scholarly journals Placenta-derived macaque trophoblast stem cells: differentiation to syncytiotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts reveals phenotypic reprogramming

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Kropp Schmidt ◽  
Logan T. Keding ◽  
Lindsey N. Block ◽  
Gregory J. Wiepz ◽  
Michelle R. Koenig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion ◽  
Trophoblast Stem Cells ◽  
Trophoblast Stem ◽  
Mhc Class I Molecule ◽  
Extravillous Trophoblasts

Abstract Nonhuman primates are excellent models for studying human placentation as experimental manipulations in vitro can be translated to in vivo pregnancy. Our objective was to develop macaque trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) as an in vitro platform for future assessment of primate trophoblast development and function. Macaque TSC lines were generated by isolating first and second trimester placental villous cytotrophoblasts followed by culture in TSC medium to maintain cellular proliferation. TSCs grew as mononuclear colonies, whereas upon induction of syncytiotrophoblast (ST) differentiation multinuclear structures appeared, indicative of syncytium formation. Chorionic gonadotropin secretion was > 4000-fold higher in ST culture media compared to TSC media. The secretion of chorionic gonadotropin by TSC-derived ST reflects a reprogramming of macaque TSCs to an earlier pregnancy phenotype. Characteristic trophoblast hallmarks were defined in TSCs and ST including expression of C19MC miRNAs and the macaque placental nonclassical MHC class I molecule, Mamu-AG. Extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) were derived that express macaque EVT markers Mamu-AG and CD56, and also secrete high levels of MMP2. Our analyses of macaque TSCs suggests that these cells represent a proliferative, self-renewing population capable of differentiating to STs and EVTs in vitro thereby establishing an experimental model of primate placentation.

scholarly journals Derivation of macaque trophoblast stem cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Kropp Schmidt ◽  
Michael G. Meyer ◽  
Gregory J. Wiepz ◽  
Lindsey N. Block ◽  
Brittany M. Dusek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Syncytium Formation ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion ◽  
Trophoblast Stem Cells ◽  
Trophoblast Stem ◽  
Mhc Class I Molecule

AbstractNonhuman primates are excellent models for studying human placentation as experimental manipulations in vitro can be translated to in vivo pregnancy. Our objective was to develop macaque trophoblast stem cells (TSC) as an in vitro platform for future assessment of primate trophoblast development and function. Macaque TSC lines were generated by isolating first trimester placental villous cytotrophoblasts followed by culture in TSC medium to “reprogram” the cells to a proliferative state. TSCs grew as mononuclear colonies, whereas upon induction of syncytiotrophoblast (ST) differentiation multinuclear structures appeared, indicative of syncytium formation. Chorionic gonadotropin secretion was >4,000-fold higher in ST culture media compared to TSC media. Characteristic trophoblast hallmarks were defined in TSCs and ST including expression of C19MC miRNAs and macaque placental nonclassical MHC class I molecule, Mamu-AG. TSC differentiation to extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) with or without the ALK-5 inhibitor A83-01 resulted in differing morphologies but similar expression of Mamu-AG and CD56 as assessed by flow cytometry, hence further refinement of relevant EVT markers is needed. Our preliminary characterization of macaque TSCs suggests that these cells represent a proliferative, self-renewing TSC population capable of differentiating to STs in vitro thereby establishing an experimental model of primate placentation.

Innate immunity in an in vitro murine blastocyst model using embryonic and trophoblast stem cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Aikawa ◽  
Miho Tamai ◽  
Keisuke Mitamura ◽  
Fakhria Itmainati ◽  
Glen N. Barber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Trophoblast Stem Cells ◽  
Trophoblast Stem

scholarly journals Derivation of Haploid Trophoblast Stem Cells Via Conversion In Vitro

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keli Peng ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Congyu Wu ◽  
Yuna Wang ◽  
Jian Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Trophoblast Stem Cells ◽  
Trophoblast Stem

scholarly journals Murine Trophoblast Stem Cells and Their Differentiated Cells Attenuate Zika Virus In Vitro by Reducing Glycosylation of the Viral Envelope Protein

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3085
Author(s):  
Biswas Neupane ◽  
Mona Fendereski ◽  
Farzana Nazneen ◽  
Yan-Lin Guo ◽  
Fengwei Bai
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Viral Envelope ◽  
Viral Envelope Protein ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Trophoblast Stem Cells ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Trophoblast Stem ◽  
Stage Embryo

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can cause devastating fetal neuropathological abnormalities, including microcephaly. Most studies of ZIKV infection in pregnancy have focused on post-implantation stage embryos. Currently, we have limited knowledge about how a pre-implantation stage embryo deals with a viral infection. This study investigates ZIKV infection on mouse trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) and their in vitro differentiated TSCs (DTSCs), which resemble the cellular components of the trophectoderm layer of the blastocyst that later develops into the placenta. We demonstrate that TSCs and DTSCs are permissive to ZIKV infection; however, ZIKV propagated in TSCs and DTSCs exhibit substantially lower infectivity, as shown in vitro and in a mouse model compared to ZIKV that was generated in Vero cells or mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). We further show that the low infectivity of ZIKV propagated in TSCs and DTSCs is associated with a reduced level of glycosylation on the viral envelope (E) proteins, which are essential for ZIKV to establish initial attachment by binding to cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The decreased level of glycosylation on ZIKV E is, at least, partially due to the low-level expression of a glycosylation-related gene, Hexa, in TSCs and DTSCs. Furthermore, this finding is not limited to ZIKV since similar observations have been made as to the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and West Nile virus (WNV) propagated in TSCs and DTSCs. In conclusion, our results reveal a novel phenomenon suggesting that murine TSCs and their differentiated cells may have adapted a cellular glycosylation system that can limit viral infectivity by altering the glycosylation of viral envelope proteins, therefore serving as a unique, innate anti-viral mechanism in the pre-implantation stage embryo.

scholarly journals Laminin is the ECM niche for trophoblast stem cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. e201900515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiji Kiyozumi ◽  
Itsuko Nakano ◽  
Ryoko Sato-Nishiuchi ◽  
Satoshi Tanaka ◽  
Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Trophoblast Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Trophoblast Stem ◽  
Integrin Ligands ◽  
Integrin Ligand ◽  
Proliferation In Vitro

The niche is a specialized microenvironment for tissue stem cells in vivo. It has long been emphasized that niche ECM molecules act on tissue stem cells to regulate their behavior, but the molecular entities of these interactions remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we report that laminin forms the in vivo ECM niche for trophoblast stem cells (TSCs), the tissue stem cells of the placenta. TSCs expressed fibronectin-binding, vitronectin-binding, and laminin-binding integrins, whereas the integrin ligands present in the TSC niche were collagen and laminin. Therefore, the only niche integrin ligand available for TSCs in vivo was laminin. Laminin promoted TSC adhesion and proliferation in vitro in an integrin binding–dependent manner. Importantly, when the integrin-binding ability of laminin was genetically ablated in mice, the size of the TSC population was significantly reduced compared with that in control mice. The present findings underscore an ECM niche function of laminin to support tissue stem cell maintenance in vivo.

scholarly journals In vitro generation of mouse polarized embryo-like structures from embryonic and trophoblast stem cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1586-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Ellys Harrison ◽  
Berna Sozen ◽  
Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Trophoblast Stem Cells ◽  
Trophoblast Stem

scholarly journals Trophoblast stem cells differentiate in vitro into invasive trophoblast giant cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 271 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Hemberger ◽  
Martha Hughes ◽  
James C Cross
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Trophoblast Stem Cells ◽  
Trophoblast Stem ◽  
Trophoblast Giant Cells

scholarly journals Cellular Dynamics of Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cells: Identification of a Persistent Stem Cell Type1

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Motomura ◽  
Mami Oikawa ◽  
Michiko Hirose ◽  
Arata Honda ◽  
Sumie Togayachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Trophoblast Stem Cells ◽  
Trophoblast Stem ◽  
Differential Expression Pattern

Abstract Mouse trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) proliferate indefinitely in vitro, despite their highly heterogeneous nature. In this study, we sought to characterize TSC colony types by using methods based on cell biology and biochemistry for a better understanding of how TSCs are maintained over multiple passages. Colonies of TSCs could be classified into four major types: type 1 is compact and dome-shaped, type 4 is flattened but with a large multilayered cell cluster, and types 2 and 3 are their intermediates. A time-lapse analysis indicated that type 1 colonies predominantly appeared after passaging, and a single type 1 colony gave rise to all other types. These colony transitions were irreversible, but at least some type 1 colonies persisted throughout culture. The typical cells comprising type 1 colonies were small and highly motile, and they aggregated together to form primary colonies. A hierarchical clustering based on global gene expression profiles suggested that a TSC line containing more type 1 colony cells was similar to in vivo extraembryonic tissues. Among the known TSC genes examined, Elf5 showed a differential expression pattern according to colony type, indicating that this gene might be a reliable marker of undifferentiated TSCs. When aggregated with fertilized embryos, cells from types 1 and 2, but not from type 4, distributed to the polar trophectoderm in blastocysts. These findings indicate that cells typically found in type 1 colonies can persist indefinitely as stem cells and are responsible for the maintenance of TSC lines. They may provide key information for future improvements in the quality of TSC lines.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterisation of a novel trophoblast side-population from first trimester placentae

Reproduction ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L James ◽  
D G Hurley ◽  
T K J B Gamage ◽  
T Zhang ◽  
R Vather ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Side Population ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Human Trophoblast ◽  
Trophoblast Stem Cells ◽  
Trophoblast Stem ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Extravillous Trophoblasts

The placenta is responsible for all nutrient and gas exchange between mother and baby during pregnancy. The differentiation of specialised placental epithelial cells called trophoblasts is essential for placental function, but we understand little about how these populations arise. Mouse trophoblast stem cells have allowed us to understand many of the factors that regulate murine trophoblast lineage development, but the human placenta is anatomically very different from the mouse, and it is imperative to isolate a human trophoblast stem cell to understand human placental development. Here we have developed a novel methodology to isolate a Hoechst side-population of trophoblasts from early gestation placentae and compared their transcriptome to differentiated trophoblast populations (cytotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts) using microarray technology. Side-population trophoblasts clustered as a transcriptomically distinct population but were more closely related to cytotrophoblasts than extravillous trophoblasts. Side-population trophoblasts up-regulated a number of genes characteristic of trophectoderm and murine trophoblast stem cells in comparison to cytotrophoblasts or extravillous trophoblasts and could be distinguished from both of these more mature populations by a unique set of 22 up-regulated genes, which were enriched for morphogenesis and organ development and the regulation of growth functions. Cells expressing two of these genes (LAMA2 and COL6A3) were distributed throughout the cytotrophoblast layer at the trophoblast/mesenchymal interface. Comparisons to previously published trophoblast progenitor populations suggest that the side-population trophoblasts isolated in this work are a novel human trophoblast population. Future work will determine whether these cells exhibit functional progenitor/stem cell attributes.

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