MODELING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT CLIMATIC CHANGE

The strategic directions of Russia's economic development presuppose the existence of state programs, the transition from the expert-raw material type to the innovative type. A qualitatively new level of information processing opens up new development opportunities as a result of an increase in the speed of information processing throughout the entire life cycle of agricultural production. Sustainable development is measured by production on the territory and its efficiency in relation to the country's food security. Since the territories are not only producers of products, but also a complex socio-economic structure that functions according to certain laws, rules and traditions, a kind of habitat for residents. To a large extent, the sustainable development of territories depends on the level of development of production, implements the sustainable development of the economy. The state regulates the sustainable development of territories in order to support production as the main element of processes, controlling its development, supporting domestic producers, and performs one of the most important state functions, which is a macroeconomic problem of research of the territorial complex. Consequently, there is a dialectical relationship between the process of economic stabilization and the sustainable development of territories, which requires the development of research approaches. The search for new approaches to the development of territories is a particularly important circumstance at the present stage. A full-fledged system of economic, mathematical, structural modeling allows us to obtain predictive estimates in the context of food security indicators, based on current trends, global challenges and changes.

Food balance sheets provide information on food security, indicators of the prevalence of undernourishment and losses in the cases of Benin, Guinea and Mali

This paper was done within the framework of the Monitoring of the SDGs in Africa (SODDA) project which supported the analysis of the food balance sheets drawn up through the letter of agreement between FAO/GS1 and AFRISTAT. Analysis of the self-sufficiency rate over the 2010–2015 period shows that Mali has higher food self-sufficiency than Benin and Guinea. In Guinea, overall, 43.2% of domestic product supplies are on average imports. Plant products are the most dependent on imports with an average annual IDR of 48.2% compared to 12.5% for animal products. In the three countries, plant products are the most dependent on imports. The use of FAO methodologies for calculating the prevalence of undernourishment under SDG 2 and the food loss index under SDG 12 made it possible to estimate these two indicators using BAs and other related indicators. The results in 2015 show that Benin and Guinea with respectively 14.2% and 15.6% of the population with a prevalence of undernourishment are ahead of Mali with 5%. In terms of individuals, estimates give 1.5 million Beninese, 1.2 million Guineans and 0.9 million Malians who were undernourished in 2015.

Role of Camel Husbandry in Food Security of the Republic of Kazakhstan

This paper examines the problem of food security in the Republic of Kazakhstan over the past 10 years. Based on statistical data, an assessment was made of the prevalence of malnutrition among the population of the country, including children under 5 years of age. There has been a trend towards for an improvement in the nutrition of the population for a few indicators; however, further optimization of food security indicators is required to achieve the goals of sustainable development (SDGs) of the FAO WHO Agenda for the period up to 2050 in Kazakhstan and in its individual regions. The paper reflects data on demographic changes over the past 10 years and its self-sufficiency in basic foods for 2019. A high degree of self-sufficiency in meat products (117.6%) is revealed in the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan. However, self-sufficiency in dairy products is at an extremely low level (0.1%). Camel breeding has been successfully developing in the country over the past 10 years. However, the number of camels in the country is still at a low level. Camel milk can be considered as a great source of macronutrients, its daily consumption partially facilitates the problem of Food Security in Kazakhstan.

Variability of Ukrainian food security indicators in the context of global challenges

Introduction. In recent years, the need to address global socio-economic problems has become acute. One of the most important and relevant is food security. Food security on a global scale is twofold. On the one hand, countries that suffer from food shortages and fight against hunger by all possible means, but on the other hand, others suffer from food surpluses or excessive food consumption and аре forced to fight the nation’s obesity. Assessment of the level of food security is revealed through a system of indicators that give a comprehensive description of its current state, structure, dynamics and trends. Indicators are the most important guidelines for food security and are especially relevant for the conduct of general economic policy and evaluation of its results. The level of food security of the state is analyzed with the help of evaluation indicators and criteria, which allows to use them in the formation of directions of development of the agri-food sector of Ukraine.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to assess the level of food security of Ukraine on the basis of a study of its condition and dynamics, indicators of availability and structure of consumption of basic food products.Methods. To achieve this goal, a set of general scientific methods was used: theoretical generalization - to determine the essence and content of the concept of «food security of the country»; statistical analysis - to assess the indicators of food security of Ukraine in accordance with their threshold values; comparison and grouping - to assess food safety indicators in the dynamics; retrospective analysis - for the study and comparative evaluation of food security indicators; abstract-logical - for theoretical generalization and formulation of conclusions.Results. The analysis of food security revealed that the current crisis is an opportunity to use new tools for the development of the agricultural sector. It is substantiated that food security plays a key role in the socio-economic development of the state. The content of food security of the country is determined on the basis of normative legal acts. It is emphasized that the global challenge to food security is the threat and spread of coronavirus, as the introduction of quarantine restrictions makes it difficult for people to access food. It has been proven that ensuring global food security in the face of the challenges of the coronavirus pandemic requires society to improve cooperation. Indicators characterizing the state of food security of Ukraine by the main groups of food products are clarified and evaluated. During 1990-2019, changes in the quality of the human diet with the main types of products were analyzed; daily energy value of human diet; economic availability of products; adequacy of grain stocks in state reserves; differentiation of the cost of food by social groups; capacity of the domestic market for certain types of products; food independence for a particular product. Based on the analysis, it was found that the human diet decreased consumption of milk and dairy products, fish and berries and increased consumption of potatoes and sugar. The maintenance of a high level of the share of food expenditures in the total consumer expenditures of the population of Ukraine is revealed, which limits the opportunities to meet socio-cultural needs. It is proved that in order to increase the level of food security of the country in the conditions of modern global challenges, it is expedient to balance the food security system in terms of evaluation criteria and indicators.Discussion. A promising area of research is the need to improve approaches to methodological assessment of food security in the segments of ensuring its strategic guidelines and strengthening in the face of growing global challenges.

Assessing the food security of the Russian Federation in the sustainable development goals monitoring system

Subject. This article discusses the issues related to information support for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and food security indicators. Objectives. The article aims to determine ways to improve Russia's food security policy. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of analysis and synthesis, and statistical techniques. Results. The article describes the stages of the SDGs information support system formation and determines areas to improve the country's food security. Conclusions. The article concludes that further ensuring and improving the country's food security requires taking into account current global influences, namely the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change.

DIVERGENT CHANGES IN THE FOOD SECTOR

Purpose. The aim of the article is to analyse and evaluate divergent changes in the food sector of Ukraine and other countries, taking into account the challenges of the environmental environment. Methodology of research. The following research methods are used to achieve this goal: theoretical synthesis, analysis, abstract and logical – to reveal the relationship of the global food crisis in the context of achieving food security goals; interpretation and comparison – to determine the prospects for improving food security; tabular and graphical – for a visual representation of food security in the world. Finding. It has been established that food security is an objective necessity for human development. Its provision is a guarantee of regular access of the population to high-quality food necessary for leading an active and healthy life. There has been an increase in food insecurity in many countries around the world, which was especially acute during the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking into account the analysed indicators of food security, reserves have been identified for improving the growth of food security in the strategy of sustainable development of Ukraine and the world. Originality. A cumulative interrelated analysis of pandemic and post-pandemic poverty growth, declining profitability, and price differentiation in food security has been conducted. The assessment of divergent changes in the food sector of Ukraine and other countries is carried out taking into account the challenges of the environmental environment. Practical value. The results of the study on food security can be used in the management of the economy and the agro-industrial sector as one of the goals of sustainable development. Key words: food security, pandemic, poverty, reduction of profitability, strategic development goals, global environment, food security indicators, consumer price index.

The Formation of the International Imperatives of the National (Food) Security Coefficient in Ukraine under Globalization

The purpose of the study is to review the academic literature on food security issues in order to examine the indicators of rational and minimal nutrition, facilitating the analysis of the existing system of indicators by which to assess the state of the food security system in a country. The aim of the article is to investigate and demonstrate the imperatives behind the formation of Ukraine’s national (food) security in the context of globalization. National food security in the broad sense should be considered as the state of the economy, and more narrowly – as the guaranteed ability of a state to meet the needs of the population by providing each citizen with the required volume, range and quality of food at a level that ensures the health and intellectual development of the individual, based on the principles of self-sufficiency of basic products and their economic and physical accessibility, regardless of the influence of external and internal factors. The Global Food Security Index Ranks of the European Union and Ukraine are analyzed. Consumer expenditure on food consumed at home in Ukraine is analyzed in the article. Average food security indicators of the EU and Ukraine are analyzed for 2001–2018, in particular for food exports, food imports, food production index, food, beverages and tobacco. The dynamics and forecasts of wheat and maize harvest and crop production in Ukraine and the EU are compared. The analysis of the Suite of Food Security Indicators of the EU and Ukraine is presented alongside a comprehensive analysis of the multifactor regression model of Food Production Index from foreign direct investment, net inflows, GDP growth, GNI per capita growth, short-term debt, tax revenue, total natural resources rents, and trade. The analysis has shown that for the analysis of the food production index it is effective to build a regression model, because it allows not only to estimate the degree of influence of the factor on the result, but also to most effectively predict the size of the food production index for the future.