scholarly journals Ant-mealybug mutualism modulates the performance of co-occurring herbivores

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Xu ◽  
Jia Su ◽  
Xiaobin Qu ◽  
Aiming Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Leaf Roller ◽  
Egg Abundance

Abstract Mutualism between ants and honeydew producing hemipterans has been extensively studied. However, little is known on how ant-hemipteran mutualism impacts the co-occurring herbivores, which in turn affect the mutual relationship in ecosystems. Herein, we investigated the effect of ant-mealybug mutualism on the oviposition preference and spatial distribution of cotton leaf roller Sylepta derogata, a polyphagous herbivore, and in Apantetes derogatae performance, a larvae parasitoid of S. derogata. Leaf rollers constructed shelters for mealybugs to prevent them from enemy attack and preferred to lay eggs on plants with ant-mealybug mutualism. Egg abundance on mutualism-present plants was higher than on mutualism-absent plants. Leaf roller parasitoid A. derogatae showed higher parasitism on mutualism-absent plants. No obvious change in leaf roller egg abundance was observed when A. derogatae was excluded, suggesting that the parasitic pressure can also regulate the oviposition behavior of S. derogate. Apantetes derogatae showed higher aggressiveness in parasitizing leaf roller larvae at the absence of the mutualism. There was a definite correlation between leaf roller egg abundance and the number of patrolling ants on plants. Without ant-mealybug mutualism, S. derogata eggs showed a significantly aggregated distribution pattern, but a uniform distribution pattern was observed when the mutualism was present. Ant workers showed a consistently uniform distribution on plants. The results reveal a novel mediation effect of ant-mealybug association on the composition and structure of food webs in cotton field, which may contribute to a better understanding of the cascading effects of ant-hemipteran mutualism on other niche-related species in ecosystem.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana against the cotton leaf roller, Haritalodes (Syllepte) derogata (Fabricius, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) under laboratory conditions.

2021 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 16254-16266
Author(s):  
Dannon H. Fabrice ◽  
Douro Kpindou O. Kobi ◽  
Toffa Mehinto Joelle ◽  
Zantchedji D. M. Désiré ◽  
Zinsou A. Valerien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Plant Laboratory ◽  
Leaf Roller ◽  
Synthetic Pesticides ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Method

Objective: The leaf-roller caterpillar Haritalodes (=Syllepte) derogata (Fabricius, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) induces high yield losses by damaging cotton leaves and reducing the photosynthetic activity of the plant. Laboratory bioassays were carried to evaluate the effect of Beauveria bassiana on the survival of H. derogata larvae. Methodology and results: In the first trial, screening of thirteen B. bassiana isolates was performed on third larval instars at 107 conidia.mL-1 . In the second trial, effects of five concentrations (105 to 109 conidia.mL-1 ) of the three best isolates of the fungus were tested. Conidia suspension was applied on each larva topically. Germination rates of conidia used varied between 90.2% to 95.7%, 24 hours after incubation. Five isolates were found to be the most promising namely Bb116, Bb3, Bb11, Bb6 and Bb115. In the second bioassay, caterpillar mortality increased with fungal concentration. Lethal Concentration (LC50) was estimated to 1.18x1015 conidia.mL-1 , 1.75x1013 conidia.mL-1 , 1.75x1013 conidia.mL-1 , 9 days after inoculation for Bb3, Bb11 and Bb115, respectively. Conclusion and application of results: The use of B. bassiana as a biopesticide against H. derogata could be a good alternative method to control the pest. It is an environmentally friendly method with less side effects compared to the application of synthetic pesticides on cotton. This method could be tested in future station and field experiments. Keywords: Cotton, Integrated pest management, Haritalodes (=Syllepte) derogata, Beauveria bassiana, Lethal Concentration.

Complete mitochondrial genome of Cotton Leaf Roller Haritalodes derogata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 2833-2834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Yang Sun ◽  
Liubin Xiao ◽  
Yongan Tan ◽  
Lixin Bai
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Leaf Roller

Oviposition Preference and Larval Performance of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), Spotted-Wing Drosophila: Effects of Fruit Identity and Composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laure Olazcuaga ◽  
Nicolas O Rode ◽  
Julien Foucaud ◽  
Benoit Facon ◽  
Virginie Ravigné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Spotted Wing Drosophila ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
And Performance

Abstract A better understanding of the factors affecting host plant use by spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) could aid in the development of efficient management tools and practices to control this pest. Here, proxies of both preference (maternal oviposition behavior) and performance (adult emergence) were evaluated for 12 different fruits in the form of purees. The effect of the chemical composition of the fruits on preference and performance traits was then estimated. We synthesized the literature to interpret our findings in the light of previous studies that measured oviposition preference and larval performance of D. suzukii. We show that fruit identity influences different parts of the life cycle, including oviposition preference under both choice and no-choice conditions, emergence rate, development time, and number of emerging adults. Blackcurrant was always among the most preferred fruit we used, while grape and tomato were the least preferred fruits. Larvae performed better in cranberry, raspberry, strawberry, and cherry than in the other fruits tested. We found that fruit chemical compounds can explain part of the effect of fruit on D. suzukii traits. In particular, oviposition preference under choice conditions was strongly influenced by fruit phosphorus content. In general, the consensus across studies is that raspberry, blackberry, and strawberry are among the best hosts while blackcurrant, grape and rose hips are poor hosts. Our results generally confirm this view but also suggest that oviposition preferences do not necessarily match larval performances. We discuss opportunities to use our results to develop new approaches for pest management.

Effects of Phenology on Translocation Patterns of Several Herbicides in Quackgrass,Agropyron repens

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
Jack Dekker
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Butyl Ester ◽  
Nonuniform Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Rhizome System

A growth room study was conducted to evaluate the effect that timing of application has on the distribution of several herbicides in quackgrass. Uniformly labeled14C-sucrose and the radiolabeled herbicides glyphosate, sethoxydim, the butyl ester of fluazifop, and the methyl ester of haloxyfop were applied to quackgrass (ranging from the three- to eight-leaf stage) propagated from six-bud rhizome segments. Five days after treatment the plants were harvested, lyophilized, and later sectioned, mapped, and oxidized in preparation for14C quantification. In most cases, slightly more14C was translocated to the shoots than to the rhizomes.14C translocation to the rhizomes was similar at all growth stages. The14C accumulating in the rhizomes exhibited a nonuniform distribution pattern with more14C in the distal areas of new rhizomes than in the other areas of the rhizome system. Plants treated with haloxyfop had a more uniform distribution of14C along their rhizomes than did those treated with fluazifop or sethoxydim.

Resistance of Cotton Varieties to Cotton Leaf Roller,Sylepta Derogata(Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Under Field Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-280
Author(s):  
A.I. Yahaya ◽  
S.G. Ado ◽  
M.F. Ishiyaku ◽  
I. Onu ◽  
A. Usman
Keyword(s):  
Field Conditions ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Leaf Roller

scholarly journals Iological and behavioral aspects of two laboratory strains of ceratitis capitata (diptera: tephritidae): the influence of periodic introduction of wild flies in the colony

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Sordi Joachim-Bravo ◽  
Alberto Moreira da Silva Neto ◽  
Vanessa Simões Dias
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Ingestion Rate ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Food Ingestion ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Mating Choice

The healthy maintenance of insects reared under laboratory conditions requires strategies to retain the natural characteristics of their life-histories traits. Rearing strategies include artificial selection to laboratory conditions, hybridization with compatible strains, and supplying the colony with wild individuals. We compared behavioral as well as life-history aspects of two laboratory strains of Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera, Tephritidae) that had either been reared for 15-20 years under laboratory conditions with or without introducing wild specimens (Lab-Pop and Hybrid-pop, respectively). The parameters evaluated were: performance and food ingestion of immatures, adult size and longevity, female oviposition preference and fecundity, egg viability, and mating choice. Analyses of these parameters were conducted under laboratory rearing conditions. The largest differences observed between the two strains were related to behavioral components: food ingestion rate at the larval stage and oviposition behavior. In general, Lab-Pop individuals were less selective and more adapted to the artificial diet than Hybrid-Pop individuals (diet consumption), but there were no significant differences between the two strains in terms of percentage of emergence, egg viability, adult size, fecundity, and mating choice. It is suggested that the use of hybrid strains is more appropriate than the use of strains without the incorporation of wild individuals, especially in studies that involve behavioral parameters, as hybrid strains behave very similarly to wild populations, according our previous studies.

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