scholarly journals Optical emissions associated with narrow bipolar events from thunderstorm clouds penetrating into the stratosphere

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifan Liu ◽  
Gaopeng Lu ◽  
Torsten Neubert ◽  
Jiuhou Lei ◽  
Oliver Chanrion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Spectral Measurements ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
International Space ◽  
Radio Signals ◽  
Cloud Tops ◽  
Emission Strength ◽  
Streamer Breakdown

AbstractNarrow bipolar events (NBEs) are signatures in radio signals from thunderstorms observed by ground-based receivers. NBEs may occur at the onset of lightning, but the discharge process is not well understood. Here, we present spectral measurements by the Atmosphere‐Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) on the International Space Station that are associated with nine negative and three positive NBEs observed by a ground‐based array of receivers. We found that both polarities NBEs are associated with emissions at 337 nm with weak or no detectable emissions at 777.4 nm, suggesting that NBEs are associated with streamer breakdown. The rise times of the emissions for negative NBEs are about 10 μs, consistent with source locations at cloud tops where photons undergo little scattering by cloud particles, and for positive NBEs are ~1 ms, consistent with locations deeper in the clouds. For negative NBEs, the emission strength is almost linearly correlated with the peak current of the associated NBEs. Our findings suggest that ground-based observations of radio signals provide a new means to measure the occurrences and strength of cloud-top discharges near the tropopause.

scholarly journals Optical emissions associated with narrow bipolar events in radio signals from thunderstorm clouds penetrating into the stratosphere

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feifan Liu ◽  
Gaopeng Lu ◽  
Torsten Neubert ◽  
Jiuhou Lei ◽  
Olivier Chanrion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Negative Charge ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Spectral Measurements ◽  
Electrical Discharges ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Radio Signals ◽  
Cloud Tops ◽  
Streamer Breakdown

Abstract Narrow bipolar events (NBEs) are signatures in radio signals from thunderstorms observed by ground-based receivers. They are electromagnetic waves radiated by impulsive currents of electrical discharges. They come with two polarities, the positive that brings negative charge aloft, and the negative, that brings negative charge towards the earth. The sources of negative NBEs are at the very top of thunderclouds, and positive NBEs are at the upper levels, but inside the clouds. NBEs may occur at the onset of lightning, but the discharge process is not well understood. Here, we present spectral measurements by the Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) on the International Space Station that are associated with nine negative and three positive NBEs observed by a ground‐based array of receivers at the closest distance of about 100 km. We found that both negative and positive NBEs are associated with emissions at 337 nm with weak or no detectable emissions at 777.4 nm, suggesting that NBEs are associated with fast streamer breakdown. The rise times of the emissions for negative NBEs are about 10 µs, consistent with source locations at cloud tops where photons undergo little scattering by cloud particles, and for positive NBEs are ~ 1 ms, consistent with locations deeper in the clouds. For negative NBEs, the amplitude of the emissions is almost linearly correlated with the peak current of the associated NBEs. Our findings suggest that ground-based observations of radio signals provide a new means to measure the occurrences and strength of cloud-top discharges with implications for studies of perturbations of greenhouse gas concentrations at the tropopause.

ASIM TGFs associated with high peak current strokes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Mezentsev ◽  
Nikolai Østgaard ◽  
Torsten Neubert ◽  
Victor Reglero
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Space Station ◽  
High Peak ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
International Space ◽  
Lightning Discharges

<p>The Atmosphere-Space Interactions Monitor (ASIM) has been installed on board of the International Space Station in April 2018, successfully providing science data for 2.5 years. The Modular X- and Gamma-ray Sensor (MXGS) of ASIM is designed to detect Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) (short intense bursts of gamma-ray photons), produced during the initial breakdown phase of the +IC lightning discharges.</p><p> </p><p>In this contribution we report and summarize the results on the ASIM TFGs associated with high peak current lightning detections (detected by GLD and WWLLN networks). High peak current detections tend to be associated with short duration TGFs and do not exhibit a tendency to correlate with the fluence of the TGF.</p>

Human factors assessment of International Space Station (ISS) medical equipment packs

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Paige Smith ◽  
Vicky E. Byrne ◽  
Cynthia Hudy ◽  
Mihriban Whitmore
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Space Station ◽  
International Space

Dose Tracker Application for Collecting Medication Use Data from International Space Station Crew

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia. E. Wotring ◽  
LaRona K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
International Space ◽  
Flight Data ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Usability Feedback

INTRODUCTION: There are knowledge gaps in spaceflight pharmacology with insufficient in-flight data to inform future planning. This effort directly addressed in-mission medication use and also informed open questions regarding spaceflight-associated changes in pharmacokinetics (PK) and/or pharmacodynamics (PD).METHODS: An iOS application was designed to collect medication use information relevant for research from volunteer astronaut crewmembers: medication name, dose, dosing frequency, indication, perceived efficacy, and side effects. Leveraging the limited medication choices aboard allowed a streamlined questionnaire. There were 24 subjects approved for participation.RESULTS: Six crewmembers completed flight data collection and five completed ground data collection before NASA’s early study discontinuation. There were 5766 medication use entries, averaging 20.6 ± 8.4 entries per subject per flight week. Types of medications and their indications were similar to previous reports, with sleep disturbances and muscle/joint pain as primary drivers. Two subjects treated prolonged skin problems. Subjects also used the application in unanticipated ways: to note drug tolerance testing or medication holiday per research protocols, and to share data with flight surgeons. Subjects also provided usability feedback on application design and implementation.DISCUSSION: The volume of data collected (20.6 ± 8.4 entries per subject per flight week) is much greater than was collected previously (<12 per person per entire mission), despite user criticisms regarding app usability. It seems likely that improvements in a software-based questionnaire application could result in a robust data collection tool that astronauts find more acceptable, while simultaneously providing researchers and clinicians with useful data.Wotring VE, Smith LK. Dose tracker application for collecting medication use data from International Space Station crew. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(1):41–45.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document