scholarly journals Effects of tDCS Dose and Electrode Montage on regional cerebral blood flow and motor behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anant Shinde ◽  
Karl Lerud ◽  
Fanny Munsch ◽  
David C Alsop ◽  
Gottfried Schlaug
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Motor Region ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sequence Performance

AbstractWe used three dose levels (Sham, 2mA and 4mA) and two different electrode montages (unihemispheric or bihemispheric) to examine DOSE and MONTAGE effects on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) as a surrogate marker of neural activity, and on a finger sequence task, as a surrogate behavioral measure drawing on brain regions targeted by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). We placed the anodal electrode over the right motor region (C4) while the cathodal or return electrode was placed either over a left supraorbital region (unihemispheric montage) or over the left motor region (C3 in the bihemispheric montage). Performance changes in the finger sequence task for both hands (left hand: p = 0.0026, and right hand: p = 0.0002) showed a linear tDCS dose response, but no effect of montage. rCBF in the the right hemispheric perirolandic area increased with dose under the anodal electrode (p = 0.027), while in the perirolandic ROI in the left hemisphere, rCBF showed a trend to increase with dose (p = 0.053), and significant effect of montage (p = 0.00004). The bihemispheric montage showed additional rCBF increases in frontomesial regions in the 4mA condition but not in the 2mA condition. Furthermore, we found correlations between rCBF changes in the right perirolandic region and improvements in the finger sequence task performance (FSP) for left and right hand. Our data support not only a strong direct tDCS dose effect for rCBF and FSP as surrogate measures of targeted brain regions, but also indirect effects on rCBF in functionally connected regions (e.g., frontomesial regions), particularly in the higher dose condition, and on FSP of the ipsilateral hand (to the anodal electrode). At higher dose and irrespective of polarity, a wider network of sensorimotor regions is positively affected by tDCS.Graphical AbstractHighlightstDCS-DOSE had linear effect on finger sequence performance for both handsrCBF changes in both perirolandic ROIs demonstrated tDCS-DOSE effects and left perirolandic ROI demonstrated tDCS-MONTAGE effects.Simulated current intensity in the left and right perirolandic ROI strongly correlated with the contralateral hand’s finger sequence performance.tDCS-Tolerability scores did not correlate with change in rCBF or finger sequence performance of the left hand.

Left-right cortical asymmetries of regional cerebral blood flow during listening to words

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Nishizawa ◽  
T. S. Olsen ◽  
B. Larsen ◽  
N. A. Lassen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Sound Discrimination ◽  
Listening Task ◽  
The Right ◽  
Verbal Stimulation

1. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured during rest and during listening to simple words. The xenon-133 intracarotid technique was used and results were obtained from 254 regions of seven right hemispheres and seven left hemispheres. The measurements were performed just after carotid angiography, carried out to exclude space occupying lesions. In all subjects the angiogram was normal. All were right handed. 2. Mean hemispheric blood flow of both left and right hemispheres increased 10% from the resting measurement during the listening task. This increase was due in part to activation of the entire hemisphere. The focal rCBF increases were localized to the superior part of the temporal regions, the prefrontal regions, the frontal eye fields, and the orbitofrontal regions. Significant asymmetries were found in particular in the superior temporal region with the left side showing a more widespread and intense increase, averaging 29% as compared to 18% on the right side. This left-sided dominance during verbal stimulation should be compared to the right-sided dominance of rCBF during nonverbal sound discrimination reported by Roland et al. (25, 26), who used precisely the same technique as in the present study.

Regional cerebral blood flow patterns of change following the own body image exposure in eating disorders: A longitudinal study

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Rodriguez-Cano ◽  
Luis Beato-Fernandez ◽  
Inmaculada Garcia-Vilches ◽  
Ana Garcia-Vicente ◽  
Victor Poblete-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Temporal Area ◽  
The Right

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study is to see if the changes in the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) experienced by restrictive anorexia nervosa (AR) and bulimia nervosa (BN) patients, following the exposure to their own body image, persist at follow-up.MethodsThree single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were performed on nine patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of AR, 13 with BP, and 12 controls: at rest, following a neutral stimulus, and after exposure to their previously filmed whole body image. Body dissatisfaction was measured by means of the Body Dissatisfaction Questionnaire (BSQ). One year later the same assessment was repeated.ResultsFollowing the exposure to their own body image, BN showed an increase in body dissatisfaction, which was associated with the increase in the rCBF of the Right Temporal Area. Those changes persisted at follow-up.DiscussionMore specific long term therapies are needed for the treatment of the averse response showed by ED patients to their own body image exposure that is associated with the hyperactivation of the right temporal area when they are confronted with their whole body image.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effects of Intravenous Papaverine Hydrochloride and Oral Pavabid HP Capsulets on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Normal Individuals

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence C. McHenry ◽  
David A. Stump ◽  
George Howard ◽  
Thomas T. Novack ◽  
Don H. Bivins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Papaverine Hydrochloride

A single-blind study was conducted in 13 right-handed normal male subjects to compare the effects of oral and i.v. papaverine on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Six xenon-133 inhalation rCBF measurements were performed on each subject; three tests—baseline, placebo, and drug evaluations—were carried out on each of two separate days. The oral and i.v. drugs were randomized for first-day administration. rCBF, measured as flow gray (FG), increased significantly (p ≤ 0.001) from baseline with both drug forms. Increases of 10.53% and 13.94% (left and right hemispheres, respectively) were demonstrated 90 min after a single 600-mg dose of oral papaverine. Increases of 5.09% and 8.69%, respectively, were recorded immediately after a single 100-mg dose of i. v. papaverine. FG also increased significantly (p ≤ 0.001) for both drug forms when compared to that of placebo. Placebo produced only a slight increase (not significant) with both the oral and i.v. groups. The data show that both oral and i.v. papaverine are equally effective in increasing rCBF in normal subjects.

scholarly journals Regional Cerebral Blood Flow during Rest and Skilled Hand Movements by Xenon-133 Inhalation and Emission Computerized Tomography

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lauritzen ◽  
Leif Henriksen ◽  
Niels A. Lassen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Symmetric Pattern ◽  
Xenon 133 ◽  
The Right

Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was studied in 16 normal adult volunteers during rest and in 10 the study was repeated during skilled hand movements. A fast-rotating (“dynamic”), single-photon emission computerized tomograph (ECT) with four detector heads was used. Xenon-133 was inhaled over a 1-min period at a concentration of 10 mCi/L. The arrival and washout of the radioisotope was recorded during four 1-min periods. Two slices, 2 cm thick, 7 and 12 cm above the orbitomeatal line were obtained in every study. CBF averaged 60 ml/100 g/min (SD ± 11) in the lower slice and 51 ml/100 g/min (SD ± 13) in the upper slice. A symmetric pattern comparing right to left sides was found in both slices. Finger tapping and writing with the right hand increased CBF in specific areas of the upper slice: in the contralateral hand area by 35 ± 15% ( p < 0.025), and in the supplementary motor area on both sides by 34 ± 15% ( p < 0.025).

A-67 Measuring Regional Cerebral Blood Flow with Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1109
Author(s):  
Sophia G Perez ◽  
Bailey McDonald ◽  
Samantha Spagna ◽  
Charles J Golden ◽  
Kristen Willeumier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Limbic System ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
The Right

Abstract Objective To identify regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) differences between individuals with Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and healthy controls. Mehtods: Healthy controls (n = 81, Mage = 41.9, 53.0% female, 42.0% Caucasian) and persons diagnosed by psychiatric examination with OCD (n = 1020, Mage = 34.8, 33.6% female, 66.3% Caucasian) were selected from a deidentified adult clinical outpatient database. Those with comorbid diagnoses were included. Significant differences (alpha = 0.001) were found for age [t(1099) = −4.4], gender [χ2(2) = 25.7], and race [χ2(12) = 30.1] between groups and therefore were controlled for. Significant rCBF differences were noted in the cerebellum [left:F(1,1096) = 21.6; right:F(1,1096) = 18.3], limbic system [left:F(1,1096) = 12.2; right:F(1,1096) = 10.4], and basal ganglia [left:F(1,1096) = 18.6; right:F(1,1096) = 18.3]. Results Group means comparisons indicated higher perfusion in the cerebellum for the OCD group. Lower perfusion was found in the limbic system and basal ganglia in the OCD group. This study found higher perfusion in the cerebellum among the OCD group. Previous research found increased rCBF in the left cerebellum in OCD before pharmacotherapy. In the right cerebellum, increased rCBF was found among participants with early-onset OCD. Conclusion Overall, there is limited research on the cerebellum because of its use as a reference point. No research was found regarding the limbic system in OCD using SPECT; however, other neuroimaging found increased amygdala reactivity to emotional face stimuli. This study found lower perfusion in the basal ganglia among the OCD group. Previous research found hypoperfusion in the right; however, hypoperfusion in the left was not significant. Updated OCD and rCBF research with SPECT are needed. Limitations included the inclusion of comorbidities and use of DSM-IV-TR rather than DSM-5 diagnosis criteria.

Effects of temperature and anoxia on regional cerebral blood flow in turtles

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (3) ◽  
pp. R538-R541
Author(s):  
P. E. Bickler
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hydrogen Clearance

Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured in isoflurane-anesthetized turtles (Pseudemys scripta) by the hydrogen clearance method. Teflon-coated platinum electrodes (25 microns) were implanted in the olfactory bulbs, midcerebral cortex and cerebellum in eight adult turtles. The electrodes were voltage clamped at +0.30 V relative to a Ag-AgCl electrode implanted in the dorsal neck muscles. Washout kinetics of H2 gas administered via controlled ventilation was used to calculate local blood flow for electrodes exhibiting monoexponential washout kinetics of hydrogen (92 of 104 determinations). Data were obtained in animals with body temperatures of 15, 25, and 35 degrees C under normocapnic conditions during ventilation with 21% O2 and during ventilation with 100% N2. During normoxia, mean blood flows were 1.9 +/- 0.8, 5.0 +/- 1.9, and 6.1 +/- 1.3 (+/- SD) ml.100 g-1.min-1 at 15, 25, and 35 degrees C, respectively. There were no differences between CBF values in the different brain regions. During 1-3 h of anoxia, CBF was 3.0 +/- 2.1, 7.0 +/- 3.7, and 6.6 +/- 2.9 ml.100 g-1.min-1 at 15, 25, and 35 degrees C, respectively (normoxia-anoxia difference not statistically different). Hypercarbia (ventilation with 10-20% CO2 in air or N2), or the transition from anoxia to normoxia, increased CBF up to 80% at each of these temperatures. Maintenance of CBF during anoxia likely contributes to the anoxia tolerance of the turtle brain.

scholarly journals Effects of route of administration on oxytocin-induced changes in regional cerebral blood flow in humans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Martins ◽  
N. Mazibuko ◽  
F. Zelaya ◽  
S. Vasilakopoulou ◽  
J. Loveridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Intranasal Route ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Robust Evidence

ABSTRACTCould nose-to-brain pathways mediate the effects of peptides such as oxytocin (OT) on brain physiology when delivered intranasally? We address this question by contrasting two methods of intranasal administration (a standard nasal spray, and a nebulizer expected to improve OT deposition in nasal areas putatively involved in direct nose-to-brain transport) to intravenous administration in terms of effects on regional cerebral blood flow during two hours post-dosing. We demonstrate that OT-induced decreases in amygdala perfusion, a key hub of the OT central circuitry, are explained entirely by OT increases in systemic circulation following both intranasal and intravenous OT administration. Yet we also provide robust evidence confirming the validity of the intranasal route to target specific brain regions. Our work has important translational implications and demonstrates the need to carefully consider the method of administration in our efforts to engage specific central oxytocinergic targets for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Effect of hypoxia and hypercapnia on neurohypophyseal blood flow

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (1) ◽  
pp. H7-H15
Author(s):  
D. F. Hanley ◽  
D. A. Wilson ◽  
R. J. Traystman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Similar Increase ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Pressure Controlled

Neurohypophyseal blood flow responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia were studied in pentobarbital anesthetized, paralyzed dogs. Arterial O2 content was lowered from control (18 +/- 2 vol%) to 8 +/- 1 vol% by either decreasing O2 tension (hypoxic hypoxia, HH) or by increasing carboxyhemoglobin saturation (carbon monoxide hypoxia, COH) at normal O2 tension. In all animals HH and COH resulted in similar increases in total cerebral blood flow (239 and 300%, respectively). Regional cerebral blood flow showed a similar increase for all brain regions except the neurohypophysis (NH). The NH increased its blood flow with HH (approximately 320% of control) but was unchanged with COH (117% of control). The responsiveness of NH blood vessels was tested under conditions of hypercapnia (10% CO2) and HH with blood pressure controlled by concurrent hemorrhage. The response of NH vessels to altered arterial O2 tension occurs independently of blood pressure. Systemic [H+] or CO2 tension produce only small changes in NH blood flow. These data suggest that hypoxic and hypercapnic regulatory mechanisms for the NH are different from those of other brain regions. The precise mechanism by which the NH hypoxic response occurs remains unclear, but our data suggest an important role for systemic arterial O2 tension and chemoreceptors.

Effect of naloxone on regional cerebral blood flow during endotoxin shock in conscious rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (3) ◽  
pp. R425-R433
Author(s):  
W. R. Law ◽  
J. L. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Endotoxin Shock ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Large Share ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
The Right

Maintenance of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is vital during cardiovascular shock. Since opioids have been implicated in the pathophysiology of endotoxin shock and have been shown to alter cerebral perfusion patterns, we determined whether opioids were responsible for any of the changes in regional CBF observed during endotoxin shock and whether the use of naloxone might impair or aid in the maintenance of CBF. When blood flow (BF) is studied with microspheres in rats, the left ventricle of the heart is often cannulated via the right carotid artery. Questions have arisen concerning the potential adverse effects of this method on CBF in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the ligated artery. We measured right and left regional CBF by use of this route of cannulation. Twenty-four hours after cannulations were performed, flow measurements were made using radiolabeled microspheres in conscious unrestrained male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-400 g) before and 10, 30 and 60 min after challenging with 10 mg/kg Escherichia coli endotoxin (etx) or saline. Naloxone (2 mg/kg) or saline was given as a treatment 25 min post-etx. We found no significant differences between right and left cortical, midbrain, or cerebellar BF at any time in any treatment group. After etx, the whole brain received a large share of the depressed cardiac output. Thus global CBF was not significantly reduced below its pre-etx value, an effect unaltered by naloxone. Regionally, BF was reduced to cerebellum and midbrain by 30 min post-etx. Naloxone prevented this depression. No region was affected to a greater or lesser degree than others.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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