scholarly journals Oral absorption and drug interaction kinetics of moxifloxacin in an animal model of weightlessness

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Liang ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Bo Wei
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Oral Absorption ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Simulated Weightlessness ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Interaction Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractTo investigate the effect of simulated weightlessness on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered moxifloxacin and the antacid Maalox or the antidiarrheal Pepto-Bismol using a tail-suspended (TS) rat model of microgravity. Fasted control and TS, jugular-vein-cannulated, male Sprague-Dawley rats received either a single 5 mg/kg intravenous dose or a single 10 mg/kg oral dose of moxifloxacin alone or with a 0.625 mL/kg oral dose of Maalox or a 1.43 mL/kg oral dose of Pepto-Bismol. Plasma concentrations of moxifloxacin were measured by HPLC. Pharmacokinetic data were analyzed using WinNonlin. Simulated weightlessness had no effect on moxifloxacin disposition after intravenous administration but significantly decreased the extent of moxifloxacin oral absorption. The coadministration of moxifloxacin with Maalox to either control or TS rats caused significant reductions in the rate and extent of moxifloxacin absorption. In contrast, the coadministration of moxifloxacin with Pepto-Bismol to TS rats had no significant effect on either the rate or the extent of moxifloxacin absorption. These interactions showed dose staggering when oral administrations of Pepto-Bismol and moxifloxacin were separated by 60 min in control rats but not in TS rats. Dose staggering was more apparent after the coadministration of Maalox and moxifloxacin in TS rats.

scholarly journals Effects of Xiang Sha Yang Wei Wan on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Sprague Dawley Rats: a Histological Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Qaraghuli AMS ◽  
Abdel Wahab EMN ◽  
Al-Ani IM ◽  
Faisal GG
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Gastric Mucosal Lesion ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group Ii

Introduction: Xiang Sha Yang Wei Wan (XSYWW) is a Chinese traditional medicine that is used for gastrointestinal disorders, specifically gastric ulcer in many countries of South-East Asia. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential effects of XSYWW on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats by means of histological Study. On a similar basis of treatment, ranitidine, a conventional medication was used as gold standard. Methods: Fifty five male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 gm) were divided into four groups. Group I (ethanol treated group) was the control group and gastric ulcers were induced by administering 100% ethanol (1 ml/200 g). Group II (Pre-treatment group) was divided into two subgroups; they were orally fed with 1.0 gm/kg and 2.0 gm/kg respectively of XSYWW solution. Thirty minutes later they were administered with absolute ethanol as in group I. Group III, was given an oral dose of 2gm/kg of XSYWW solution after one hour of ethanol administration. Group IV was given an oral dose of 200mg/kg ranitidine solution after one hour of ethanol administration. Five rats from groups I, III and IV were sacrificed on day 1, 2 and 3 while the animals of group II were sacrificed one hour after ethanol administration. Results: Histological study of the stomachs from ethanol treated rats showed multiple ulcers of various depths that reached the muscularis and the serosa. Conclusion: Pre or post-treated rats with XSYWW showed that XSYWW has protective effect against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesion. However, there was a faster and more complete healing process in the ranitidine treated group when compared to the XSYWW treated subjects.

A 26-Week Repeated Oral Dose Toxicity Test and a 4-Week Recovery Test of Cassia tora L. Water Extract in Sprague-Dawley Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-169
Author(s):  
Jong Hyun Nho ◽  
Jong Choon Kim ◽  
Hyun Woo Cho ◽  
Mu Jin Lee ◽  
Ho Kyung Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Cassia Tora ◽  
Recovery Test ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Cholecystokinin satiety involves CCKA receptors perfused by the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (5) ◽  
pp. R1390-R1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Sucrose Intake ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Pancreaticoduodenal Artery ◽  
Cholecystokinin Octapeptide ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Ccka Receptors

Three experiments compared the potency of the type A cholecystokinin (CCKA)-receptor antagonist devazepide for increasing intake of 30% sucrose when injected into the superior pancreaticoduodenal (SPD) artery (SPD group) or jugular vein (IV group). In experiment 1, 15 min of sucrose intake in adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats after 6 h of food deprivation was increased by devazepide (20 μg/kg) administered into the SPD artery whether given alone or in conjunction with cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8, 2 μg/kg ip). Devazepide had no effect in the IV group. In experiment 2, injection of 8, 20, and 50 μg/kg of devazepide into the SPD artery increased sucrose intake of nondeprived rats. Only the highest dose was effective in the IV group. On subsequent tests, administration of 1 μg/kg of CCK-8 significantly suppressed intake only in the SPD group. In experiment 3, nondeprived rats with SPD artery and jugular vein catheters were tested in a within-subjects design. Devazepide (20 μg/kg) increased sucrose intake after injection into the SPD artery, but not into the jugular vein. In experiment 4, intraduodenal devazepide (8, 20, and 50 μg/kg) had no effect. These results indicate that CCKA receptors within the SPD arterial bed mediate the satiating action of CCK, consistent with local action of duodenal CCK.

Side-to-Side Anastomosis Training Model Using Rat Common Carotid Arteries

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Tayebi Meybodi ◽  
Joseph Aklinski ◽  
Sirin Gandhi ◽  
Mark C Preul ◽  
Michael T Lawton
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Training Model ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Ischemia Time ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cervical Segment ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

Abstract BACKGROUND The side-to-side anastomosis is one of the difficult bypass configurations that may be used in various complex cerebral vascular and neoplastic cases. Few pure arterial models exist for practicing this bypass subtype. OBJECTIVE To provide an optimized side-to-side anastomosis training model using rat common carotid arteries (CCA). METHODS Bilateral CCAs were exposed in the neck of 10 anesthetized Sprague–Dawley rats. The arteries were juxtaposed in parallel, using temporary aneurysm clips applied proximally and distally. CCA caliber and the length of CCA juxtaposition were measured. Side-to-side anastomosis was completed and ischemia time was recorded. Unintended complications were recorded for further analysis. RESULTS Anastomosis was completed successfully in all animals. The CCAs were approximated in all animals without any difficulty or undue tension. In 2 rats, death occurred prior to completion of anastomosis, which was attributed to injury to the external jugular vein during vessel exposure. Mean ischemia time was 35 min with an average of 22 sutures done to complete the anastomosis. The average CCA caliber was 1.1 ± 0.2 mm and the arteries could be juxtaposed for an average length of 10.2 ± 1.5 mm. CONCLUSION Full exposure of the cervical segment of the CCAs enables tension-free approximation of adequate length of the vessel for a side-to-side anastomosis. Avoiding complications during exposure helps in prevention of animal death during the ischemia period.

Daily rhythm of NaCl intake in rats fed low-Ca2+ diet: relation to plasma and urinary minerals and hormones

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (3) ◽  
pp. R505-R517 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Tordoff ◽  
A. Okiyama
Keyword(s):  
Dark Period ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Salt Appetite ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Plasma Osmolarity ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Plasma Phosphorus

To assess daily rhythms of salt appetite, we measured spontaneous 300 mM NaCl intake of male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a diet containing 150 or 25 mmol Ca2+/kg. Both groups drank most NaCl at night, but, as the dark period progressed, intakes of controls remained constant or diminished, whereas intakes of rats fed low-Ca2+ diet increased. During the late dark period, when the difference in NaCl intake between the two dietary groups was greatest, rats fed a low-Ca2+ diet lost more corticosterone and sodium in urine, had lower plasma osmolarity, and had higher plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone concentrations than did controls. Over the 24-h cycle, rats fed the low-Ca2+ diet excreted less Ca2+ and more corticosterone in urine than did controls. They also had consistently lower plasma concentrations of Ca2+ and renin activity and consistently higher plasma phosphorus, arginine vasopressin, parathyroid hormone, thyroxine, calcitonin, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. These findings support the hypothesis that salt appetite induced by dietary Ca2+ deficiency involves a subtle dysfunction of the ACTH-corticosterone axis, but they also raise several other possibilities.

Central nervous system histamine regulates peripheral sympathetic activity

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (1) ◽  
pp. H218-H224 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. F. Akins ◽  
S. L. Bealer
Keyword(s):  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Irreversible Inhibitor ◽  
Brain Histamine ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
H1 Antagonist ◽  
Peripheral Sympathetic Activity

Brain histamine (HA) was depleted in conscious Sprague-Dawley rats by central administration of alpha-fluoromethyl-histidine (alpha-FMH), an irreversible inhibitor of the HA synthesizing enzyme. Isotonic or hypertonic saline was infused intravenously at 10 microliters.100 g-1.min-1 for 30 min and mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were monitored. In addition, plasma vasopressin (AVP) and norepinephrine (NE) were measured pre- and postinfusion. Animals pretreated with alpha-FMH showed a delayed and attenuated pressor response and bradycardia during hypertonic saline (HTS) infusion and a significant reduction in plasma NE levels (-29 +/- 8% below control values). However, plasma concentrations of AVP were similar in both groups. Central pretreatment with the H1-antagonist pyrilamine (PYR) also delayed the onset and significantly attenuated the pressor response to HTS infusion, and caused dose-related decreases in plasma NE concentrations (-34 +/- 8, -47 +/- 5, and -52 +/- 7% after 60, 100, and 600 nmol PYR, respectively). These data indicate a role for central HA in peripheral sympathetic activation but not as a mediator of AVP release to a peripheral hyperosmotic stimulus.

Inhibition of sucrose intake by continuous celiac, superior mesenteric, and intravenous CCK-8 infusions

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (2) ◽  
pp. R319-R325 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Cox ◽  
S. M. McCown ◽  
J. M. Bridges ◽  
W. J. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Superior Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Sucrose Intake ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Cholecystokinin Octapeptide ◽  
Behavioral Observations ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Abdominal Arteries

Two experiments compared the potency of continuous infusions of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) for reducing sucrose intake when administered into abdominal arteries or the jugular vein. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats received 22-min infusions of saline or several doses of CCK-8. Sucrose was available for 20 min, beginning 2 min after onset of infusions. In the first experiment, intraceliac CCK-8 in doses of 50, 125, and 312 ng produced significant reductions in intake, but no dose affected intake when administered into the jugular vein. In experiment 2, only the highest dose, 312 ng, suppressed intake when infused into the superior mesenteric artery, and jugular infusions were again ineffective. Behavioral observations indicated that intra-arterial CCK-8 had no affect on feeding within the first several minutes of test meals but accelerated the subsequent decline in incidence of feeding. These results suggest that receptors involved in cholecystokinin satiety are widely distributed within the gastrointestinal tract.

RV11 (Propionyl Erythromycin Mercaptosuccinate) Pharmacokinetics in Bronchial Secretions

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Concia ◽  
P Marone ◽  
G C Moreo ◽  
C Sardi ◽  
R Braschi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Dose ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Bronchial Secretion ◽  
Dose Equivalent ◽  
Bronchial Secretions ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Diagnostic Bronchoscopy ◽  
Erythromycin Base ◽  
Kinetics Of

The kinetics of RV11 (propionyl erythromycin mercaptosuccinate) in serum and bronchial secretions was investigated in heterogeneous bronchopneumopathic patients requiring diagnostic bronchoscopy. A single oral dose, equivalent to 500 mg of erythromycin base, was administered to all patients and the bronchial secretion and plasma concentrations were determined after 2, 3 and 4 hr. The bronchial secretion and plasma levels consistently exceeded those reported previously for erythromycin per os, suggesting that RV11 may have an unusually high affinity for bronchial secretions in humans. The results of this study also suggested that RV11 might have different kinetics in bronchial secretions and serum, though further studies are required to provide definitive evidence.

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