scholarly journals Different Synchrony in Rhythmic Movement Caused by Morphological Difference between Five- and Six-armed Brittle Stars

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiki Wakita ◽  
Yumino Hayase ◽  
Hitoshi Aonuma
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Difference ◽  
Rhythmic Movement ◽  
Brittle Stars

scholarly journals Morphological consistency of bilateral hip joints in adults based on the X-ray and CT data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Zhao ◽  
Hong Cai ◽  
Hua Tian ◽  
Ke Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hip Joint ◽  
Morphological Difference ◽  
Medullary Cavity ◽  
Size Difference ◽  
Single Plane ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stem Size ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
Anatomical Parameters

Abstract Purpose The application of the anatomical parameters of the contralateral hip joint to guide the preoperative template of the affected side relies on the bilateral hip symmetry. We investigated the bilateral hip symmetry and range of anatomical variations by measurement and comparison of bilateral hip anatomical parameters. Methods This study included 224 patients (448 hips) who were diagnosed with osteoarthritis (OA) and avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femur head, and underwent bilateral primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in our hospital from January 2012 to August 2020. Imaging data included 224 patients X-ray and 30 CT data at the end of the cohort. Anatomical parameters, including the acetabular abduction angle and trochanteric height, were measured using the Noble method. Postoperative measurements included stem size, difference of leg length and offset. Results Except for the isthmus width, there were no significant differences in the anatomical morphology of the hip joint. Among the demographic factors, there was a correlation between body weight and NSA. Among various anatomical parameters, a correlation was present between medullary cavity widths of T + 20, T, and T − 20. The difference in the use of stem size is not due to the morphological difference of bilateral medullary cavity, but due to the different of 1- or 2-stage surgery. Conclusion Bilateral symmetry was present among the patients with normal morphology of the hip medullary cavity, theoretically confirming the feasibility of structural reconstruction of the hip joint using the hip joint on the uninjured side. Additionally, the difference in the morphology of the hip medullary cavity is not present in a single plane but is synergistically affected by multiple adjacent planes.

scholarly journals CNN-Based Classifier as an Offline Trigger for the CREDO Experiment

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4804
Author(s):  
Marcin Piekarczyk ◽  
Olaf Bar ◽  
Łukasz Bibrzycki ◽  
Michał Niedźwiecki ◽  
Krzysztof Rzecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transforms ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Morphological Difference ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Input Image ◽  
Image Features ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Cmos Sensor ◽  
Competition Process

Gamification is known to enhance users’ participation in education and research projects that follow the citizen science paradigm. The Cosmic Ray Extremely Distributed Observatory (CREDO) experiment is designed for the large-scale study of various radiation forms that continuously reach the Earth from space, collectively known as cosmic rays. The CREDO Detector app relies on a network of involved users and is now working worldwide across phones and other CMOS sensor-equipped devices. To broaden the user base and activate current users, CREDO extensively uses the gamification solutions like the periodical Particle Hunters Competition. However, the adverse effect of gamification is that the number of artefacts, i.e., signals unrelated to cosmic ray detection or openly related to cheating, substantially increases. To tag the artefacts appearing in the CREDO database we propose the method based on machine learning. The approach involves training the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to recognise the morphological difference between signals and artefacts. As a result we obtain the CNN-based trigger which is able to mimic the signal vs. artefact assignments of human annotators as closely as possible. To enhance the method, the input image signal is adaptively thresholded and then transformed using Daubechies wavelets. In this exploratory study, we use wavelet transforms to amplify distinctive image features. As a result, we obtain a very good recognition ratio of almost 99% for both signal and artefacts. The proposed solution allows eliminating the manual supervision of the competition process.

Lack of acclimation in Ophionotus victoriae: brittle stars are not fish

Polar Biology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd S. Peck ◽  
Alison Massey ◽  
Michael A. S. Thorne ◽  
Melody S. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Brittle Stars

Mitral and Tufted Cells Differ in the Decoding Manner of Odor Maps in the Rat Olfactory Bulb

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 2532-2540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Nagayama ◽  
Yuji K. Takahashi ◽  
Yoshihiro Yoshihara ◽  
Kensaku Mori
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Spike Activity ◽  
Homologous Series ◽  
Morphological Difference ◽  
Aliphatic Acid ◽  
Mitral Cells ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
Aliphatic Acids ◽  
Projection Pattern ◽  
Tufted Cells

Mitral and tufted cells in the mammalian olfactory bulb are principal neurons, each type having distinct projection pattern of their dendrites and axons. The morphological difference suggests that mitral and tufted cells are functionally distinct and may process different aspects of olfactory information. To examine this possibility, we recorded odorant-evoked spike responses from mitral and middle tufted cells in the aliphatic acid- and aldehyde-responsive cluster at the dorsomedial part of the rat olfactory bulb. Homologous series of aliphatic acids and aldehydes were used for odorant stimulation. In response to adequate odorants, mitral cells showed spike responses with relatively low firing rates, whereas middle tufted cells responded with higher firing rates. Examination of the molecular receptive range (MRR) indicated that most mitral cells exhibited a robust inhibitory MRR, whereas a majority of middle tufted cells showed no or only a weak inhibitory MRR. In addition, structurally different odorants that activated neighboring clusters inhibited the spike activity of mitral cells, whereas they caused no or only a weak inhibition in the middle tufted cells. Furthermore, responses of mitral cells to an adequate excitatory odorant were greatly inhibited by mixing the odorant with other odorants that activated neighboring glomeruli. In contrast, odorants that activated neighboring glomeruli did not significantly inhibit the responses of middle tufted cells to the adequate excitatory odorant. These results indicate a clear difference between mitral and middle tufted cells in the manner of decoding the glomerular odor maps.

scholarly journals Rhythmic movement disorder after general anesthesia

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 371 ◽  
Author(s):  
ArneO Budde ◽  
Sonia Vaida ◽  
Megan Freestone-Bernd
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Movement Disorder ◽  
Rhythmic Movement ◽  
Rhythmic Movement Disorder

Functional design of microvilli in the Malpighian tubules of the insect Rhodnius prolixus

1983 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-135
Author(s):  
T.J. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Morphological Difference ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Narrow Channels ◽  
Morphological Specialization ◽  
Mitochondrial Volume ◽  
The Mean

The Malpighian tubules of Rhodnius prolixus are divided into two regions; the upper tubule, which is the site of isosmotic secretion and haemolymph filtration, and the lower tubule where water and KCl are resorbed. In the upper tubule the microvilli are arranged in clumps consisting of several hundred microvilli lying closely parallel. The microvillar plasma membranes do not touch but are held approximately equal to 16 nm apart along the full length of the microvilli. As a consequence, the extracellular space between the microvilli consists of long narrow channels. A morphometric analysis of extracellular, cytoplasmic, endoplasmic reticular and mitochondrial volume within the clumps was conducted. Using the secretion rate of the epithelium and the channel dimensions, it was calculated that the mean residence time for secreted fluid in the intermicrovillar spaces was approximately equal to 0.4s. In view of our current knowledge of the physiology and morphology of the upper tubule, it is argued: (1) that osmotically driven water passes principally through the cells, not the junctional spaces; and (2) that the microvillar clumps are a morphological specialization, which serves to maximize solute-water coupling in the upper tubule. The microvilli in the lower tubule are free-standing, with no pattern of clumping as in the upper tubule. The axopods are about twice as long as the microvilli (10-14 micron) and are found in all regions of the lower tubule. This is in agreement with the proposal that the motile axopods serve to propel uric acid crystals through the lower tubule. No morphological difference was found between the upper and lower halves of the lower tubule, although the two portions are known to be physiologically distinct.

The Morphological Difference Between Maxillary Posterior Teeth In Saudi Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elhejazi ◽  
Abdulrahman Ahmed Alanazi ◽  
Khalid Alanazi ◽  
Fahad Alqahtani ◽  
Yousef Mohammed Shabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Difference ◽  
Saudi Population ◽  
Posterior Teeth

scholarly journals Phenetic Analysis of Cultivated Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Y. S. Chen ◽  
M. Dayod ◽  
C. S. Tawan
Keyword(s):  
Principle Component Analysis ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Morphological Difference ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Phenetic Analysis ◽  
Principle Component ◽  
Key Characteristics

Phenetic analysis of all the black pepper cultivars in Malaysia is crucial to determine the morphological difference among them. The objective of this study is to ascertain the morphological distinctness and interrelationships among the cultivars to ensure registration of each variety under the Plant Variety Protection Act, as a prerequisite toward implementation of a monovarietal farm policy in the future. Cluster analysis revealed that cultivars “Semongok Aman” and “Semongok 1” have high distinctness values for identification; thus, varietal diagnosis for the two cultivars is easy. Cultivars “Nyerigai,” “India,” “Semongok Perak,” and “Semongok Emas” were grouped in the most diverse clusters among the ten cultivars studied. The four cultivars have a similarity index as high as 92%; however, investigation of leaf width, leaf width-length ratio, seed weight, and conversion rate (fresh to black pepper) gives the ability to determine the characteristic differences. Cultivars “Lampung Daun Lebar” and “Yong Petai” have a similarity of 96%; however, the two showed distinctive differences in leaf width, leaf length-width ratio, spike thickness, and spike length characteristics. On the contrary, cultivars “Kuching” and “Sarikei” showed the highest similarity index, at 98%, and thus are among the most difficult cultivars to diagnose the morphological difference. However, the principle component analysis showed that the fruit size and seed diameter were the important diagnostic key characteristics. Overall, the leaf width, leaf width-length ratio, fruit spike, and conversion rate characteristics are among the key characteristics to differentiate among cultivars of black pepper in Malaysia. At the same time, the principle component analysis carried out has enlightened some interrelationships on the morphological characteristics between cultivars. This information is crucial for the future of the plant varietal improvement program in Malaysia.

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