Effects of Immobilization Stress on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in the Conscious Rat

Immobilization stress of conscious, normotensive, freely breathing 10-month-old Wistar-Kyoto rats produced an overall decline in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), as measured with [14C]iodoantipyrine, except at the frontal lobe. In 14 brain regions, rCBF fell by an average of 14.3% after 5 min of immobilization and by 11.9% after 15 min. Immobilization stress also stimulated hyperventilation and thereby reduced Paco2. The slope relating rCBF to Paco2 averaged 1.5 ml 100 g−1 min−1 mm Hg−1 in 9 significantly affected regions. The findings suggest that rCBF declines during immobilization stress because of cerebrovascular constriction caused by a reduction in Paco2. Comparison of the average slope with published values indicates furthermore that were Paco2 to remain unchanged during immobilization, rCBF would increase by at most 20%.

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Effects of temperature and anoxia on regional cerebral blood flow in turtles

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1992.262.3.r538 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 262 (3) ◽

pp. R538-R541

Author(s):

P. E. Bickler

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Platinum Electrodes ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood ◽

Blood Flows ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Hydrogen Clearance

Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured in isoflurane-anesthetized turtles (Pseudemys scripta) by the hydrogen clearance method. Teflon-coated platinum electrodes (25 microns) were implanted in the olfactory bulbs, midcerebral cortex and cerebellum in eight adult turtles. The electrodes were voltage clamped at +0.30 V relative to a Ag-AgCl electrode implanted in the dorsal neck muscles. Washout kinetics of H2 gas administered via controlled ventilation was used to calculate local blood flow for electrodes exhibiting monoexponential washout kinetics of hydrogen (92 of 104 determinations). Data were obtained in animals with body temperatures of 15, 25, and 35 degrees C under normocapnic conditions during ventilation with 21% O2 and during ventilation with 100% N2. During normoxia, mean blood flows were 1.9 +/- 0.8, 5.0 +/- 1.9, and 6.1 +/- 1.3 (+/- SD) ml.100 g-1.min-1 at 15, 25, and 35 degrees C, respectively. There were no differences between CBF values in the different brain regions. During 1-3 h of anoxia, CBF was 3.0 +/- 2.1, 7.0 +/- 3.7, and 6.6 +/- 2.9 ml.100 g-1.min-1 at 15, 25, and 35 degrees C, respectively (normoxia-anoxia difference not statistically different). Hypercarbia (ventilation with 10-20% CO2 in air or N2), or the transition from anoxia to normoxia, increased CBF up to 80% at each of these temperatures. Maintenance of CBF during anoxia likely contributes to the anoxia tolerance of the turtle brain.

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Effects of tDCS Dose and Electrode Montage on regional cerebral blood flow and motor behavior

10.1101/2021.02.02.429369 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anant Shinde ◽

Karl Lerud ◽

Fanny Munsch ◽

David C Alsop ◽

Gottfried Schlaug

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood ◽

Left Hand ◽

Motor Region ◽

Left And Right ◽

The Right ◽

Sequence Performance

AbstractWe used three dose levels (Sham, 2mA and 4mA) and two different electrode montages (unihemispheric or bihemispheric) to examine DOSE and MONTAGE effects on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) as a surrogate marker of neural activity, and on a finger sequence task, as a surrogate behavioral measure drawing on brain regions targeted by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). We placed the anodal electrode over the right motor region (C4) while the cathodal or return electrode was placed either over a left supraorbital region (unihemispheric montage) or over the left motor region (C3 in the bihemispheric montage). Performance changes in the finger sequence task for both hands (left hand: p = 0.0026, and right hand: p = 0.0002) showed a linear tDCS dose response, but no effect of montage. rCBF in the the right hemispheric perirolandic area increased with dose under the anodal electrode (p = 0.027), while in the perirolandic ROI in the left hemisphere, rCBF showed a trend to increase with dose (p = 0.053), and significant effect of montage (p = 0.00004). The bihemispheric montage showed additional rCBF increases in frontomesial regions in the 4mA condition but not in the 2mA condition. Furthermore, we found correlations between rCBF changes in the right perirolandic region and improvements in the finger sequence task performance (FSP) for left and right hand. Our data support not only a strong direct tDCS dose effect for rCBF and FSP as surrogate measures of targeted brain regions, but also indirect effects on rCBF in functionally connected regions (e.g., frontomesial regions), particularly in the higher dose condition, and on FSP of the ipsilateral hand (to the anodal electrode). At higher dose and irrespective of polarity, a wider network of sensorimotor regions is positively affected by tDCS.Graphical AbstractHighlightstDCS-DOSE had linear effect on finger sequence performance for both handsrCBF changes in both perirolandic ROIs demonstrated tDCS-DOSE effects and left perirolandic ROI demonstrated tDCS-MONTAGE effects.Simulated current intensity in the left and right perirolandic ROI strongly correlated with the contralateral hand’s finger sequence performance.tDCS-Tolerability scores did not correlate with change in rCBF or finger sequence performance of the left hand.

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Effects of route of administration on oxytocin-induced changes in regional cerebral blood flow in humans

10.1101/563056 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. A. Martins ◽

N. Mazibuko ◽

F. Zelaya ◽

S. Vasilakopoulou ◽

J. Loveridge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Systemic Circulation ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood ◽

Intranasal Route ◽

Brain Physiology ◽

Induced Changes ◽

Robust Evidence

ABSTRACTCould nose-to-brain pathways mediate the effects of peptides such as oxytocin (OT) on brain physiology when delivered intranasally? We address this question by contrasting two methods of intranasal administration (a standard nasal spray, and a nebulizer expected to improve OT deposition in nasal areas putatively involved in direct nose-to-brain transport) to intravenous administration in terms of effects on regional cerebral blood flow during two hours post-dosing. We demonstrate that OT-induced decreases in amygdala perfusion, a key hub of the OT central circuitry, are explained entirely by OT increases in systemic circulation following both intranasal and intravenous OT administration. Yet we also provide robust evidence confirming the validity of the intranasal route to target specific brain regions. Our work has important translational implications and demonstrates the need to carefully consider the method of administration in our efforts to engage specific central oxytocinergic targets for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.

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Effect of hypoxia and hypercapnia on neurohypophyseal blood flow

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1986.250.1.h7 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 250 (1) ◽

pp. H7-H15

Author(s):

D. F. Hanley ◽

D. A. Wilson ◽

R. J. Traystman

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Regulatory Mechanisms ◽

Similar Increase ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood ◽

Pressure Controlled

Neurohypophyseal blood flow responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia were studied in pentobarbital anesthetized, paralyzed dogs. Arterial O2 content was lowered from control (18 +/- 2 vol%) to 8 +/- 1 vol% by either decreasing O2 tension (hypoxic hypoxia, HH) or by increasing carboxyhemoglobin saturation (carbon monoxide hypoxia, COH) at normal O2 tension. In all animals HH and COH resulted in similar increases in total cerebral blood flow (239 and 300%, respectively). Regional cerebral blood flow showed a similar increase for all brain regions except the neurohypophysis (NH). The NH increased its blood flow with HH (approximately 320% of control) but was unchanged with COH (117% of control). The responsiveness of NH blood vessels was tested under conditions of hypercapnia (10% CO2) and HH with blood pressure controlled by concurrent hemorrhage. The response of NH vessels to altered arterial O2 tension occurs independently of blood pressure. Systemic [H+] or CO2 tension produce only small changes in NH blood flow. These data suggest that hypoxic and hypercapnic regulatory mechanisms for the NH are different from those of other brain regions. The precise mechanism by which the NH hypoxic response occurs remains unclear, but our data suggest an important role for systemic arterial O2 tension and chemoreceptors.

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Frontal lobe degeneration of non-Alzheimer type. III. Regional cerebral blood flow

Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics ◽

10.1016/0167-4943(87)90023-9 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 225-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Jarl Risberg

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Frontal Lobe ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood ◽

Alzheimer Type ◽

Type Iii

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A-87 Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Self-Reported Somatic Anxiety

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acab062.105 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 1134-1134

Author(s):

Bailey E McDonald ◽

Samantha C Spagna ◽

Brittany D Parker ◽

Charles Golden ◽

Kristen Willeumier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Frontal Lobe ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Frontal Lobes ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood ◽

Anxiety Group ◽

Somatic Anxiety ◽

Clinical Measures

Abstract Objective To identify regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) differences between individuals who self-reported either low or high symptoms of somatic anxiety. Method Individuals who reported low levels of somatic anxiety (0-20th percentile;n = 8962,Mage = 39.2,39.2% female,62.6% Caucasian) and individuals who reported high levels of somatic anxiety (80-100th percentile;n = 6427,Mage = 40.9,39.0% female,69.5% Caucasian) were selected from a deidentified adult clinical outpatient database. Those with comorbid diagnoses were included. Significant differences (alpha = 0.001) were found for age [t(15387) = 6.3], and race [χ2(15) = 119.4] between groups and therefore were controlled. Results Significant rCBF differences were noted bilaterally in the frontal lobe [left: F(1,15,384) = 16.4; right: F(1,15,384) = 13.2] and motor-sensory strip [left: F(1,15,384) = 4.3; right: F(1,15,384) = 5.1]. Group means comparisons indicated higher perfusion in the frontal lobe of the high levels of somatic anxiety group. Lower perfusion was found in the motor sensory strip of the high levels of somatic anxiety group. No significant differences were found bilaterally in the cerebellum, limbic system, basal ganglia, vermis, or occipital, parietal, or temporal lobes. Conclusion Results indicated that individuals who report higher levels of somatic anxiety have higher perfusion in the frontal lobes and lower perfusion motor-sensory strip. Previous literature SPECT studies have found a link between individuals with panic disorder and increased activity in the right medial and superior frontal lobes. No research was found for anxiety in the motor-sensory strip. Limitations included the reliance on self-report measures of anxiety in place of clinical measures and the potential mediating effect of medication on somatic symptoms. Future research should examine perfusion in the motor-sensory strip, use clinical measures of anxiety, and control for mediation use.

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Effects of Fructose vs Glucose on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Brain Regions Involved With Appetite and Reward Pathways

JAMA ◽

10.1001/jama.2012.116975 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 309 (1) ◽

pp. 63 ◽

Cited By ~ 218

Author(s):

Kathleen A. Page ◽

Owen Chan ◽

Jagriti Arora ◽

Renata Belfort-DeAguiar ◽

James Dzuira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood ◽

Reward Pathways

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Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Conscious Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1038/jcbfm.1984.13 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 103-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Kent Fredriksson ◽

Martin Ingvar ◽

Barbro B. Johansson

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Arterial Pressure ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Brain Structures ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood ◽

Hypertensive Rats ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽

Cerebrovascular Resistance ◽

Wistar Kyoto

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured autoradiographically with [14C]iodoantipyrine as a diffusible tracer in two strains of conscious normotensive rats (Wistar Kyoto and local Wistar) and in two groups of spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRSP) with a mean arterial pressure (MAP) below or above 200 mm Hg. In spite of the large differences in arterial pressure, rCBF did not differ significantly between the hypertensive and the normotensive groups in any of the 14 specified brain structures measured. However, rCBF increased asymmetrically within part of the caudate-putamen in two of nine SHRSP with a MAP above 200 mm Hg, indicating a regional drop in the elevated cerebrovascular resistance.

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