scholarly journals Measurement of Local Cerebral Blood Flow with [14C]Iodoantipyrine in the Mouse

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese M. Jay ◽  
Giovanni Lucignani ◽  
Alison M. Crane ◽  
Jane Jehle ◽  
Louis Sokoloff
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Local Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Sources Of Error ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Appropriate Care ◽  
Rapid Removal ◽  
The Brain

Local cerebral blood flow was measured in the mouse by means of the [14C]iodoantipyrine method. This method has been previously used in the monkey, dog, cat, and rat, but its application to small mammals such as the mouse requires special attention to potential sources of error. The small size of the mouse brain requires special attention to the rapid removal and freezing of the brain to minimize effects of postmortem diffusion of tracer in the tissue. Because of the relatively low diameter/length ratios of the catheters needed for arterial sampling in small animals, substantial errors can occur in the determination of the time course of the [14C]iodoantipyrine concentration in the arterial blood unless corrections for lag time and dead space washout in the catheter are properly applied. Local cerebral blood flow was measured in seven awake mice with appropriate care to minimize these sources of error. The values were found to vary from 48 ml/100 g/min in the corpus callosum to 198 ml/100 g/min in the inferior colliculus. The results demonstrate that the [14C]iodoantipyrine method can be used to measure local cerebral blood flow in the mouse and that the values in that species are, in general, somewhat higher than those in the rat.

scholarly journals Brain and Blood Concentrations of Propofol after Rapid Intravenous Injection in Sheep, and Their Relationships to Cerebral Effects

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Ludbrook ◽  
R. N. Upton ◽  
C. Grant ◽  
E. C. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Analysis ◽  
Depth Of Anaesthesia ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Brain

The time-course of propofol concentrations in the blood and brain following rapid administration of three doses were examined using a sheep preparation and regional pharmacokinetic techniques. These were compared to the time-course of cerebral effects of propofol reported previously. There were marked differences between the time-course of propofol concentrations in arterial blood and the brain, with a close relationship between the time-course of brain concentrations and effects on depth of anaesthesia and CBF. There was evidence that the effect of propofol on cerebral blood flow altered its own rate of elution from the brain. Hysteresis between arterial propofol concentrations and cerebral effects following rapid IV administration therefore appears to have a pharmacokinetic basis, and conventional compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis using blood concentrations alone may fail to accurately predict the time-course of both brain propofol concentrations and depth of anaesthesia.

scholarly journals Iodoamphetamine as a New Tracer for Local Cerebral Blood Flow in the Rat: Comparison with Isopropyliodoamphetamine

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean R. Rapin ◽  
Monique Le Poncin-Lafitte ◽  
Dominique Duterte ◽  
Richard Rips ◽  
Elisabeth Morier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Brain Uptake ◽  
Local Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Uptake Index ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
The Brain

Rats were injected with iodoamphetamine synthesized and labeled with 125I or with 125I-isopropyliodoamphetamine, a molecule of established value for the determination of local cerebral blood flow. The blood kinetics, tissue distribution, and brain uptake index for each tracer exhibited practically no differences. Autoradiographic quantification of the local cerebral blood flow, calculated according to the microsphere model, produced identical results for both molecules. However, compared with the values reported for other tracers, our values constituted an underestimation of white matter blood flow and a more real estimation of hippocampal flow. It is concluded from the brain uptake of the derivatives of both amphetamines during the first minutes following their injection that these tracers can be used as a chemical microembolus for the measurement of local cerebral blood flow.

scholarly journals Use of 19F NMR Spectroscopy for Measurement of Cerebral Blood Flow: A Comparative Study Using Microspheres

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 886-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Barranco ◽  
Leslie N. Sutton ◽  
Sandra Florin ◽  
Joel Greenberg ◽  
Teresa Sinnwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Radioactive Microsphere ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Cat Brain ◽  
Nmr Techniques ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Washout Curves ◽  
The Brain

19F NMR was used to determine washout curves of an inert, diffusible gas (CHF3) from the cat brain. The cerebral blood flow was estimated from a bi- or tri-phasic fit to the deconvoluted wash-out curve, using the Kety-Schmidt approach. Cerebral blood flow values determined by 19F NMR show the expected responsiveness to alterations in Paco2, but are approximately 28% lower than cerebral blood flow values determined simultaneously by radioactive microsphere techniques. High concentrations of CHF3 have little effect on intracranial pressure, mean arterial blood pressure or Paco2, but cause small changes in the blood flow to certain regions of the brain. We conclude that 19F NMR techniques utilizing low concentrations of CHF3 have potential for the noninvasive measurement of cerebral blood flow.

Vasodilation of cat cerebral arterioles by prostaglandins D2, E2, G2, and I2

1979 ◽  
Vol 237 (3) ◽  
pp. H381-H385 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Ellis ◽  
E. P. Wei ◽  
H. A. Kontos
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Cerebral Arterioles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
The Brain

To determine the possible role that endogenously produced prostaglandins may play in the regulation of cerebral blood flow, the responses of cerebral precapillary vessels to prostaglandins (PG) D2, E2, G2, and I2 (8.1 X 10(-8) to 2.7 X 10(-5) M) were studied in cats equipped with cranial windows for direct observation of the microvasculature. Local application of PGs induced a dose-dependent dilation of large (greater than or equal to 100 microns) and small (less than 100 microns) arterioles with no effect on arterial blood pressure. The relative vasodilator potency was PGG2 greater than PGE2 greater than PGI2 greater than PGD2. With all PGs, except D2, the percent dilation of small arterioles was greater than the dilation of large arterioles. After application of prostaglandins in a concentration of 2.7 X 10(-5) M, the mean +/- standard error of the percent dilation of large and small arterioles was, respectively, 47.6 +/- 2.7 and 65.3 +/- 6.1 for G2, 34.1 +/- 2.0, and 53.6 +/- 5.5 for E2, 25.4 +/- 1.8, and 40.2 +/- 4.6 for I2, and 20.3 +/- 2.5 and 11.0 +/- 2.2 for D2. Because brain arterioles are strongly responsive to prostaglandins and the brain can synthesize prostaglandins from its large endogenous pool of prostaglandin precursor, prostaglandins may be important mediators of changes in cerebral blood flow under normal and abnormal conditions.

Cerebral blood flow, glucose use, and CSF ionic regulation in potassium-depleted rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (2) ◽  
pp. H250-H257
Author(s):  
H. Schrock ◽  
W. Kuschinsky
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Local Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Low K ◽  
The Brain ◽  
K Depletion

Rats were kept on a low-K+ diet for 25 or 70 days. Local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) and local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) were measured in 31 different structures of the brain by means of the [14C]iodoantipyrine and [14C]2-deoxy-D-glucose method. After 25 and 70 days of K+ depletion LCBF was decreased significantly in 27 and 30 structures, respectively, the average decrease being 19 and 25%. In contrast, average LCGU was not changed. Cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) K+ concentration decreased significantly from 2.65 +/- 0.02 mM in controls to 2.55 +/- 0.02 mM and 2.47 +/- 0.02 mM in the two treated groups (P less than 0.01). CSF [HCO3-], pH, and PCO2 were increased in K+-depleted animals. These data show that K+ depletion induces an increase in CSF pH and a decrease in CSF K+ concentration, both of which cause a reduction in cerebral blood flow. The increased CSF PCO2 is secondary to the reduction of blood flow, since brain metabolism and arterial PCO2 remained constant.

Local cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization after blood exchange with a hemoglobin-based O2 carrier in conscious rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (4) ◽  
pp. H1243-H1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Waschke ◽  
H. Schrock ◽  
D. M. Albrecht ◽  
K. van Ackern ◽  
W. Kuschinsky
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Local Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Conscious Rats ◽  
Cerebral Glucose Utilization ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Exchange

The effects of a blood exchange on cerebral blood flow and glucose utilization were studied. A near to total blood exchange (hematocrit < 3%) was achieved in conscious rats by isovolemic hemodilution. Ultrapurified, polymerized, bovine hemoglobin (UPBHB) served as a blood substitute. Local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) and local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) were measured in 34 brain structures of conscious rats by means of the ido[14C]antipyrine and the 2-[14C]-deoxy-D-glucose methods. A group of rats without blood exchange served as control. After blood exchange LCBF increased from 36 to 126% in the different brain structures resulting in a nearly doubled mean cerebral blood flow (+82%). LCGU increased only moderately by 0-24%. Significant increases in LCGU were observed in 16 brain structures. Mean cerebral glucose utilization slightly increased (+14%). The relationship between LCGU and LCBF was found to be tight both in the control group (r = 0.95) as well as after blood replacement (r = 0.94), although it was reset to a higher overall LCBF-to-LCGU ratio. The profound increases in LCBF observed after blood exchange, which were not paralleled by comparable increases in LCGU, might be explained by a reduction of blood viscosity after blood exchange. Additional effects of blood exchange observed in the present study were an increase of mean arterial blood pressure and a decline of heart rate. The results indicate that replacement of blood with the hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier UPBHB appears to meet the cerebral circulatory and metabolic demands of the brain tissue.

scholarly journals Evaluation of [123I]Isopropyliodoamphetamine as a Tracer for Local Cerebral Blood Flow Using Direct Autoradiographic Comparison

1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Lear ◽  
Robert F. Ackermann ◽  
Motonobu Kameyama ◽  
David E. Kuhl
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Brain Uptake ◽  
Local Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Brain Uptake Index ◽  
First Pass ◽  
Potential Use

We investigated [123I]isopropyliodoamphetamine (IMP) for potential use in the autoradiographic determination of local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) in animals. The technique of direct autoradiographic comparison, derived from double radionuclide autoradiography, was used to compare the simultaneous uptakes of IMP and [14C]iodoantipyrine (IAP), a reference tracer, in awake and anesthetized rats. This new technique offers several advantages over the previously developed methods of comparing tracers, brain uptake index and first pass extraction ratio. These include the avoidance of disrupting normal cerebral blood–brain tracer exchange and the ability to compare uptakes at substructural levels, whereas the other methods are limited to larger areas. Mean values of LCBF obtained with IMP agreed closely with those using IAP, from 20 to 300 ml/100 g/min. Because IMP was found to have an extremely high effective brain:blood partition coefficient, approximately 25:1, a linear uptake tracer model could be used for IMP yielding more precise values than could IAP for LCBF values above 150. IMP was found to measure choroid plexus flows much more accurately than IAP, values being greater than 500 for IMP compared to approximately 200 for IAP. Because the mechanism of the extremely high partition coefficient of IMP is not yet defined, however, care must be used in measuring LCBF with IMP where the trapping mechanisms of normal vessels may be disrupted.

Erratum

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 884-884
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Local Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Correct Number ◽  
Natural Tolerance ◽  
The Brain

Local Cerebral Blood Flow During Hibernation, a Model of Natural Tolerance to “Cerebral Ischemia” Kai U. Frerichs, Charles Kennedy, Louis Sokoloff and John M. Hallenbeck [ originally published in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 1994;14(2):193–205] The weighted average cerebral blood flow in the brains of hibernating and nonhibernating ground squirrels appeared in three places in the article cited above. The numbers varied to some extent in each of the three places that they were displayed. The correct number for the active ground squirrel group was 62 ± 18 ml 100 g−1 min−1. The correct number for the hibernating group was 7 ± 4 ml 100 g−1 min−1. These numbers should be inserted on page 193 in the abstract so that the sentence would read, “Mean (± SD) mass-weighted CBF in the brain was 62 ± 18 ml 100 g−1 min−1 (n = 4) in the control group but was reduced to ischemic levels, 7 ± 4 ml 100 g−1 min−1 (n = 4), in the hibernating animals (p < 0.001).” The same numbers should be inserted into the sentence that begins at the bottom of page 198, “Average blood flow (± SD) in the brain as a whole in the hibernating animals was reduced to about 1/10 (7 ± 4 ml 100 g−1 min−1) of the level in active animals (62 ± 18 ml 100 g−1 min−1) (Table 4).” Finally, on page 201 at the bottom of Table 4 below “Weighted average in brain as a whole,” the readings should be 62 ± 18 for active and 7 ± 4 for hibernating.

scholarly journals Perivascular Microapplication of Endothelin-1: A New Model of Focal Cerebral Ischaemia in the Rat

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Sharkey
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Ischaemia ◽  
Dorsal Hippocampus ◽  
Focal Cerebral Ischaemia ◽  
Local Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Guide Cannula ◽  
Conscious Rat ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Arterial Blood

In the present study, we describe the effects of perivascular microapplication of the potent vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin-1 (Et-1; (120 pmol in 3 μl), delivered via a guide cannula stereotaxically positioned above the left cerebral artery (MCA) of the conscious male Sprague–Dawley rat. Ten minutes after the administration of Et-1, mean arterial blood pressure had increased by 20% and profound reductions in local cerebral blood flow (up to 93%) were observed within those brain areas supplied by the MCA. In addition, significant increases in local cerebral blood flow were observed within the globus pallidus (100%), substantia nigra pars reticulata (48%), ventrolateral thalamus (65%), and dorsal hippocampus (74%) ipsilateral to the insult. Twenty-four hours following the insult, the pattern of ischaemic damage was similar to that reported previously following permanent occlusion of the rat MCA. It is suggested that perivascular microapplication of Et-1 may provide a useful model for the study of the functional disturbances associated with focal cerebral ischaemia in the conscious rat.

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