scholarly journals Lightweight mediated semi-quantum key distribution protocol with a dishonest third party based on Bell states

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Wei Tsai ◽  
Chun-Wei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Trojan Horse ◽  
Bell States ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Research Issue ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Secret Keys ◽  
Quantum Key Distribution Protocol

AbstractThe mediated semi-quantum key distribution (MSQKD) protocol is an important research issue that lets two classical participants share secret keys securely between each other with the help of a third party (TP). However, in the existing MSQKD protocols, there are two improvable issues, namely (1) the classical participants must be equipped with expensive detectors to avoid Trojan horse attacks and (2) the trustworthiness level of TP must be honest. To the best of our knowledge, none of the existing MSQKD protocols can resolve both these issues. Therefore, this study takes Bell states as the quantum resource to propose a MSQKD protocol, in which the classical participants do not need a Trojan horse detector and the TP is dishonest. Furthermore, the proposed protocol is shown to be secure against well-known attacks and the classical participants only need two quantum capabilities. Therefore, in comparison to the existing MSQKD protocols, the proposed protocol is better practical.

Lightweight mediated semi-quantum key distribution protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (34) ◽  
pp. 1950281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Wei Tsai ◽  
Chun-Wei Yang ◽  
Narn-Yih Lee
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Trojan Horse ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Photon Detector ◽  
Transmission Strategy ◽  
Secret Keys ◽  
The One ◽  
Trojan Horse Attack

Classical users can share a secret key with a quantum user by using a semi-quantum key distribution (SQKD) protocol. Allowing two classical users to share a secret key is the objective of the mediated semi-quantum key distribution (MSQKD) protocol. However, the existing MSQKD protocols need a quantum user to assist two classical users in distributing the secret keys, and these protocols require that the classical users be equipped with a Trojan horse photon detector. This reduces the practicability of the MSQKD protocols. Therefore, in this study we propose a lightweight MSQKD, in which the two participants and third party are classical users. Due to the usage of the one-way transmission strategy, the proposed lightweight MSQKD protocol is free from quantum Trojan horse attack. The proposed MSQKD is more practical than the existing MSQKD protocols.

A qutrit quantum key distribution protocol using Bell inequalities with larger violation capabilities

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (15&16) ◽  
pp. 1295-1306
Author(s):  
Zoe Amblard ◽  
Francois Arnault
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Bell Inequality ◽  
Bell Inequalities ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Trojan Horse ◽  
Noise Resistance ◽  
The One ◽  
Trojan Horse Attack ◽  
Quantum Key Distribution Protocol

The Ekert quantum key distribution protocol [1] uses pairs of entangled qubits and performs checks based on a Bell inequality to detect eavesdropping. The 3DEB protocol [2] uses instead pairs of entangled qutrits to achieve better noise resistance than the Ekert protocol. It performs checks based on a Bell inequality for qutrits named CHSH-3 and found in [3, 4]. In this paper, we present a new protocol, which also uses pairs of entangled qutrits, but gaining advantage of a Bell inequality which achieves better noise resistance than the one used in 3DEB. The latter inequality is called here hCHSH-3 and was discovered in [5]. For each party, the hCHSH-3 inequality involves four observables already used in CHSH-3 but also two products of observables which do not commute. We explain how the parties can measure the observables corresponding to these products and thus are able to check the violation of hCHSH-3. In the presence of noise, this violation guarantees the security against a local Trojan horse attack. We also designed a version of our protocol which is secure against individual attacks.

Semi-quantum key distribution protocol based on the hyperentanglement Bell state of polarization-spatial mode

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (31) ◽  
pp. 2050353
Author(s):  
Ling Xu
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Bell State ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Bell States ◽  
Spatial Mode ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
State Of Polarization ◽  
Quantum Key Distribution Protocol

The semi-quantum key distribution protocol based on the hyperentanglement Bell state of polarization-spatial mode is presented in this paper. This protocol is utilized to share the session keys and construct key hierarchy of security systems in high capacity between the legitimate users securely. Different from the previous protocols, two quantum non-demolition detectors are constructed with cross-Kerr nonlinearities and different phase shifts for distinguishing the Bell states in spatial mode degree of freedom. Meanwhile, this protocol can improve the capacity and efficiency when the legitimate users share the session keys. And the technology of the hyperentanglement purification and hyperentanglement concentration can enhance the robustness and stability of this protocol. At last, this protocol proposed in this paper can withstand several kinds of attacks.

scholarly journals Unidimensional Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution with Untrusted Detection under Realistic Conditions

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyu Huang ◽  
Yichen Zhang ◽  
Ziyang Chen ◽  
Song Yu
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Coherent States ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Modulation Method ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Quantum Key Distribution Protocol

A unidimensional continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol with untrusted detection is proposed, where the two legitimate partners send unidimensional modulated or Gaussian-modulated coherent states to an untrusted third party, i.e., Charlie, to realize the measurement. Compared with the Gaussian-modulated coherent-state protocols, the unidimensional modulated protocols take the advantage of easy modulation, low cost, and only a small number of random numbers required. Security analysis shows that the proposed protocol cannot just defend all detectors side channels, but also achieve great performance under certain conditions. Specifically, three cases are discussed in detail, including using unidimensional modulated coherent states in Alice’s side, in Bob’s side, and in both sides under realistic conditions, respectively. Under the three conditions, we derive the expressions of the secret key rate and give the optimal gain parameters. It is found that the optimal performance of the protocol is achieved by using unidimensional modulated coherent states in both Alice’s and Bob’s side. The resulting protocol shows the potential for long-distance secure communication using the unidimensional quantum key distribution protocol with simple modulation method and untrusted detection under realistic conditions.

scholarly journals Distinguishability and Disturbance in the Quantum Key Distribution Protocol Using the Mean Multi-Kings’ Problem

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1275
Author(s):  
Masakazu Yoshida ◽  
Ayumu Nakayama ◽  
Jun Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Error Probability ◽  
Information Gain ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Secret Keys ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Quantum Key Distribution Protocol ◽  
Extract Information

We introduce a quantum key distribution protocol using mean multi-kings’ problem. Using this protocol, a sender can share a bit sequence as a secret key with receivers. We consider a relation between information gain by an eavesdropper and disturbance contained in legitimate users’ information. In BB84 protocol, such relation is known as the so-called information disturbance theorem. We focus on a setting that the sender and two receivers try to share bit sequences and the eavesdropper tries to extract information by interacting legitimate users’ systems and an ancilla system. We derive trade-off inequalities between distinguishability of quantum states corresponding to the bit sequence for the eavesdropper and error probability of the bit sequence shared with the legitimate users. Our inequalities show that eavesdropper’s extracting information regarding the secret keys inevitably induces disturbing the states and increasing the error probability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document