A nuclear lamin is required for cytoplasmic organization and egg polarity in Drosophila

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 848-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Guillemin ◽  
Tyler Williams ◽  
Mark A. Krasnow
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Lamin ◽  
Cytoplasmic Organization ◽  
Egg Polarity

Cytoplasmic Organization in the Receptor Cells of the Crista Ampullaris

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 60-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particles ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Cuticular Plate ◽  
Morphological Organization ◽  
Crista Ampullaris ◽  
Cytoplasmic Organization ◽  
High Degree ◽  
General Appearance

Receptor cells of the cristae in the vestibular labyrinth of the bullfrog, Rana catesbiana, show a high degree of morphological organization. Four specialized regions may be distinguished: the apical region, the supranuclear region, the paranuclear region, and the basilar region.The apical region includes a single kinocilium, approximately 40 stereocilia, and many small microvilli all projecting from the apical cell surface into the lumen of the ampulla. A cuticular plate, located at the base of the stereocilia, contains filamentous attachments of the stereocilia, and has the general appearance of a homogeneous aggregation of fine particles (Fig. 1). An accumulation of mitochondria is located within the cytoplasm basal to the cuticular plate.

scholarly journals Cellular stress signaling activates type-I IFN response through FOXO3-regulated lamin posttranslational modification

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inah Hwang ◽  
Hiroki Uchida ◽  
Ziwei Dai ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Teresa Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Type I ◽  
Neurogenic Differentiation ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Nuclear Lamin ◽  
Neural Stem Progenitor Cells ◽  
Subsequent Activation ◽  
Methyl Group Transfer

AbstractNeural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) persist over the lifespan while encountering constant challenges from age or injury related brain environmental changes like elevated oxidative stress. But how oxidative stress regulates NSPC and its neurogenic differentiation is less clear. Here we report that acutely elevated cellular oxidative stress in NSPCs modulates neurogenic differentiation through induction of Forkhead box protein O3 (FOXO3)-mediated cGAS/STING and type I interferon (IFN-I) responses. We show that oxidative stress activates FOXO3 and its transcriptional target glycine-N-methyltransferase (GNMT) whose upregulation triggers depletion of s-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a key co-substrate involved in methyl group transfer reactions. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that reduced intracellular SAM availability disrupts carboxymethylation and maturation of nuclear lamin, which induce cytosolic release of chromatin fragments and subsequent activation of the cGAS/STING-IFN-I cascade to suppress neurogenic differentiation. Together, our findings suggest the FOXO3-GNMT/SAM-lamin-cGAS/STING-IFN-I signaling cascade as a critical stress response program that regulates long-term regenerative potential.

scholarly journals Nuclear membrane ruptures, cell death, and tissue damage in the setting of nuclear lamin deficiencies

Nucleus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-249
Author(s):  
Natalie Y. Chen ◽  
Paul H. Kim ◽  
Loren G. Fong ◽  
Stephen G. Young
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Nuclear Membrane ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Nuclear Lamin

scholarly journals MICROTUBULES AND MICROFIBRILS IN MORPHOGENESIS OF THE SCALE CELLS OF EPHESTIA KÜHNIELLA

1966 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Overton
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Cytoplasmic Organization ◽  
Shape Changes

The development of scale cells in insects has been studied from the appearance of the first cytoplasmic projection which forms the scale rudiment. This rudiment contains numerous longitudinally oriented microtubules throughout. Immediately under its outer surface lie a series of adjacent but distinct bundles of longitudinally oriented circa 60-A fibrils with a circa 120-A center-to-center spacing. As the rudiment broadens, the microtubules become distributed near the surface. The rudiment finally becomes extremely broad and flattened. Fibril bundles are now widely separated and equally spaced. They still lie immediately below the cell surface. Then the cytoplasm protrudes midway between each fibril bundle to form longitudinal ridges and the major shape changes of the scale have been achieved. The final pattern can thus be related to the cytoplasmic organization of the rudiment. The main cytoplasmic elements which seem important in scale morphogenesis, on the basis of frequency, orientation and grouping, are 60-A fibrils and microtubules.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document