scholarly journals A nonS-locus F-box gene breaks self-incompatibility in diploid potatoes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Ma ◽  
Chunzhi Zhang ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Fei Tang ◽  
Futing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Breeding ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Diploid Hybrid ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
The Third ◽  
Self Compatibility ◽  
Global Food

AbstractPotato is the third most important staple food crop. To address challenges associated with global food security, a hybrid potato breeding system, aimed at converting potato from a tuber-propagated tetraploid crop into a seed-propagated diploid crop through crossing inbred lines, is under development. However, given that most diploid potatoes are self-incompatible, this represents a major obstacle which needs to be addressed in order to develop inbred lines. Here, we report on a self-compatible diploid potato, RH89-039-16 (RH), which can efficiently induce a mating transition from self-incompatibility to self-compatibility, when crossed to self-incompatible lines. We identify the S-locusinhibitor (Sli) gene in RH, capable of interacting with multiple allelic variants of the pistil-specific S-ribonucleases (S-RNases). Further, Sli gene functions like a general S-RNase inhibitor, to impart SC to RH and other self-incompatible potatoes. Discovery of Sli now offers a path forward for the diploid hybrid breeding program.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Common S Haplotype BnS-6 in the Self-Incompatibility of Brassica napus

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2186
Author(s):  
Zhiquan Liu ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Yong Yang ◽  
Changbin Gao ◽  
Bin Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Genetic Locus ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
S Locus ◽  
S Haplotype ◽  
Self Compatibility

Self-incompatibility (SI) is a pollen-stigma recognition system controlled by a single and highly polymorphic genetic locus known as the S-locus. The S-locus exists in all Brassica napus (B. napus, AACC), but natural B. napus accessions are self-compatible. About 100 and 50 S haplotypes exist in Brassica rapa (AA) and Brassica oleracea (CC), respectively. However, S haplotypes have not been detected in B. napus populations. In this study, we detected the S haplotype distribution in B. napus and ascertained the function of a common S haplotype BnS-6 through genetic transformation. BnS-1/BnS-6 and BnS-7/BnS-6 were the main S haplotypes in 523 B. napus cultivars and inbred lines. The expression of SRK in different S haplotypes was normal (the expression of SCR in the A subgenome affected the SI phenotype) while the expression of BnSCR-6 in the C subgenome had no correlation with the SI phenotype in B. napus. The BnSCR-6 protein in BnSCR-6 overexpressed lines was functional, but the self-compatibility of overexpressed lines did not change. The low expression of BnSCR-6 could be a reason for the inactivation of BnS-6 in the SI response of B. napus. This study lays a foundation for research on the self-compatibility mechanism and the SI-related breeding in B. napus.

scholarly journals Little heterosis found in Diploid Hybrid Potato

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Randall Adams ◽  
Chaozhi Zheng ◽  
Michiel E. de Vries ◽  
Fred A. van Eeuwijk
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Potato Breeding ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Diploid Hybrid ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Deleterious Alleles ◽  
Highly Correlated

Hybrid potato breeding has become a novel alternative to conventional potato breeding allowing breeders to overcome intractable barriers (e.g. tetrasomic inheritance, masked deleterious alleles, obligate clonal propagation) with the benefit of seed-based propagule, flexible population design, and the potential of hybrid vigour. Until now, however, no formal inquiry has adequately examined the relevant genetic components for complex traits in hybrid potato populations. In this present study, we use a two-step modelling approach to estimate the relevant variance components to assess the magnitude of the general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA, respectively) in diploid hybrid potato (DHP). SCA effects were identified for all yield components studied here warranting evidence of non-additive genetic effects in hybrid potato yield. However, the estimated GCA effects were on average two times larger than their respective SCA quantile across all yield phenotypes. Tuber number GCAs and SCAs were found to be highly correlated with total yield's genetic components. Tuber volume appearing under-selected in this population. The prominence of additive effects found for all traits presents evidence that breeders can perform hybrid potato evaluation using the mid-parent value alone. Heterotic vigour stands be useful in bolstering simpler traits but this will be very dependent on the target market of a population. This study represents the first diallel analysis of its kind in diploid potato using material derived from a commercial hybrid breeding programme.

scholarly journals Anatomical traits of seven corn-inbred lines including two with gene brown midrib

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Cebrat ◽  
Zygmunt Królikowski ◽  
Józef Adamczyk
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Brown Midrib ◽  
Peripheral Part ◽  
The Third ◽  
Plant Acclimatization ◽  
Corn Inbred ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

Anatomical investigations of the stem in seven <em>Zea mays</em> L. Inbred lines were performed on specimens bred in the Experimental Institute of Breeding and Plant Acclimatization in Smolice. Two of the lines (bm1 and bm2) including the gene brown midrib were characterized by a higher digestability. The remaining five lines (S215, S335, 5336, S336A and S339) were selective inbred lines used as components in hybrid breeding at the Institute in Smolice. The investigated lines were compared in respect to 50 anatomical traits of the stem. The comparisons were performed by means of the Wrocław dendrite method. The lines formed three distinct groups according to the degree of similarity. The first group consisted of two lines with the gene brown midrib (bm1 and bm2), the second of four lines (5215, S336, S336A and S339), and the third of line S335. The inclusion of both the lines with gene bm into one group was based on similarity regarding the set of traits of parenchyma, particularly of the peripheral part of the stem, as well as metaxylem and metaphloem traits. However, these lines differed considerably in respect to epidermis traits. It was peculiar that the stomata of the <em>Amaryllis</em> type occurred in one of the lines (S339). Each line made a specific mosaic of traits. The sets of traits characterizing the particular lines were specific in such a degree that they could be used, like a fingerprint, for their identification.

GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY AMID THE GLOBAL CRISIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
P. M. TARANOV ◽  
◽  
A. S. PANASYUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Food Problem ◽  
Supply Problem ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Food Security Indicators ◽  
Security Indicators ◽  
Global Food

The authors assess the prospects for solving the global food problem based on an analysis of the dynamics of food security indicators at the global and regional levels. The global food problem at work refers to the growing population of a planet affected by hunger and other forms of malnutrition. The food security situation has worsened for five years - in 2015–2019, and the COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated the food supply problem. The prevalence of moderate to severe food insecurity has affected more than 25% of the world's population. In lowincome countries, malnutrition affects more than 58% of the population. Food security is threatened by the consequences of the spread of coronavirus infection in the short term. In the medium and long term, climate change and the crisis in the governance of the world economy are the greatest threats. Modern international economic institutions are unable to withstand the prospect of declining global food security.

scholarly journals Deciphering the Biodiversity–Production Mutualism in the Global Food Security Debate

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Ralf Seppelt ◽  
Channing Arndt ◽  
Michael Beckmann ◽  
Emily A. Martin ◽  
Thomas W. Hertel
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Global Food
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