitus of the mother. Bone mineralization and fat mass studied by whole body dual x-ray absorptiometry are increased at birth in these infants compared with reference curves.

scholarly journals Effects of Resistance Training and Soy Isoflavone on Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Lera Orsatti ◽  
Eliana Aguiar Petri Nahas ◽  
Jorge Nahas-Neto ◽  
Nailza Maesta ◽  
Cláudio Lera Orsatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Soy Isoflavone

Objective. To investigate the independent and additive effects of resistance training (RT) and soy isoflavone (ISO) on body composition in postmenopausal women (PW).Method. This study used a placebo-controlled, double-blind (soy), randomized (ISO versus placebo) × (RT versus No RT) design. A total of 80 PW, aged 45–70 years, were randomly (71 completed 9-months intervention): RT + ISO (n=15), No RT + ISO (n=20), RT + placebo (n=18), and No RT + placebo (n=18). ISO received 100 mg a day of isoflavone; and to RT attended supervised resistance training sessions. At baseline and 9-months, fat and muscle mass were estimated by DXA. ANOVA and testtwere used.Results. RT groups showed significantly increased muscle strength (35.2%) and muscle mass (1.4%). Exercising attenuated gains in fat trunk and % body fat (P<.05). Significant decreases in muscle mass (−1.8%) and increases in fat mass of the whole-body (1.6%) and trunk (9.7%) was found in no-RT groups (P<.05). In ISO groups, there were no differences in body composition and muscle strength. ISO and RT had no additive effects.Conclusion. In PW: RT improved muscle mass and strength and attenuated gain of fat mass; ISO did not alter body composition and muscle strength; there were no additive effects of RT and ISO.

scholarly journals Relation of Serum 25(OH)-Vitamin D to Fat Mass and Lean Mass, Bone Mineral Content and Body Composition in Adults – a DXA-Based Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
M. G. Nikolova ◽  
A. B. Penkov ◽  
M. A. Boyanov
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D

Abstract Obesity has been linked with vitamin D deficiency in a number of cross-sectional studies, reviews and meta-analyses. The aim of the present study was to assess the correlations of plasma 25(OH) vitamin D levels with indices of body composition examined by DXA with an emphasis on lean and bone mass as well as on indices such as android/gynoid fat, appendicular lean mass, fat-mass indexes (FMI) and fat-free mass indexes (FFMI). 62 adult subjects consented to participate – 27 men (43.5%) and 35 women (56.5%). Their mean age was 45.3 ± 9.5 years. Fan-beam dual-energy X-ray (DXA) body composition analysis was performed on a Lunar Prodigy Pro bone densitometer with software version 12.30. Vitamin D was measured by electro-hemi-luminescent detection as 25(OH) D Total (ECLIA, Elecsys 2010 analyzer, Roche Diagnostics). Statistical analyses were done using the SPSS 23.0 statistical package. The serum 25(OH)D level was correlated significantly only to the whole body bone mineral content, the appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) and the ALM-to-BMI index, underlining a predominant role for lean and fat-free mass. Vitamin D showed a very weak correlation to % Body Fat and the Fat Mass Index (FMI) in men only. Moreover, the multiple regression equation including the associated parameters could explain only 7% of the variation in the serum 25(OH) D levels. Our conclusion was, that there are differences in the associations of the vitamin D levels with the different body composition indices, but these associations are generally very weak and therefore – negligible.

scholarly journals Creatine Enhances the Effects of Cluster-Set Resistance Training on Lower-Limb Body Composition and Strength in Resistance-Trained Men: A Pilot Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2303
Author(s):  
Diego A. Bonilla ◽  
Richard B. Kreider ◽  
Jorge L. Petro ◽  
Ramón Romance ◽  
Manuel García-Sillero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cluster Set

Creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation has been shown to improve body composition and muscle strength when combined with resistance training (RT); however, no study has evaluated the combination of this nutritional strategy with cluster-set resistance training (CS-RT). The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of CrM supplementation during a high-protein diet and a CS-RT program on lower-limb fat-free mass (LL-FFM) and muscular strength. Twenty-three resistance-trained men (>2 years of training experience, 26.6 ± 8.1 years, 176.3 ± 6.8 cm, 75.6 ± 8.9 kg) participated in this study. Subjects were randomly allocated to a CS-RT+CrM (n = 8), a CS-RT (n = 8), or a control group (n = 7). The CS-RT+CrM group followed a CrM supplementation protocol with 0.1 g·kg−1·day−1 over eight weeks. Two sessions per week of lower-limb CS-RT were performed. LL-FFM corrected for fat-free adipose tissue (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and muscle strength (back squat 1 repetition maximum (SQ-1RM) and countermovement jump (CMJ)) were measured pre- and post-intervention. Significant improvements were found in whole-body fat mass, fat percentage, LL-fat mass, LL-FFM, and SQ-1RM in the CS-RT+CrM and CS-RT groups; however, larger effect sizes were obtained in the CS-RT+CrM group regarding whole body FFM (0.64 versus 0.16), lower-limb FFM (0.62 versus 0.18), and SQ-1RM (1.23 versus 0.75) when compared to the CS-RT group. CMJ showed a significant improvement in the CS-RT+CrM group with no significant changes in CS-RT or control groups. No significant differences were found between groups. Eight weeks of CrM supplementation plus a high-protein diet during a CS-RT program has a higher clinical meaningfulness on lower-limb body composition and strength-related variables in trained males than CS-RT alone. Further research might study the potential health and therapeutic effects of this nutrition and exercise strategy.

scholarly journals Regional body composition changes in women after 6 months of periodized physical training

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 2251-2259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley C. Nindl ◽  
Everett A. Harman ◽  
James O. Marx ◽  
Lincoln A. Gotshalk ◽  
Peter N. Frykman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mass Measurements ◽  
Regional Body Composition ◽  
Composition Changes

Data are lacking regarding regional morphological changes among women after prolonged physical training. This study employed dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to assess changes in whole body and regional (i.e., trunk, legs, arms) fat mass, lean mass, and bone mineral content body composition adaptations in 31 healthy women pre-, mid-, and post-6 mo of periodized physical training. These results were compared with those of 1) a control group of women who had not undergone the training program and were assessed pre- and post-6 mo and 2) a group of 18 men that was tested only once. Additionally, magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess changes in muscle morphology of the thigh in a subset of 11 members of the training group. Physical training consisted of a combination of aerobic and resistance exercise in which the subjects engaged for 5 days/wk for 24 wk. Overall, the training group experienced a 2.2% decrease, a 10% decrease, and a 2.2% increase for body mass, fat mass, and soft tissue lean mass, respectively. No changes in bone mineral content were detected. The women had less of their soft tissue lean mass distributed in their arms than did the men, both before and after the women were trained. Novel to this study were the striking differences in the responses in the tissue composition of the arms (31% loss in fat mass but no change in lean mass) compared with the legs (5.5% gain in lean mass but no change in fat mass). There was a 12% fat loss in the trunk with no change in soft tissue lean mass. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging fat mass measurements showed good agreement ( r = 0.72–0.92); their lean mass measurements were similar as well, showing ∼5.5% increases in leg lean tissue. These findings show the importance of considering regional body composition changes, rather than whole body changes alone when assessing the effects of a periodized physical training program.

scholarly journals Strength training combined with plyometric jumps in adults: sex differences in fat-bone axis adaptations

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 1100-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Guadalupe-Grau ◽  
J. Perez-Gomez ◽  
H. Olmedillas ◽  
J. Chavarren ◽  
C. Dorado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Serum Osteocalcin ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Serum Leptin

Leptin and osteocalcin play a role in the regulation of the fat-bone axis and may be altered by exercise. To determine whether osteocalcin reduces fat mass in humans fed ad libitum and if there is a sex dimorphism in the serum osteocalcin and leptin responses to strength training, we studied 43 male (age 23.9 2.4 yr, mean ± SD) and 23 female physical education students (age 23.2 ± 2.7 yr). Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: training (TG) and control (CG). TG followed a strength combined with plyometric jumps training program during 9 wk, whereas the CG did not train. Physical fitness, body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and serum concentrations of hormones were determined pre- and posttraining. In the whole group of subjects (pretraining), the serum concentration of osteocalcin was positively correlated ( r = 0.29–0.42, P < 0.05) with whole body and regional bone mineral content, lean mass, dynamic strength, and serum-free testosterone concentration ( r = 0.32). However, osteocalcin was negatively correlated with leptin concentration ( r = −0.37), fat mass ( r = −0.31), and the percent body fat ( r = −0.44). Both sexes experienced similar relative improvements in performance, lean mass (+4–5%), and whole body (+0.78%) and lumbar spine bone mineral content (+1.2–2%) with training. Serum osteocalcin concentration was increased after training by 45 and 27% in men and women, respectively ( P < 0.05). Fat mass was not altered by training. Vastus lateralis type II MHC composition at the start of the training program predicted 25% of the osteocalcin increase after training. Serum leptin concentration was reduced with training in women. In summary, while the relative effects of strength training plus plyometric jumps in performance, muscle hypertrophy, and osteogenesis are similar in men and women, serum leptin concentration is reduced only in women. The osteocalcin response to strength training is, in part, modulated by the muscle phenotype (MHC isoform composition). Despite the increase in osteocalcin, fat mass was not reduced.

scholarly journals Influence of exclusive resistance training on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight and obese children and adolescents: A systematic review update

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Dietz ◽  
Michael Ornik ◽  
Estelle Watson ◽  
Mireille Van Poppel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Training Intervention ◽  
Obese Children

Purpose: The aim of the present systematic review was to update a previous review, aiming at investigating the effects of exclusive resistance training on body composition and cardiovascular risk factors for obese or overweight children and adolescents and to report the efficiency of whole-body strength training in weight management and obesity prevention during adolescence. Method: Intervention studies that performed isolated resistance training with overweight or obese children and adolescents under 18 years of age were systematically reviewed. Body composition and cardiovascular risk factors constituted as the outcome measurements. Results: Five studies passed the inclusion criteria. All participants in treatment groups undertook supervised whole-body resistance training. The mean compliance was 87%. Four studies reported significant changes in body composition, with a decrease in mass, percentage body fat, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio as well as a significant increase in fat free mass. Three studies analysed the effects on cardiovascular risk factors and two reported significant changes with a decrease in systolic blood pressure and IL-6 as well as a significant increase in adiponectin. Conclusion: A strength training intervention appears safe and tends to show positive effects for obese adolescents. Several significant changes were observed. A lack of studies and a small sample size of participants conducting an isolated strength training intervention made a safe interpretation difficult. Due to this, more studies are needed to analyse the role of exclusive resistance training in weight management for obese adolescents and its influence on cardiovascular risk factors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document