Cytoplasmic Organization in the Receptor Cells of the Crista Ampullaris

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 60-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particles ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Cuticular Plate ◽  
Morphological Organization ◽  
Crista Ampullaris ◽  
Cytoplasmic Organization ◽  
High Degree ◽  
General Appearance

Receptor cells of the cristae in the vestibular labyrinth of the bullfrog, Rana catesbiana, show a high degree of morphological organization. Four specialized regions may be distinguished: the apical region, the supranuclear region, the paranuclear region, and the basilar region.The apical region includes a single kinocilium, approximately 40 stereocilia, and many small microvilli all projecting from the apical cell surface into the lumen of the ampulla. A cuticular plate, located at the base of the stereocilia, contains filamentous attachments of the stereocilia, and has the general appearance of a homogeneous aggregation of fine particles (Fig. 1). An accumulation of mitochondria is located within the cytoplasm basal to the cuticular plate.

The influence of harmful physical factors and industrial dust on changes in some biochemical and functional indicators of the cardiovascular system and respiratory system in workers engaged in underground mining of ore

2019 ◽  
pp. 920-925
Author(s):  
M. A. Zemlyanova ◽  
Yu. V. Koldibekova ◽  
V. M. Ukhabov
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Industrial Dust ◽  
High Degree

Introduction. The health of workers is determined by both social and individual, as well as production factors, including noise, vibration and dust, characteristic of technological processes in mining enterprises. Industrial noise above 90 dBA and dust in the form of suspended and fine particles causes dysfunction of the cardiovascular system and respiratory organs.The aim of the study is to assess the impact of harmful physical factors and industrial dust on changes in some biochemical and functional indicators of the cardiovascular system and respiratory system of employees of the enterprise for underground mining of ore.Materials and methods. The assessment of working conditions of workers engaged in underground mining and processing of chrome ores, the analysis of industrial dust on the dimension and quantitative content of fine particles PM10 and PM2. 5, the study of biochemical parameters of lipid metabolism, oxidant and antioxidant systems, indicators of respiratory function. Results. Harmful working conditions (class 3.1–3.4) in terms of noise and vibration were revealed at the workplaces of employees of the main specialties observation group. In the air of the working zone, the highest content of fine particles PM2.5 (2.68±0.54 mg/m3) and PM10 (4.64±0.93 mg/m3) was established at the site of drilling operations and cleaning of the bottom-hole space. Deviations of biochemical parameters characterizing intensification of free radical processes and antioxidant protection, imbalance of lipid spectrum parameters, and violation of functional parameters of external respiration were revealed. A high degree of connection with the working conditions of the frequency of increased levels of lipid hydroperoxide and antioxidant activity (EF=60.71–65.84%) was established.Conclusions. In high noise level (more than 94 dBA), general and local vibration (more than 116 and 127 dB respectively) and the content of fine particles PM2. 5 (more of 2.14 mg/m3) and PM10 (over of 3.71 mg/m3) at underground mining of chrome ore workers have identified abnormalities in the form of increase 1.6 times the level of lipid hydroperoxides and total antioxidant activity, reducing to 1.2 times the level of high density lipoprotein, improving 1.2–1.3 times of low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and atherogenic index in blood serum, peak expiratory flow. A high degree of professional conditioning have the frequency of increasing the level of lipid hydroperoxide in blood serum and antioxidant activity of blood plasma.

Landscape analysis through pictorial transects in degraded lands.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Campos ◽  
Jaime Villena ◽  
Marta M. Moreno ◽  
Jesús D. Peco ◽  
Mónica Sánchez-Ormeño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Degraded Lands ◽  
Ecological Resources ◽  
Allochthonous Species ◽  
Ecological Patterns ◽  
Good Characterization ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential ◽  
High Degree

<p>Understanding the dynamics of plant populations and their relationship with the characteristics of the terrain (slope, texture, etc.) and with particular phenomena (erosion, pollution, environmental constrains, etc.) that could affect them is crucial in order to manage regeneration and rehabilitation projects in degraded lands. In recent years, the emphasis has been placed on the observation and assessment of microtopographic drivers as they lead to large-scale phenomena. All the ecological variables that affect a given area are interconnected and the success in unraveling the ecological patterns of operation relies on making a good characterization of all the parameters involved.</p><p>It is especially interesting to study the natural colonization processes that take place in Mediterranean areas with a high degree of seasonality, to whose climatic restrictions, the presence of pollutants and various anthropic actions, can be added. Over these degraded areas, we propose using a new tool, what we have come to call "<strong>pictorial transects</strong>", that is, one-dimensional artificial transects built from low-scale photographs (2 m<sup>2</sup>) taken along a line of work (transect) where you can see the points where ecological resources are generated, stored and lost, and their fluctuation throughout time. A derivative of these would be the "<strong>green transects</strong>" in which the green color has been discriminated using the open software Image I. It is an inexpensive, fast and straightforward pictorial method that can be used to research and monitor the spatial and temporal fluctuation of the potential input of resources (organic matter, water, fine particles, etc.) to the ecosystem.</p><p>The information obtained from pictorial transects not only refers to the measurement of the photosynthetic potential per unit area or the location of the critical points (generate, storage or sink of resources) but also makes it possible to monitor the specific composition of the plant cover. For an appropriate use of this methodology, the criteria to determine the direction and length of the different transects must be previously and carefully established according to the objectives proposed in the study. For example: a radial transect in a salty pond will give us information on the changes in the plant cover as we move away from the center and the salinity decreases. In the same pond, a transect parallel to the shore will give us information on those changes that occur in the vegetation that do not depend on the degree of salinity. There are some cases in which this method could be very useful, as in the natural colonization of a degraded mine site or to assess the progression area affected by allochthonous species or weeds in extensive crops.</p>

scholarly journals Interactions between actin filaments and between actin filaments and membranes in quick-frozen and deeply etched hair cells of the chick ear.

1982 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Hirokawa ◽  
L G Tilney
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cells ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Contractile Ring ◽  
Vestibular Organ ◽  
Apical Cell Membrane ◽  
Cuticular Plate ◽  
Quick Freezing ◽  
Two Populations

Replicas of the apical surface of hair cells of the inner ear (vestibular organ) were examined after quick freezing and rotary shadowing. With this technique we illustrate two previously undescribed ways in which the actin filaments in the stereocilia and in the cuticular plate are attached to the plasma membrane. First, in each stereocilium there are threadlike connectors running from the actin filament bundle to the limiting membrane. Second, many of the actin filaments in the cuticular plate are connected to the apical cell membrane by tiny branched connecting units like a "crow's foot." Where these "feet" contact the membrane there is a small swelling. These branched "feet" extend mainly from the ends of the actin filaments but some connect the lateral surfaces of the actin filaments as well. Actin filaments in the cuticular plate are also connected to each other by finer filaments, 3 nm in thickness and 74 +/- 14 nm in length. Interestingly, these 3-nm filaments (which measure 4 nm in replicas) connect actin filaments not only of the same polarity but of opposite polarities as documented by examining replicas of the cuticular plate which had been decorated with subfragment 1 (S1) of myosin. At the apicolateral margins of the cell we find two populations of actin filaments, one just beneath the tight junction as a network, the other at the level of the zonula adherens as a ring. The latter which is quite substantial is composed of actin filaments that run parallel to each other; adjacent filaments often show opposite polarities, as evidenced by S1 decoration. The filaments making up this ring are connected together by the 3-nm connectors. Because of the polarity of the filaments this ring may be a "contractile" ring; the implications of this is discussed.

scholarly journals Traffic of Chitin Synthase 1 (CHS-1) to the Spitzenkörper and Developing Septa in Hyphae of Neurospora crassa: Actin Dependence and Evidence of Distinct Microvesicle Populations

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy Sánchez-León ◽  
Jorge Verdín ◽  
Michael Freitag ◽  
Robert W. Roberson ◽  
Salomon Bartnicki-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Subcellular Location ◽  
Chitin Synthase ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Chitin Synthases

ABSTRACTWe describe the subcellular location of chitin synthase 1 (CHS-1), one of seven chitin synthases inNeurospora crassa. Laser scanning confocal microscopy of growing hyphae showed CHS-1–green fluorescent protein (GFP) localized conspicuously in regions of active wall synthesis, namely, the core of the Spitzenkörper (Spk), the apical cell surface, and developing septa. It was also present in numerous fine particles throughout the cytoplasm plus some large vacuoles in distal hyphal regions. Although the same general subcellular distribution was observed previously for CHS-3 and CHS-6, they did not fully colocalize. Dual labeling showed that the three different chitin synthases were contained in different vesicular compartments, suggesting the existence of a different subpopulation of chitosomes for each CHS. CHS-1–GFP persisted in the Spk during hyphal elongation but disappeared from the septum after its development was completed. Wide-field fluorescence microscopy and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy revealed subapical clouds of particles, suggestive of chitosomes moving continuously toward the Spk. Benomyl had no effect on CHS-1–GFP localization, indicating that microtubules are not strictly required for CHS trafficking to the hyphal apex. Conversely, actin inhibitors caused severe mislocalization of CHS-1–GFP, indicating that actin plays a major role in the orderly traffic and localization of CHS-1 at the apex.

Apical segmentation and leaf initiation in the tree fern Dicksonia squarrosa

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 764-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hébant-Mauri
Keyword(s):  
Apical Cell ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Tree Fern ◽  
Leaf Initiation ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
New Feature ◽  
Fundamental Pattern ◽  
Precise Study

From a precise study of the shoot apical region of Dicksonia squarrosa Swartz, the histogenic role of the apical cell is shown. Leaves are initiated at levels where the delineations of the segments remain identifiable without ambiguity. A delay in the division of certain pluripotential prismatic cells constitutes the first indication of a future leaf initiation. The sequence of events leading to the formation of a new leaf follows a fundamental pattern, around which variations may occur; this pattern could constitute a new feature for consideration in comparative morphology. No relation between leaf initiation and apical segmentation could be established. Comparison with some other ferns (e.g. Hydropterideae, Hymenophyllaceae, Schizaeaceae) suggests the possible existence of variable relationships between leaf initiation and apical segmentation in these plants.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF THE ORIENTATION OF THE SENSORY HAIRS OF THE RECEPTOR CELLS IN THE LATERAL LINE ORGAN OF FISH, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE FUNCTION OF THE RECEPTORS

1962 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åke Flock ◽  
Jan Wersäll
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Line ◽  
Teleost Fish ◽  
Receptor Cell ◽  
The Other ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Lateral Line Organ ◽  
Sensory Hairs ◽  
Crista Ampullaris ◽  
Functional Polarization ◽  
Line Organ

The morphology of the hair bundles on top of the receptor cells in the lateral line organ of the teleost fish Lota vulgaris is described. Each receptor cell shows a distinct morphological polarization. Two groups of receptor cells can be distingiushed, one consisting of cells polarized towards the head, the other consisting of cells polarized towards the tail. In the crista ampullaris all cells are polarized in the same direction. An hypothesis is proposed for the function of the receptor cells in the lateral line organ and the labyrinth based on a correlation of morphological and functional polarization.

scholarly journals A. Pulavskiy. To the treatment of skin edema in patients with pale sickness. (Gazeta lekarska, no. 24, 1894)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 852-853
Author(s):  
B. Polonsky
Keyword(s):  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
High Degree ◽  
General Appearance

The teacher, a girl of 21 years old, already suffers from a high degree of debility. The external integument, in particular all the visible mucous membranes, are unusually pale wax color, edematous, the general appearance of the patient is puffy obese. Regulations were absent altogether, appetite was extremely poor, aversion to meat, nausea and constipation. Constant shortness of breath, ringing and noise in the ears, dizziness, tendency to faint.

The induced sector Arabidopsis apical embryonic fate map

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (14) ◽  
pp. 3403-3410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandria Saulsberry ◽  
Paula R. Martin ◽  
Tim O’Brien ◽  
Leslie E. Sieburth ◽  
F. Bryan Pickett
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Fate Map ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Apical Cells ◽  
Stage Embryo ◽  
Genetic Chimerism

Creation of an embryonic fate map may provide insight into the patterns of cell division and specification contributing to the apical region of the early Arabidopsis embryo. A fate map has been constructed by inducing genetic chimerism during the two-apical-cell stage of embryogenesis to determine if the orientation of the first anticlinal cell division correlates with later developmental axes. Chimeras were also used to map the relative locations of precursors of the cotyledon and leaf primordia. Genetic chimeras were induced in embryos doubly heterozygous for a heat shock regulated Cre recombinase and a constitutively expressed β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene flanked by the loxP binding sites for Cre. Individual cells in the two-apical-cell stage embryo responding to heat shock produce GUS-negative daughter cells. Mature plants grown from seed derived from treated embryos were scored for GUS-negative sector extent in the cotyledons and leaves. The GUS-negative daughters of apical cells had a strong tendency to contribute primarily to one cotyledon or the other and to physically adjacent true leaf margins. This result indicated that patterns of early cell division correlate with later axes of symmetry in the embryo and that these patterns partially limit the fates available for adoption by daughter cells. However, GUS-negative sectors were shared between all regions of the mature plant, suggesting that there is no strict fate restriction imposed on the daughters of the first apical cells.

scholarly journals Actin filaments in sensory hairs of inner ear receptor cells.

1977 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Flock ◽  
H C Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Receptor Cell ◽  
Cell Soma ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Sensory Hairs ◽  
Crista Ampullaris ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Triton X

Receptor cells in the ear are excited through the bending of sensory hairs which project in a bundle from their surface. The individual stereocilia of a bundle contain filaments about 5 nm in diameter. The identity of these filaments has been investigated in the crista ampullaris of the frog and guinea pig by a technique of decoration with subfragment-1 of myosin (S-1). After demembranation with Triton X-100 and incubation with S-1, "arrowhead" formation was observed along the filaments of the stereocilia and their rootlets and also along filaments in the cuticular plate inside the receptor cell. The distance between attached S-1 was 35 nm and arrowheads pointed in towards the cell soma. It is concluded that the filaments of stereocilia are composed of actin.

Discovery of Venezolanoconnus in Costa Rica (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4303 (2) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
PAWEŁ JAŁOSZYŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Ventral View ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Median Lobe ◽  
Unique Structure ◽  
Proximal Half ◽  
General Appearance

Venezolanoconnus is a small glandulariine genus established by Franz (1988) to accommodate four species known to occur only in Venezuela. Jałoszyński (2012) revised Venezolanoconnus, illustrated and described its morphological structures, redefined the genus and transferred one of the Franz's species to Euconnus Thomson, 1859. Species included in this interesting genus resemble Euconnus in their general appearance and some morphological characters, but differ in the subcontiguous hind coxae, separated only by a pair of spines of the metaventral intercoxal process, single (and rudimentary) basal fovea on each elytron, and a unique structure of the aedeagus. The latter has the parameres not slender, as those in all species of Euconnus and most Glandulariini, but extremely broadened; they surround the median lobe in its proximal half and are fused to each other dorsally and meet along midline ventrally. The parameres are hyaline and their margins may be hardly discernible in ventral view; in lateral view the narrowing apical region of each paramere is well-visible, it bears several short setae distributed apically and subapically and at least partly shifted to the dorsal surface. Venezolanoconnus can also be recognized on the basis of an unusually swollen maxillary palpomere III and a very small palpomere IV; the mandibles lacking preapical teeth, the pronotum broadest behind middle, the head relatively small in relation to the pronotum and elytra, and the gradually thickened antennae. 

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