scholarly journals Predominant role of Haemophilus influenzae in the association of conjunctivitis, acute otitis media and acute bacterial paranasal sinusitis in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Li Hu ◽  
Ping-Ing Lee ◽  
Po-Ren Hsueh ◽  
Chun-Yi Lu ◽  
Luan-Yin Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Bacterial Conjunctivitis ◽  
Paranasal Sinusitis ◽  
Palpebral Conjunctiva ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Predominant Pathogen

AbstractHaemophilus influenzae is a predominant pathogen for conjunctivitis, acute otitis media and acute bacterial paranasal sinusitis in children. We undertook this study to investigate the possible association among these diseases. Children younger than 18-year-old with a diagnosis of bacterial conjunctivitis plus acute otitis media and/or acute bacterial paranasal sinusitis during 2009–2018 were included. Sampling for bacterial cultures was obtained from the lower palpebral conjunctiva and/or ear discharge with cotton-tipped swabs. A total of 67 children were recruited and the age was 29.5 (± 22.4) months in average. Fifty-seven children had conjunctivitis–otitis media syndrome and eight of them had a concurrent diagnosis of acute paranasal sinusitis. Ten children had conjunctivitis and acute paranasal sinusitis simultaneously. Clusters in household were observed in 50.7% children. Most common isolates were Haemophilus influenzae (70%), Moraxella catarrhalis (18%), and Staphylococcus aureus (8%). Antibiotic resistance rate of H. influenzae was 80% for ampicillin, 18% for amoxicillin–clavulanate, and 11% for the second or third-generation cephalosporins. Apart from well-known conjunctivitis–otitis media syndrome, acute paranasal sinusitis may also be linked to conjunctivitis with a similar pathogenic process. Simultaneous presence of these infections may guide the choice of empiric antibiotics toward H. influenzae.

Bacteriologic failure of amoxicillin-clavulanate in treatment of acute otitis media caused by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae

1995 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janak A. Patel ◽  
Barbara Reisner ◽  
Negar Vizirinia ◽  
Mary Owen ◽  
Tasnee Chonmaitree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Nontypeable Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate

Bullous Myringitis

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-52
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Specific Agent

A literature review regarding bullous myringitis revealed ony one case due to culturally proven Mycoplasma pneumoniae among 16 cultured cases. In addition, there was only one case of viral (adenovirus) bullous myringitis in 13 appropriately cultured patients. Forty-three of 66 patients for whom bacterial cultures were performed revealed bullous myringitis due to pneumococcus (21 cases), due to Haemophilus influenzae (14 cases), and due to β-hemolytic Streptococcus (ten cases). Thus, bullous myringitis is "... merely acute otitis media with blisers within the substance of the eardrum ... bullous myringitis should be treated the same as other types of acute otitis media." Comment: There are few or no data to support the role of any specific agent as the cause of bullous myringitis, nor is there reason to believe that bullous myringitis is a specific entity.

Bacteriology of Otitis Media: A Review

1981 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Current Information ◽  
Specimen Collection

This article reviews the microbiology of acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion. Emphasis is given to the method of specimen collection and the technique of office bacteriology. Several long-held beliefs are reexamined in the light of current information, particularly the expanded role of Haemophilus influenzae in older children and the diminished role of Mycoplasma in bullous myringitis. Information is presented on anaerobes and Chlamydia trachomatis as pathogens in otitis media.

The Etiology of Bullous Myringitis and the Role of Mycoplasmas in Ear Disease: A Review

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald B. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Clinical Entity ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Separate Clinical Entity

A critical review of the literature concerning bullous myringitis has found one case of possible mycoplasmal, one of possible viral, and 43 of bactenal, etiology. The bacteria were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and β-hemolytic Streptococcus, in the same percentages as found in (nonbullous) otitis media. One of 858 attempts to isolate Mycoplasma from cases of (nonbullous) otitis media was successful. The evidence that Mycoplasma are a cause of otitis media with or without bullae is weak. Bullous myringitis probably is not a separate clinical entity, but merely acute otitis media with blisters on the eardrum.

scholarly journals Adenoidectomy for middle ear disease in cleft palate children: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Rosso ◽  
Antonio Mario Bulfamante ◽  
Carlotta Pipolo ◽  
Emanuela Fuccillo ◽  
Alberto Maccari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency ◽  
Middle Ear Disease ◽  
Conductive Hearing

Abstract Purpose Cleft palate children have a higher incidence of otitis media with effusion, more frequent recurrent acute otitis media episodes, and worse conductive hearing losses than non-cleft children. Nevertheless, data on adenoidectomy for middle ear disease in this patient group are scarce, since many feared worsening of velopharyngeal insufficiency after the procedure. This review aims at collecting the available evidence on this subject, to frame possible further areas of research and interventions. Methods A PRISMA-compliant systematic review was performed. Multiple databases were searched with criteria designed to include all studies focusing on the role of adenoidectomy in treating middle ear disease in cleft palate children. After duplicate removal, abstract and full-text selection, and quality assessment, we reviewed eligible articles for clinical indications and outcomes. Results Among 321 unique citations, 3 studies published between 1964 and 1972 (2 case series and a retrospective cohort study) were deemed eligible, with 136 treated patients. The outcomes were positive in all three articles in terms of conductive hearing loss improvement, recurrent otitis media episodes reduction, and effusive otitis media resolution. Conclusion Despite promising results, research on adenoidectomy in treating middle ear disease in the cleft population has stopped in the mid-Seventies. No data are, therefore, available on the role of modern conservative adenoidectomy techniques (endoscopic and/or partial) in this context. Prospective studies are required to define the role of adenoidectomy in cleft children, most interestingly in specific subgroups such as patients requiring re-tympanostomy, given their known risk of otologic sequelae.

scholarly journals Otitis media outcomes of a combined 10-valent pneumococcal Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedule at 1-2-4-6 months: PREVIX_COMBO, a 3-arm randomised controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Jane Leach ◽  
Edward Kim Mulholland ◽  
Mathuram Santosham ◽  
Paul John Torzillo ◽  
Peter McIntyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Link Type

Abstract Background Aboriginal children living in Australian remote communities are at high risk of early and persistent otitis media, hearing loss, and social disadvantage. Streptococcus pneumoniae and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) are the primary pathogens. We compared otitis media outcomes in infants randomised to either a combination of Synflorix™ (PHiD-CV10, with protein D of NTHi) and Prevenar13™ (PCV13, with 3, 6A, and 19A), with recommended schedules for each vaccine alone. We previously reported superior broader overall immunogenicity of the combination schedule at 7 months, and early superiority of PHiD-CV10 compared to PCV13 at 4 months. Methods In an open-label superiority trial, we randomised (1:1:1) Aboriginal infants at 28 to 38 days of age, to either Prevenar13™ (P) at 2–4-6 months (_PPP), Synflorix™ (S) at 2–4-6 months (_SSS), or Synflorix™ at 1–2-4 months plus Prevenar13™ at 6 months (SSSP). Ears were assessed using tympanometry at 1 and 2 months, combined with otoscopy at 4, 6, and 7 months. A worst ear diagnosis was made for each child visit according to a severity hierarchy of normal, otitis media with effusion (OME), acute otitis media without perforation (AOMwoP), AOM with perforation (AOMwiP), and chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). Results Between September 2011 and September 2017, 425 infants were allocated to _PPP(143), _SSS(141) or SSSP(141). Ear assessments were successful in 96% scheduled visits. At 7 months prevalence of any OM was 91, 86, and 90% in the _PPP, _SSS, and SSSP groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in prevalence of any form of otitis media between vaccine groups at any age. Combined group prevalence of any OM was 43, 57, 82, 87, and 89% at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 7 months of age, respectively. Of 388 infants with ear assessments at 4, 6 and 7 months, 277 (71.4%) had OM that met criteria for specialist referral; rAOM, pOME, or CSOM. Conclusions Despite superior broader overall immunogenicity of the combination schedule at 7 months, and early superiority of PHiD-CV10 compared to PCV13 at 4 months, there were no significant differences in prevalence of otitis media nor healthy ears throughout the first months of life. Trial registration ACTRN12610000544077 registered 06/07/2010 and ClinicalTrials.govNCT01174849 registered 04/08/2010.

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