Nuclear Fragility in Radiation-Induced Senescence: Blebs and Tubes Visualized by 3D Electron Microscopy

Irreparable DNA damage following ionizing radiation (IR) triggers prolonged DNA damage response and induces premature senescence. Cellular senescence is a permanent state of cell-cycle arrest characterized by chromatin restructuring, altered nuclear morphology and acquisition of secretory phenotype, which contributes to senescence-related inflammation. However, the mechanistic connections for radiation-induced DNA damage that trigger these senescence-associated hallmarks are poorly understood. In our in vitro model of radiation-induced senescence, mass spectrometry-based proteomics was combined with high-resolution imaging techniques to investigate the interrelations between altered chromatin compaction, nuclear envelope destabilization and nucleo-cytoplasmic chromatin blebbing. Our findings confirm the general pathophysiology of the senescence-response, with disruption of nuclear lamin organization leading to extensive chromatin restructuring and destabilization of the nuclear membrane with release of chromatin fragments into the cytosol, thereby activating cGAS-STING-dependent interferon signaling. By serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) whole-cell datasets were acquired to investigate the morphological organization of senescent fibroblasts. High-resolution 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the complex nuclear shape allows us to precisely visualize the segregation of nuclear blebs from the main nucleus and their fusion with lysosomes. By multi-view 3D electron microscopy, we identified nanotubular channels formed in lamin-perturbed nuclei of senescent fibroblasts; the potential role of these nucleo-cytoplasmic nanotubes for expulsion of damaged chromatin has to be examined.

The Effect of Oxidized Fish Oil on the Spleen Index, Antioxidant Activity, Histology and Transcriptome in Juvenile Hybrid Grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ Epinephelus lanceolatus)

The spleen is an important organ in the immune function of fish, and it is also important for hematogenesis and antibody and granulocyte production. However, the effect of oxidized fish oil on the spleen of hybrid grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ Epinephelus lanceolatus) is unknown. In this study, hybrid groupers were fed with oxidized fish oil and the spleen index, antioxidant ability, histology and transcriptome were investigated. Oxidized fish oil did not affect the spleen index. Levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the spleen were significantly increased as the amount of oxidized fish oil in the diet increased, but the vitamin E concentration was significantly decreased. The morphological organization of the spleen was damaged with increased oxidative stress. And the spleen reacted to oxidative stress by platelet activation, FOXO and notch signaling pathways, which involved amyloid beta precursor protein binding family B member 1 interacting protein (APBB1IP) gene, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) gene, histone acetyltransferase p300 (EP300) gene, insulin gene and notch 2 gene. In conclusion, the oxidized fish oil caused oxidative stress and damaged its structure. Additionally, oxidized fish oil changed the transcription profile of the spleen.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF THE MUCOSA AND CARTILAGE OF THE LARYNX OF RATS IN NORMAL

The aim was to conduct a fundamental study of the issue concerning the morphological organization of the mucous membrane and cartilaginous corset of the rat larynx in the norm. Our goal is achieved through the use of morphological methods of preparation and microstructural research.This information in the future will allow to form a morphological base, which will be used to compare the components of the mucous membrane and cartilage of the larynx in the norm with the dynamics of their changes as a result of experimental opioid exposure.

Spinodal decomposition of chemically fueled polymer solutions

Out-of-equilibrium phase transitions driven by dissipation of chemical energy are a common mechanism for morphological organization and temporal programming in biology. Inspired by this, dissipative self-assembly utilizes chemical reaction networks...

The region as an object of projecting of neo-spheric existence in the depth of anthroposphere

The article deals with the problem of the modern education system perfection and at the same time seeks to reach the limit of the possible in the transformation of the educational space to meet the demand of time, its ability to provide social consciousness in the conditions of the ongoing crisis and those changes that caused the intensification of the dialogue between Man and Nature. The development with the participation of humans becomes of a more targeted nature – noospheric and educational, global one. This is a new way obliges a modern general education institution to look for better approaches to the production of personality and promote the development of modern man – the carrier of new values. The state of society's consciousness should be inclined to act in the direction of its spirituality. The correlation between the social and morphological organization of a human being should not be beyond the problem of profile education. he human world to a large extent begins in a human being itself, therefore, the objective of this article is the search for ways to change the educational system of the region for the sake of further formation and development of the democratic society of the anthropospheric era.

On the (ir)regularity of Dunan verbal morphophonology

Against claims of Yamada, Pellard, and Shimoji (Yamada, Masahiro, Thomas Pellard & Michinori Shimoji. 2015. Dunan grammar (Yonaguni Ryukyuan). In Patrick Heinrich, Shinshō Miyara & Michinori Shimoji (eds.), Handbook of the Ryukyuan languages, 449–478. Berlin: de Gruyter and Pellard, Thomas & Masahiro Yamada. 2017. Verb morphology and conjugation classes in Dunan (Yonaguni). In Ferenc Kiefer, James P. Blevins & Huba Bartos (eds.), Perspectives on morphological organization: Data and analyses, 31–49. Leiden: Brill), I argue that the verbal morphophonology of Dunan (Yonaguni) is in most respects systematic and rule-governed. I first identify the relatively low-level rules that govern the resolution of hiatus at stem boundary and then review stem and suffix alternations, showing that in each case there is only a limited amount of lexically listed allomorphy. After summarizing the proposed analysis and displaying representative derivations, I propose a set of principles on the basis of which the central elements of that analysis could be attained by language learners. Finally, I consider the reasons for the divergence between the conclusions reached here and those of Yamada, Pellard, and Shimoji, suggesting that an even more important factor than the unreceptiveness of those authors to the postulation of phonological rules is their skepticism about the concept of the morpheme.

Towards Cultural Clash and Hybridity, An Analysis of Bapsi Sidhwa’s An American Brat

Culture is a way of life that takes into its jurisdiction to all experiences of life and social associations. Culture receives variations over time. Similarly, the culture of the Sub-continent is altered with the arrival of the English here. That is why the Literature of this area is called Post-colonial literature. Cross-Culturalism is also a part of post-colonial theory. Its chief aim is to analyze the morphological organization which takes to the origination of the conception. Culturalism indicates the tractability of the self to absorb in the transmission and understanding of spoken and written indications and to react accurately and suitably. The ‘cross’ in cross-culturalism designates the crossing of the remotest barriers from one make to another. It also reveals the constant growth of borders. People migrate to other countries, lead life by absorbing the culture of that country but they experience problems regarding language and their own culture. The undertaken research aims to reveal the cross-cultural experiences keeping in view Sidhwa’s (1994) ‘An American Brat’. Sidhwa (1994), explores the differences of cultures that existed between East and West by introducing the character of Feroza. Feroza belongs to Pakistan and goes to America. She finds the culture of America different from the culture of her native country. The undertaken research is an attempt to reveal the description of cultural differences and hybridity through the character of Feroza.

STANDARD AND REALITIES OF LANGUAGE PRESENTATION OF DENTAL DISCOURSE

The article deals with the typical mistakes of dental scientific researches – original theses, articles, manuals, textbooks, monographs, texts of abstracts and dissertations, etc. The necessity to form and develop language competence in academics has been showed. The research aims to focus attention on the importance of language presentation of the current scientific thoughts, ideas and hypotheses. According to this, the focus of this research has been shifted to the peculiarities of the development and potential of the scientific language. So, its quality and normalization have been considered by the authors. They interpret this aspect as interesting and extremely urgent problems of modern humanitarian science. The authors also mentioned the need to clarify the necessity of visible improvement of the scientific publication. Certain other priorities for modern scholars, such as monitoring the quality of its basic standard were pointed out. It is generally known, that there are diversity of discourses and each of them has its own particular tools. Apart from their specific discursive characteristic, either one of them has a number of language features. This is not only in the area of communication. Firstly, it concerns essential ideas about discursive representation according to the current language norms. This article deals with the dental discourse. Or more precisely, the primary focus is on its proper grammar. In this response the diversity of dental scientific researches – original theses, articles, manuals, textbooks, monographs, etc. has been analyzed in detail. The typical grammatical, in particular morphological mistakes of the above-mentioned scientific and materials and teaching aids have been showed. Scientific texts as well as various learning and teaching materials on dentistry have been examined from the point of view of the correctness of their morphological organization. The examples of incorrect usage of curtain language units in the samples of scientific dental discourse have been described and characterized. The appropriate utilizing of mail gendered terms (genitive case) has been also analyzed.

Genomically Complex Human Angiosarcoma and Canine Hemangiosarcoma Establish Convergent Angiogenic Transcriptional Programs

Sporadic angiosarcomas (ASs) are aggressive vascular sarcomas whose rarity and genomic complexity present significant obstacles in deciphering the pathogenic significance of individual genetic alterations. Numerous fusion genes have been identified across multiple types of cancers, but their existence and significance remain unclear in sporadic ASs. In this study, we leveraged RNA sequencing data from thirteen human ASs and 76 spontaneous canine hemangiosarcomas (HSAs) to identify fusion genes associated with spontaneous vascular malignancies. Ten novel protein-coding fusion genes, including TEX2-PECAM1 and ATP8A2-FLT1, were identified in seven of the thirteen human tumors, with two tumors showing mutations of TP53. HRAS and NRAS mutations were found in ASs without fusions or TP53 mutations. We found fifteen novel protein-coding fusion genes including MYO16-PTK2, GABRA3-FLT1, and AKT3-XPNPEP1 in eleven of the 76 canine HSAs; these fusion genes were seen exclusively in tumors of the angiogenic molecular subtype that contained recurrent mutations in TP53, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, and NRAS. In particular, fusion genes and mutations of TP53 co-occurred in tumors with higher frequency than expected by random chance, and they enriched gene signatures predicting activation of angiogenic pathways. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of human ASs and canine HSAs identified shared molecular signatures associated with activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. Our data suggest that genomic instability induced by TP53 mutations might create a predisposition for fusion events that may contribute to tumor progression by promoting selection and/or enhancing fitness through activation of convergent angiogenic pathways in this vascular malignancy.One Sentence SummaryThis study shows that, while drive events of malignant vasoformative tumors of humans and dogs include diverse mutations and stochastic rearrangements that create novel fusion genes, convergent transcriptional programs govern the highly conserved morphological organization and biological behavior of these tumors in both species.

PECULIARITIES OF MORPHOGENESIS OF CHANGES IN THE PERIODONTIUM AT EXPERIMENTAL ACTION OF OPIOID DURING TWO WEEKS AND ITS SUBSEQUENT FOUR WEEKS CANCELLATION AND CORRECTION

The aim of the study was to examine the periodontal tissues of white rats under two weeks of opioid exposure, after its abolition and drug correction for four weeks at the optical level. After two weeks of experimental action of the opioid analgesic and its subsequent four-week withdrawal, pronounced irreversible changes in the structural components of the periodontium of animals were not detected, however, and their complete recovery was not observed. The proposed drug correction with pentoxifylline and ceftriaxone with opioid withdrawal after two weeks of its administration, led to the restoration of microcirculation and trophic tissues of periodontal tissues of rats, their morphological organization was approaching normal.