scholarly journals Discrepancy between Self-Reported and Urine Cotinine-Verified Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure among Rural Pregnant Women in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Xiao ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Xiaoxiao Song ◽  
Qinghua Xu ◽  
Siwei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Family

Prenatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is the most modifiable risk factor associated with adverse child-health outcomes. However, few longitudinal studies are implemented to compare the rates of discrepancy between self-reported (SR) and urinary cotinine (UC)-verified ETS exposure during the three trimesters of pregnancy, especially in rural areas. The objectives of this study were to assess the discrepancy between SR and UC-verified ETS exposure among rural women employing three measures throughout pregnancy, and to explore predictors related to these differences. This study used a prospective prenatal cohort consisting of 420 pregnant women whose ETS exposure was entirely evaluated by both SR and UC verification across three trimesters of pregnancy. Environmental tobacco exposure was assessed via SR verification, and was validated using the limit of detection for UC. The discrepancy rates were determined for each trimester. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the predictors associated with these differences. The discrepancy rates between SR and UC verification were 25.2%, 17.1%, and 20.5% (first, second, and third trimester, respectively). The highest inconsistency occurred in the first trimester. After adjusting for confounding factors, the following variables were found to have statistically significant associations with the discrepancy rate between SR and UC-verified ETS exposure: the number of smokers in the family and household income for all three trimesters, township site for the second and third trimester, and gravidity for the last trimester. The SR rate of ETS exposure among rural pregnant women is underreported, while the UC-verified rate is higher. More smokers in the family and gravidity may increase the risk of ETS exposure for pregnant women. Biochemical validation is warranted throughout pregnancy for the adoption of home-smoking bans and the promotion of community-based smoke-free programs.

scholarly journals The importance of socioeconomic position in smoking, cessation and environmental tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Madureira ◽  
Alexandra Camelo ◽  
Ana Inês Silva ◽  
Ana Teresa Reis ◽  
Filipa Esteves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exposure During Pregnancy

Abstract Tobacco is still a leading cause of premature death and morbidity. Particular attention has been given to pregnant women due to the scientific evidence on the importance of early life exposures for disease onset later in life. The purpose of this study was to assess smoking prevalence, smoking cessation rate and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, and the role of socioeconomic position (SEP) on these behaviors among pregnant women. Cross-sectional data of 619 pregnant women, aged between 18 and 46 years, from Porto Metropolitan Area, Portugal, on current smoking, ETS exposure and SEP indicators was collected, face-to-face, using a questionnaire filled in during a personal interview at the postpartum hospital stay. The smoking prevalence, and ETS exposure among non-smokers before pregnancy was 27.6% and 57.4%, respectively. 4.1% of the participants reported to have stopped smoking before pregnancy, whereas about 41% quitted along pregnancy, resulting in a smoking prevalence at birth of 14.6%. Exposure to ETS also decreased throughout pregnancy to 49.8% at birth. Lower educational level was significantly associated with both higher smoking prevalence and exposure to ETS and lower smoking cessation. This study demonstrates that smoking and ETS exposure during pregnancy remains high, and that there are still significant socioeconomic inequalities in smoking; thus tobacco-focused preventive interventions need to be reinforced.

scholarly journals Dynamic changes and effects of environmental tobacco smoke exposure and weaning time on gut microbiota in young children aged 0-2 years

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianqu Xie ◽  
Yanqun Liu ◽  
Xiaoli Chen ◽  
Jing He ◽  
Yun Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Exposure ◽  
Longitudinal Effects

Abstract (1) Background: The colonization characteristics of infant gut microbiota are influenced by many factors at various stages, but few studies have explored the longitudinal effects of environmental tobacco exposure and quantitative weaning time on young children’ intestinal flora. The purpose of this study was to characterize the evolution of intestinal microflora in young children aged 0-2 years and the longitudinal effects of environmental tobacco exposure and weaning time on young children aged 6, 12, and 24 months.(2) Methods: A total of 37 maternal and children pairs were included in a tertiary general hospital in China and followed up for 2 years. General demographic information was collected on mothers (after delivery, 6 months, 12 months) and young children (6 months, 12 months, 24 months), including frequency of exposure and time of weaning, through self-made questionnaires. Fecal samples were collected from mothers in the third trimester of pregnancy and infants at 6, 12 and 24 months, and analyze the microbiota results using the V3-V4 gene sequence of 16S rRNA.(3) Results: the diversity of intestinal microflora in young children was the highest at 24 months and most similar to that in mothers. Weaning time was positively correlated with Lactobacillus in the intestines of infants aged 0 to 12 months. The diversity of microbiota exposed to environmental tobacco smoke at 6 months was lower than that of the non-exposed group, and the higher the exposure at 6-12 months, the lower the abundance of Blautia.(4) Conclusion: The gut microbiota of young children becomes more mature and complicated with age. The extension of complete weaning time to about 12 months is conducive to the colonization of beneficial bacteria. And the long-term exposure of children and the environment of tobacco smoke will affect the dysbiosis of gut microbiota.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior in Avoiding Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure at Home among Pregnant Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghieh Bayrami ◽  
Samira Ebrahimi ◽  
Javad Rasouli ◽  
Haydeh Feizipour
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
At Home

Background: There is a paucity of research on knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the harms of exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) among pregnant women. Objective: This study, therefore, aimed to examine the knowledge, attitude, and avoidance behavior towards ETS exposure at home among Iranian pregnant women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 on 150 non-smoking pregnant women having husbands who smoked in Urmia, Iran. The participants were selected through a multi-stage process. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire that measured demographic data, knowledge, attitude, and behaviors in avoiding ETS. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, t-test, and ANOVA by SPSS-16 at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The majority of participants (54.7%) had sufficient knowledge about ETS. The women's attitude and efforts to prevent ETS exposure were moderate in 50% and 60% of the cases, respectively. The participants’ knowledge was significantly associated with their level of education, employment status, and family income (P<0.05). Knowledge had a significant and positive relationship with attitude (P=0.001, r=0.280) and efforts to prevent ETS exposure (P<0.001, r=0.403). Conclusion: Knowledge about ETS was significantly correlated with attitude and avoidance behavior of ETS exposure. Therefore, pregnancy care providers should implement interventional programs to improve the attitude and practice of pregnant women. Public health initiatives are also needed to empower women and encourage them to reduce ETS exposure.

scholarly journals Self-Reported Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Avoidance Compared with Cotinine Confirmed Tobacco Smoke Exposure among Pregnant Women and Their Infants

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Gregory Gavarkovs ◽  
Patricia Markham Risica ◽  
Donna R. Parker ◽  
Ernestine Jennings ◽  
Jennifer Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Avoidance Behaviors ◽  
Salivary Cotinine ◽  
Cotinine Concentration

Background: Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) presents substantial health risks for pregnant women and newborn infants. Measurements of ETS include invasive and expensive biochemical tests as well as less invasive and lower-cost self-reported exposure and avoidance measures. Better understanding of self-report measures will help to select ETS assessments for evaluation. Methods: This analysis was conducted within the context of a tailored video intervention to reduce tobacco smoking and ETS exposure during pregnancy and after delivery, in the control group sample of 147 nonsmoking women. Measurements of salivary cotinine concentration, self-reported ETS exposure and avoidance behaviors were captured at 32 weeks gestation and 6 months postpartum. Results: Salivary cotinine concentration was significantly related to ETS avoidance among pregnant nonsmokers at 32 weeks gestation, but not ETS exposure. At 6 months postpartum, both the reported ETS exposure of the infant and maternal avoidance behaviors to reduce her infant&rsquo;s exposure were associated with the infant&rsquo;s salivary cotinine concentration. At 32 weeks gestation and 6 months postpartum, avoidance behaviors decreased as exposure increased. Discussion: This study suggests that for nonsmoking women during pregnancy, report of tobacco smoke avoidance is more valid than report of exposure. After delivery, self-reported ETS exposure or avoidance are associated with each other and biochemical measurement of salivary cotinine. These results provide researchers and clinicians with evidence to support inclusion of avoidance behaviors in the selection of ETS measure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document