A mathematical model to predict mean time to delivery following cervical ripening with dinoprostone vaginal insert

Background: Active induction of labour in prelabour rupture of membranes resulted in a lower risk of maternal and fetal sepsis as compared to conservative management. Pre-induction cervical ripening helps in successful induction of labour.in this study we have compared the efficacy of low dose 25 mcg oral misoprostol versus intracervical PGE2 gel for cervical ripening in term PROM patients.Methods: Women with pregnancies between 37 and 41 weeks gestational age presenting with PROM at term and a Bishop score of 4 or less were randomly assigned to receive either a 25-mcg oral misoprostol every 4-hourly interval or 3 applications of intracervical PGE2 gel at a 6-hour interval for effective cervical ripening. Oxytocin was initiated if labor had not started after 6 hours of last effective dose of prostaglandin.Results: Fifty-three women (75.73%) (n = 70) in the oral misoprostol group with 2 doses, 4 hours apart had successful cervical ripening within 8 hours in comparison to sixty-two women (88.58%) (n = 70) in the intracervical PGE2 gel group with 2 doses, 6 hrs apart approximately 12 hrs for successful ripening. (p = 0.021). Oral misoprostol group needed shorter mean duration interval for the Bishop score <4 to >6 than intracervical PGE2 gel group, 7.84±3.64 hours and 9.39±4.20 hours respectively (p = 0.022). Similarly, the mean time duration interval from ruptured membranes to vaginal delivery in oral misoprostol was shorter i.e. 12.60±3.78 hours versus 14.66±4.08 hours (p = 0.005).Conclusions: Low dose 25 mcg oral misoprostol is a safe, efficacious and better tolerated alternative to intracervical PGE2 gel for pre-induction cervical ripening in especially in PROM patients at term.

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Comparative study of intra vaginal misoprostol (PGE1) with intracervical dinoprostone (PGE2) gel for induction of labour

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20183792 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 3769

Author(s):

Bina M. Raval ◽

Nainesh S. Zalavadiya ◽

Pushpa A. Yadava ◽

Shital T. Mehta

Keyword(s):

Caesarean Section Rate ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Active Phase ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cervical Ripening ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Misoprostol Group ◽

The Mean ◽

Vaginal Misoprostol ◽

Mean Time

Background: Labour is a final consequence of Pregnancy and is inevitable. The timing of labour may vary widely but it will happen sooner or later. The aim of the present research was to study the safety, efficacy and effect of intra vaginal Misoprostol and intra cervical Dinoprostone gel for induction of labour.Methods: 100 patients who required labour of induction were included in this prospective cross-sectional study from September 2017- March 2018. 50 patients of them received 25mcg tablet misoprostol intravaginal and 50 patients of them required 0.5mg intracervical dinoprostone gel and doses were repeated every 6 hourly for up to maximum 6 doses for Misoprostol and 3 doses for Dinoprostone gel.Results: The majority of patients had gestational age above 40 weeks and between 37-40 weeks in PGE2 and PGE1 group respectively. The mean time taken for the onset of labour was less in Misoprostol than in Dinoprostone group (43.22min v/s 1 hr40 min). The mean time taken for induction to active phase of labour (1hr 42min v/s 4hr 10min) and active phase to delivery (3hr 6min v/s 4hr54min) was less in Misoprostol than Dinoprostone group. The mean time required for induction to delivery was less in Misoprostol group (5hr 2min v/s 11hrs). Requirement of oxytocin for augmentation of labour was almost equal in both groups. Caesarean section rate was less in Misoprostol group (10% v/s 22%). Maternal side effects were minimal in either groups and neonatal outcome was good in both the groups.Conclusions: Both Misoprostol and Dinoprostone gel are safe, effective for cervical ripening and induction but Misoprostol is more cost effective and stable at room temperature.

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Fault Forecast Technology of Machine Based on Grey Theory for Aero-Engine Product Line

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.338.718 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 338 ◽

pp. 718-722 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bing Chen ◽

Ting Yang ◽

Jun De Qi

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

High Accuracy ◽

Product Line ◽

Grey Theory ◽

Mean Time Between Failures ◽

Time Between Failures ◽

Aero Engine ◽

Machine Fault ◽

The Mathematical Model ◽

Mean Time

Facing to the dynamic process of machine running, grey theory is introduced to increase the accuracy of forecast on machine fault. Firstly the mathematical model of the machine fault is constructed according to the life cycle of machine. Mean time between failures is defined as a tool to describe the fault on the machine. Moreover the fault is predicted respectively according to amount of data sample. And the produce to build the grey information model is given in this paper in detail. Finally an actual aero-engine casing production line is presented as an example to validate the algorithms in this paper. The results show that the fault forecast based on grey theory has high accuracy.

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For elective inductions at term, does cervical ripening with misoprostol result in shorter time to delivery than dinoprostone?

Evidence-Based Practice ◽

10.1097/ebp.0000000000000900 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽

Author(s):

Joel Soma ◽

Chee Lor ◽

Sarah Roe ◽

Kathryn Freeman

Keyword(s):

Cervical Ripening ◽

Time To Delivery

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Mathematical Models of Mb/M/1 Bulk Arrival Queueing System

Journal of the Institute of Engineering ◽

10.3126/jie.v10i1.10899 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 184-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sushil Ghimire ◽

R. P. Ghimire ◽

Gyan Bahadur Thapa

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Function Method ◽

Queueing System ◽

Batch Size ◽

Queueing Model ◽

Mean Waiting Time ◽

Bulk Arrival ◽

Number Of Customers ◽

The Mathematical Model ◽

Mean Time

This paper deals with the study of bulk queueing model with the fixed batch size ‘b’ and customers arrive to the system with Poisson fashion with the rate λ and are severed exponentially with the rate μ. On formulating the mathematical model, we obtain the expressions for mean waiting time in the queue, mean time spent in the system, mean number of customers/work pieces in the queue and in the system by using generating function method. Some numerical illustrations are also obtained by using MATLAB-7 so as to show the applicability of the model under study.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v10i1.10899Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2014, pp. 184–191

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Intravenous Dexamethasone Versus Vaginal Misoprostol in Enhancing Cervical Ripening and Labor Induction

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab115.021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed Mahmoud Salman ◽

Fekria Ahmed Salama ◽

Mina Yacoub

Keyword(s):

Total Duration ◽

Active Phase ◽

Labor Induction ◽

Induction Of Labor ◽

Cervical Ripening ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Time Interval ◽

Vaginal Misoprostol ◽

Mean Time

Abstract Background Induction of labor is one of the most common procedures performed in the world of Obstetrics. Traditionally, labor induction is performed using prostaglandin and oxytocin. However, usage of corticosteroids nowadays is gaining a lot of interest regarding its effects on cervical ripening and shortening the physiological process of labor. Aim of work to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous dexamethasone versus vaginal misoprostol in enhancing cervical ripening and labor induction. Patients and Methods A randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital on (60) full term pregnant women between 39 – 42 weeks undergoing induction of labor, during a period from April 01, 2019 to November 30, 2019. Pregnant women were divided into two groups; vaginal misoprostol (control) group and intravenous dexamethasone (experimental) group (30 cases each). Results Our study showed that the mean time interval (hours) from initiation of labor induction to initiation of active phase was statistically significantly shorter among the dexamethasone (experimental) group 7.36 ± 2.23 versus 12.20 ± 4.92 hours among the vaginal misoprostol (control) group (p value < 0.001). Also, the mean time interval of the total duration between the induction of labor to successful vaginal delivery was statistically significantly shorter among the dexamethasone group 10.90 ± 4.17 versus 19.20 ± 5.62 hours among the vaginal misoprostol group (p value < 0.001). The results of this study showed the rate of initiation of active phase and rate of successful vaginal delivery were more in the experimental dexamethasone group than the control vaginal misoprostol control group. Conclusion Intravenous injection of 8 mg of dexamethasone before induction of labor is found to shorten the duration of labor induction by reducing the time interval between the initiation of labor induction and onset of active phase and the total duration from initiation of labor induction to delivery with no marked maternal or fetal complications. Recommendations Intravenous Dexamethasone can help cervical ripening and accelerate induction of labor. Further research should be taken in consideration with more population for more global evaluation.

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Reliability assessment for multi-state automatic ticket vending machine (ATVM) through software and hardware failures

Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering ◽

10.1108/jqme-08-2020-0089 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Amit Kumar ◽

Pardeep Kumar

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Time To Failure ◽

Content Type ◽

Software Failures ◽

Model Based ◽

Software And Hardware ◽

Hardware Failures ◽

Critical Components ◽

Mean Time ◽

Lagrange’S Method

PurposeThis paper presents the performance analysis of the automatic ticket vending machine (ATVM) through the functioning of its different hardware and software failures.Design/methodology/approachFrequent failures in the working of ATVM have been observed; therefore, the authors of the paper intend to analyze the performance measures of the same. Authors have developed a mathematical model based on different hardware and software failures/repairs, which may occur during the operation, with the help of the Markov process. The developed model has been solved for two kinds of failure/repair rates namely variable failures (very much similar to real-time failure) and constant failures. Lagrange's method and Laplace transformation are used for the solution of the developed model.FindingsReliability and mean time to failure of the ATVM are determined. Sensitivity analysis for ATVM is also carried out in the paper. Critical components of the ATVM, which affect the performance of the same, in terms of reliability and MTTF are also identified.Originality/valueA mathematical model based on different hardware and software failures/repairs of ATVM has been developed to analyze its performance, which has not been done in the past.

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Diffusion-Weighted and Intravoxel Incoherent Motion MRI of the pregnant cervix as a tool to monitor cervical ripening

Proceedings of IMPRS ◽

10.18060/23623 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Adam Warner, BS ◽

Gary Hutchins, PhD ◽

Yu-Chien Wu, MD PhD ◽

Brandon Brown, MD ◽

Monica Forbes-Amrhein, MD PhD

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Cervical Length ◽

Intravoxel Incoherent Motion ◽

Cervical Ripening ◽

Capillary Perfusion ◽

Pregnant Females ◽

Diffusion Weighted ◽

Apparent Diffusion ◽

Time To Delivery

Background and Hypothesis: Preterm delivery is a major source of infant morbidity and mortality and is difficult to predict. The process of cervical ripening prior to delivery has known histologic changes including breakdown of collagen and increasing water content. It is hypothesized that the diffusion of water, which can be measured on MRI, will increase as the cervical water content increases. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is a form of MRI that measures the random Brownian motion of water molecules (represented as the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)). Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI further subdivides the ADC into microcapillary perfusion (D*) and diffusion (D). We hypothesize that as the pregnant cervix ripens near delivery, diffusion of water within the cervix (ADC and D) will increase without changes in the capillary perfusion (D*). We sought to determine the relationship between ADC, D*, D, gestational age, and time to delivery in a cohort of volunteer pregnant females. Experimental Design or Project Methods: DWI and IVIM MR studies from a cohort of 45 volunteer pregnant females with no known underlying fetal anomalies were examined. Subglandular and stromal cervix thickness and cervical length were measured along with the ADC, D*, and D of the subglandular and stromal cervix. Gestational history and delivery information was documented. Results: Subglandular ADC inversely correlated with time to delivery (r=-0.393, p=0.052). Although not significant, subglandular D revealed a trend of increasing with increased gestation age (r=0.261, p=0.149). Subglandular ADC also varied inversely with thickness of the subglandular cervix (r=-0.352, p=0.047). Subglandular D* varied inversely with maternal age (r=-0.380, p=0.028). Conclusion and Potential Impact: Our data support the hypothesized trend of increased diffusion of water within the cervix with unchanged capillary perfusion as a normal pregnancy progressed throughout the second and third trimesters. This study suggests that diffusion measures (ADC and D) follow a predictable progression during the course of a normal pregnancy and have the potential to provide a means of predicting preterm labor in the setting of preterm cervical ripening.

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Reliability and Availability analysis of a cloud computing transition system under multiple failures

International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management ◽

10.1108/ijqrm-08-2019-0254 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (6/7) ◽

pp. 823-835

Author(s):

Monika Manglik ◽

Nitesh Rawat ◽

Mangey Ram

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Cloud Computing ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Transition System ◽

Time To Failure ◽

Reliability Measures ◽

Variable Technique ◽

Content Type ◽

Availability Analysis ◽

Mean Time

PurposeTo analyze the performance of multistate cloud computing transition system through the various reliability measures is the purpose of this paper.Design/methodology/approachIn this article, a mathematical model for a multistate cloud computing transition system with various types of failures has been analyzed by using the Markov process, supplementary variable technique and Laplace transformation.FindingsVarious reliability measures such that reliability, availability, mean time to failure (MTTF), mean time to repair and cost analysis have also been analyzed. This article presents some geographic illustrations for the practical utility of the model.Originality/valueThe authors developed a mathematical model to analyze the reliability of the cloud computing transition system by considering the possible failures.

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