scholarly journals The importance of socioeconomic position in smoking, cessation and environmental tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Madureira ◽  
Alexandra Camelo ◽  
Ana Inês Silva ◽  
Ana Teresa Reis ◽  
Filipa Esteves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exposure During Pregnancy

Abstract Tobacco is still a leading cause of premature death and morbidity. Particular attention has been given to pregnant women due to the scientific evidence on the importance of early life exposures for disease onset later in life. The purpose of this study was to assess smoking prevalence, smoking cessation rate and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, and the role of socioeconomic position (SEP) on these behaviors among pregnant women. Cross-sectional data of 619 pregnant women, aged between 18 and 46 years, from Porto Metropolitan Area, Portugal, on current smoking, ETS exposure and SEP indicators was collected, face-to-face, using a questionnaire filled in during a personal interview at the postpartum hospital stay. The smoking prevalence, and ETS exposure among non-smokers before pregnancy was 27.6% and 57.4%, respectively. 4.1% of the participants reported to have stopped smoking before pregnancy, whereas about 41% quitted along pregnancy, resulting in a smoking prevalence at birth of 14.6%. Exposure to ETS also decreased throughout pregnancy to 49.8% at birth. Lower educational level was significantly associated with both higher smoking prevalence and exposure to ETS and lower smoking cessation. This study demonstrates that smoking and ETS exposure during pregnancy remains high, and that there are still significant socioeconomic inequalities in smoking; thus tobacco-focused preventive interventions need to be reinforced.

scholarly journals Questionnaire-Based Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Hair Nicotine Levels in 6-month-old Infants: A Validation Study in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2096928
Author(s):  
Siti Rahayu Nadhiroh ◽  
Kusharisupeni Djokosujono ◽  
Diah Mulyawati Utari ◽  
Armedy Ronny Hasugian
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Hair Samples

Objectives. Using hair nicotine as the gold standard, this study aimed to establish cutoff points and validate the questionnaire-based environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and ETS statuses of Indonesian infants. Methods. A cross-sectional study design was conducted among families who were participants of the Peer Health Cohort Study in Jakarta, Indonesia. Households with 6-month-old infants joined this study. The presence and amount of ETS exposure were assessed by both questionnaire and hair sampling for nicotine determination. Head hair samples were collected from 102 infants and measured by optimized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Infants were grouped as ETS-exposed if they lived with at least 1 smoker at home. We used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to assess the sensitivity and specificity of cutoff values of hair nicotine. Results. There were 78 (76.5%) infants exposed to ETS based on the questionnaire. The nicotine concentrations in hair were significantly higher in infants with ETS exposure than in those without ETS exposure ( P < .001). The area under the curve for nicotine was 0.774. A hair nicotine cutoff value of 2.37 ng/mg, with a sensitivity of 67.95% and specificity of 83.33%, was identified as the optimal cutoff value for separating exposed from non-exposed to ETS in infants. Conclusion. The hair nicotine value of infants aged 6 months is useful in confirming the questionnaire on smoking in the household and exposure to ETS. Moreover, it also could be used to distinguish ETS-exposed from non-ETS-exposed infants.

scholarly journals Discrepancy between Self-Reported and Urine Cotinine-Verified Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure among Rural Pregnant Women in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Xiao ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Xiaoxiao Song ◽  
Qinghua Xu ◽  
Siwei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Family

Prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is the most modifiable risk factor associated with adverse child-health outcomes. However, few longitudinal studies are implemented to compare the rates of discrepancy between self-reported (SR) and urinary cotinine (UC)-verified ETS exposure during the three trimesters of pregnancy, especially in rural areas. The objectives of this study were to assess the discrepancy between SR and UC-verified ETS exposure among rural women employing three measures throughout pregnancy, and to explore predictors related to these differences. This study used a prospective prenatal cohort consisting of 420 pregnant women whose ETS exposure was entirely evaluated by both SR and UC verification across three trimesters of pregnancy. Environmental tobacco exposure was assessed via SR verification, and was validated using the limit of detection for UC. The discrepancy rates were determined for each trimester. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the predictors associated with these differences. The discrepancy rates between SR and UC verification were 25.2%, 17.1%, and 20.5% (first, second, and third trimester, respectively). The highest inconsistency occurred in the first trimester. After adjusting for confounding factors, the following variables were found to have statistically significant associations with the discrepancy rate between SR and UC-verified ETS exposure: the number of smokers in the family and household income for all three trimesters, township site for the second and third trimester, and gravidity for the last trimester. The SR rate of ETS exposure among rural pregnant women is underreported, while the UC-verified rate is higher. More smokers in the family and gravidity may increase the risk of ETS exposure for pregnant women. Biochemical validation is warranted throughout pregnancy for the adoption of home-smoking bans and the promotion of community-based smoke-free programs.

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