scholarly journals SOX10 ablation severely impairs the generation of postmigratory neural crest from human pluripotent stem cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingqiang Lai ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Zhengwei Zou ◽  
Yina Wang ◽  
Ye Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Neural Crest Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

AbstractAnimal studies have indicated that SOX10 is one of the key transcription factors regulating the proliferation, migration and differentiation of multipotent neural crest (NC), and mutation of SOX10 in humans may lead to type 4 Waardenburg syndrome (WS). However, the exact role of SOX10 in human NC development and the underlying molecular mechanisms of SOX10-related human diseases remain poorly understood due to the lack of appropriate human model systems. In this study, we successfully generated SOX10-knockout human induced pluripotent stem cells (SOX10−/− hiPSCs) by the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing tool. We found that loss of SOX10 significantly inhibited the generation of p75highHNK1+/CD49D+ postmigratory neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) and upregulated the cell apoptosis rate during NC commitment from hiPSCs. Moreover, we discovered that both the neuronal and glial differentiation capacities of SOX10−/− NCSCs were severely compromised. Intriguingly, we showed that SOX10−/− hiPSCs generated markedly more TFAP2C+nonneural ectoderm cells (NNE) than control hiPSCs during neural crest differentiation. Our results indicate that SOX10 is crucial for the transition of premigratory cells to migrating NC and is vital for NC survival. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the function of SOX10 in human NC development, and the SOX10-knockout hiPSC lines may serve as a valuable cell model to study the pathogenesis of SOX10-related human neurocristopathies.

scholarly journals Neural crest stem cells can be induced in vitro from human-induced pluripotent stem cells using a novel protocol free of feeder cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Rei Abe ◽  
Kazuyo Yamauchi ◽  
Kazuki Kuniyoshi ◽  
Takane Suzuki ◽  
Yusuke Matsuura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Feeder Cells ◽  
Neural Crest Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

scholarly journals Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Hair Follicle Bulge Neural Crest Stem Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-San Ma ◽  
Marcin Czepiel ◽  
Tina Krause ◽  
Karl-Herbert Schäfer ◽  
Erik Boddeke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Crest Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

scholarly journals Decoding Genetics of Congenital Heart Disease Using Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Lin ◽  
Kim L. McBride ◽  
Vidu Garg ◽  
Ming-Tao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common cause of infant death associated with birth defects. Recent next-generation genome sequencing has uncovered novel genetic etiologies of CHD, from inherited and de novo variants to non-coding genetic variants. The next phase of understanding the genetic contributors of CHD will be the functional illustration and validation of this genome sequencing data in cellular and animal model systems. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have opened up new horizons to investigate genetic mechanisms of CHD using clinically relevant and patient-specific cardiac cells such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial/endocardial cells, cardiac fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells. Using cutting-edge CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tools, a given genetic variant can be corrected in diseased iPSCs and introduced to healthy iPSCs to define the pathogenicity of the variant and molecular basis of CHD. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in genetics of CHD deciphered by large-scale genome sequencing and explore how genome-edited patient iPSCs are poised to decode the genetic etiologies of CHD by coupling with single-cell genomics and organoid technologies.

Abstract TP473: Investigating the Pathogenesis of Moyamoya Disease Using Patient Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailaja Rao ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Haruto Uchino ◽  
Arjun Pendharkar ◽  
Michelle Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Brdu Incorporation ◽  
Branch Points ◽  
Scratch Assay ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Background: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare, progressive steno-occlusive cerebrovascular disorder of the internal carotid artery, leading to stroke. Affected arteries exhibit thickened intima with depleted elastic lamina and media, indicating a dysfunction of the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). However the pathogenesis of the disease is still unclear. We aim to address this gap in knowledge by using patient derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), to generate VSMCs and ECs. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from controls and MMD patients (n=3 per group) were used for generating iPSCs. VSMC functionality was measured by collagen gel contraction assay and scratch assay. EC proliferative function was assessed by BrDU incorporation assay, and its migration capacity was evaluated by scratch assay and in vitro tube formation. VSMCs and ECs were also exposed to either hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or normoxia/ hypoxia model (1%O 2 ) to investigate how cells respond to these insults. Hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) activation was determined using western blot. Results: MMD VSMCs trended towards being more contractile and migrating faster than control VSMCs, in response to 10%FBS or SDF1α. On the other hand, MMD ECs migrated slower than control ECs in response to 10%FBS (p=0.0081) or VEGF (p=0.0072). MMD ECs also formed lesser tubes and exhibited fewer branch points when compared to controls. The rate of EC proliferation was similar between both groups. Cell death assays indicate that MMD VSMCs and ECs were more sensitive to the deleterious effects of H2O2 exposure when compared to control cells. Interestingly, MMD VSMCs had elevated HIF1α protein expression in normoxia, which was further increased after hypoxia. Conclusions: Our preliminary results indicate that both MMD VSMCs and ECs are dysfunctional and may be related to the elevated basal expression of HIF1α, possibly contributing to MMD pathology. We are currently investigating the interactions between VSMCs and ECs in MMD compared with controls using co-cultures. Ongoing studies also include transcriptome analysis of these differentiated cells, which will advance the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying MMD.

Investigation of the Stem Cells Used in Modeling Human Placental Trophoblast

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulu Ji ◽  
Lin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Human placenta is vital for fetal development, and act as an interface between the fetus and the expecting mother. Abnormal placentati on underpins various pregnancy complications such as miscarriage, pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Despite the important role of placenta, the molecular mechanisms governing placental formation and trophoblast cell lineage specification is poorly understand. It is mostly due to the lack of appropriate model system. The great various in placental types across mammals make it limit for the use of laboratory animals in studying human placental development. However, over the past few years, alternative methods have been employed, including human embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, human trophoblast stem cell, and 3-dimensional organoids. Herein, we summarize the present knowledge about human development, differentiated cell types in the trophoblast epithelium and current human placental trophoblast model systems.

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