scholarly journals Genetic discrimination: introducing the Asian perspective to the debate

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Kim ◽  
Calvin W. L. Ho ◽  
Chih-Hsing Ho ◽  
P. S. Athira ◽  
Kazuto Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Genetic Discrimination ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Employment Insurance ◽  
Policy Discussion ◽  
Policies And Practices

AbstractOur article aims to provide a comprehensive portrayal of how seven Asian jurisdictions have sought to address the challenge of genetic discrimination (GD) by presenting an analysis of the relevant legislation, policies, and practices. Based on our findings, policy discussion and action on preventing or mitigating GD have been narrowly framed in terms of employment, insurance, disability, marriage, and family planning. Except for South Korea, none of the jurisdictions we examined has adopted specific legislation to prevent GD. However, for Asia to truly benefit from its recent scientific and technological progress in genomics, we highlight the need for these jurisdictions to engage more proactively with the challenges of GD through a coordinated regulatory and governance mechanism.

Technological progress, non-price factors competitiveness, and changes in trade income elasticities: empirical evidence from South Korea and Hong Kong

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Marco Flávio Cunha Resende ◽  
Vitor Leone ◽  
Daniele Almeida Raposo Torres ◽  
Simeon Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Income Elasticities ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Catch Up

In the balance-of-payments-constrained growth model literature, income elasticities (IEs) are considered as the crucial element determining a country's long-run growth rate. Although the extant literature accepts that technology matters for IEs magnitude, explanations linking technology and IEs magnitude are limited. In this paper, we make use of the National Innovation System (NIS) concept from the Evolutionary School to explain the channels through which the size of a country's IEs is influenced by the level of development of its NIS, which in turn is a channel through which the non-price competitiveness factors work. Additionally, we empirically test the hypothesis that the catch-up allowed by NIS developments achieved in South Korea and Hong Kong improved their IEs over the 1980–1995 period. Our empirical results suggest a link between the level of NIS development and the size of the IEs.

scholarly journals Integrating Parasite Eradication with Family Planning: The Colonial Legacy in Post-War Medical Cooperation in East Asia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Homei ◽  
John P DiMoia
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
South Korea ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Colonial Legacy ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Colonial Legacies ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S

Summary This article depicts how anti-parasite and family planning campaigns developed in Japan and Korea independently after the Second World War, as specifically domestic public health initiatives that directly contributed to the post-war reconstruction (Japan) and nation-building (South Korea) exercises, and examines how they were later incorporated into development aid projects from the 1960s. By juxtaposing domestic histories of Japan as a former coloniser, and South Korea as its former colony, the article explores colonial legacies in post-war medical cooperation in East Asia. Furthermore, by clarifying how Japanese and South Korean development aid projects both grew from the links that existed in their respective domestic histories, the article aims to highlight complexities engrained in the history and to shed new light on a historiography that often locates the origins of development aid in colonial history.

Fertility, Marriage, and Family Planning in Iran: Implications for Future Policy

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meimanat Hosseini-Chavoshi ◽  
Mohammad Jalal Abbasi-Shavazi ◽  
Peter McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Program Policy ◽  
The Government

Abstract The Islamic Republic of Iran has experienced a remarkable demographic transition over the last three decades. As a result of social, demographic and economic changes, Iran’s fertility declined from 7.0 births per woman in 1980 to around 1.8 to 2.0 in 2011 based on our estimation (McDonald et al. 2015). The initial rise and rapid fall of fertility accompanied by a decline of child mortality led to a post-revolutionary youth bulge in the age distribution that will lead to rapid ageing in the longer-term future. Others have argued that Iran’s fertility has fallen to much lower levels - as low as 1.5 births per woman (eg. Erfani 2013). Such low estimates led to the Government of Iran adopting a pronatalist policy with the aim of increasing fertility, although the components of the policy are still under discussion. Different views have been expressed on the role of family planning and other programs in meeting population policy goals in Iran in the future with some advocating the discontinuation of government assistance to family planning. This paper aims to review the trends and levels of fertility, marriage, and family planning and their implications for policy. Using various datasets and detailed parity-based measures of fertility, the dynamics of fertility regulation practiced by Iranian couples are investigated. Our findings suggest that contraceptive use stabilized before 2000 and postponement of the first child and wide birth intervals are the main contributors to the level of fertility. Therefore, instead of discontinuation of the family planning program, policy to sustain fertility at its present level or a little higher needs to focus upon improving the economic circumstances of young people so that they are able to make less constrained choices about family formation than is the case at present.

Intersections of girl child marriage and family planning beliefs and use: qualitative findings from Ethiopia and India

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 799-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. McClendon ◽  
Lotus McDougal ◽  
Sankari Ayyaluru ◽  
Yemeserach Belayneh ◽  
Anand Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Girl Child ◽  
Marriage And Family

Providing Reassurance and Affirmation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. DiMoia
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
South Korea ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
South Korean ◽  
National University ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Seoul National University ◽  
Voluntary Program

This chapter looks at the voluntary vasectomy campaigns headed by Dr. Lee Hui-Yong at Seoul National University hospital, concurrent with ongoing family planning campaigns for much of the 1960s and 1970s. In particular, the surgery was first tested on a range of civilian subjects before becoming specifically attached to the Home Reserve Army (Yebigun), a body created in the late 1960s in the aftermath of a North Korean incursion and direct assault on the Blue House, or presidential residence. In a wonderful bit of irony, the hyper-masculinist rhetoric of the period asked South Korean males to stand for the nation, to father children and nurture them, and at the same time, to curb their reproductive urges after a proscribed number of children. Carrying into the 1970s, reservists received additional incentives (access to apartments, education for children, reduced reserve periods) for compliance with the “voluntary program. The logic and zeal of the program was such that numbers continued to peak into the 1980s and early 1990s, even as South Korea underwent democratization and the transition to pro-natal initiatives.

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