scholarly journals Antioxidants, lysosomes and elements status during the life cycle of sea trout Salmo trutta m. trutta L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Kurhaluk ◽  
Halyna Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Element Contents

AbstractThe aim of our study was to elucidate the effects of both development stages (parr, smolt, adult, spawner), and kelt as a survival form and sex (male, female) on the functional stability of the lysosomal complex, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and element contents in the muscle tissue of the sea trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.) sampled in the Pomerania region (northern Poland). We have evaluated the maximal activities of lysosomal enzymes (alanyl aminopeptidase, leucyl aminopeptidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and acid phosphatase), lipid peroxidation level, and protein carbonyl derivatives as indices of muscle tissue degradation. The relationship between lysosomal activity and oxidative stress biomarkers estimated by the lipid peroxidation level and protein carbonyl derivatives was also assessed, as well as the relationships between element levels and oxidative stress biomarkers. Trends of the main effects (i.e., the development stages and sex alone, the interaction of the sex and development stage simultaneously) on oxidative stress biomarkers, lysosomal functioning, and element contents in the muscle tissue were evaluated. The study has shown sex-related relationships between the pro- and antioxidant balance and the tissue type in the adult stage as well as modifications in the lysosomal functioning induced by long-term environmental stress associated with changing the habitats from freshwater to seawater and intense migrations. The highest level of toxic products generated in oxidative reactions and oxidative modification of proteins was noted in both the spawner stage and the kelt form. The holistic model of analysis of all parameters of antioxidant defense in all development stages and sex demonstrated the following dependencies for the level of lipid peroxidation, oxidative modification of proteins, lysosomal activities, and element contents: TBARS > OMP KD > OMP AD > TAC, AcP > NAG > LAP > AAP and Cu > Fe > Ca > Mn > Zn > Mg, respectively.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress, Lysosome Functioning, and Element Interactions in the Muscles of the Sea Trout Salmo Trutta m. Trutta L. Depending on Its Life Cycle

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Kurhaluk ◽  
Halyna Takchenko
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Element Contents

Abstract The aim of our study was to elucidate the effects of both development stages (parr, smolt, adult, spawner), and kelt as a survival form and sex (male, female) on the functional stability of the lysosomal complex, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and element contents in the muscle tissue of the sea trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.) sampled in the Pomerania region (northern Poland). We have evaluated the maximal activities of lysosomal enzymes (alanyl aminopeptidase, leucyl aminopeptidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and acid phosphatase), lipid peroxidation level, and protein carbonyl derivatives as indices of muscle tissue degradation. The relationship between lysosomal activity and oxidative stress biomarkers estimated by the lipid peroxidation level and protein carbonyl derivatives was also assessed, as well as the relationships between element levels and oxidative stress biomarkers. Trends of the main effects (i.e., the development stages and sex alone, the interaction of the sex and development stage simultaneously) on oxidative stress biomarkers, lysosomal functioning, and element contents in the muscle tissue were evaluated. The study has shown sex-related relationships between the pro- and antioxidant balance and the tissue type in the adult stage as well as modifications in the lysosomal functioning induced by long-term environmental stress associated with changing the habitats from freshwater to seawater and intense migrations. The highest level of toxic products generated in oxidative reactions and oxidative modification of proteins was noted in both the spawner stage and the kelt form. The holistic model of analysis of all parameters of antioxidant defense in all development stages and sex demonstrated the following dependencies for the level of lipid peroxidation, oxidative modification of proteins, lysosomal activities, and element contents: TBARS>OMP KD>OMP AD>TAC, AcP>NAG>LAP>AAP and Cu>Fe>Ca>Mn>Zn>Mg, respectively.

scholarly journals POST-VACCINATED ALTERATIONS IN THE MARKERS OF LIPID AND PROTEIN OXIDATION IN THE GILLS OF RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS WALBAUM) IMMUNIZED AGAINST THE ENTERIC REDMOUTH DISEAS

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
Halyna Tkachenko ◽  
Natalia Kurhaluk ◽  
Joanna Grudniewska ◽  
Agnieszka Pękala-Safińska
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Enzymatic Assays ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Isolation Buffer

The aim of the study was the evaluation of the content of oxidative stress biomarkers (2-thiobarbituric-acid-reacting substances as a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, aldehydic and ketonic derivatives of oxidatively modified proteins) in the gills of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykissWalbaum) vaccinated by a vaccine against Yersiniaruckeri. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) with a mean body mass of (107.9±3.1) g were used in the experiments. The study was carried out in a Department of Salmonid Research, Inland Fisheries Institute in Rutki (Poland). Experiments were performed at a water temperature of 14.5±0.5°C and the pH was 7.5. The dissolved oxygen level was about 12 ppm with additional oxygen supply with a water flow of 25 L per min, a photoperiod of 12 hours per day. The fish were fed with a commercial pelleted diet at an optimal level, using 12-hour belt feeders for fish. All enzymatic assays were carried out at the Department of Zoology and Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk (Poland).The fish were kept for 60 days after vaccination at a water temperature of 14.5±0.5°C and pH 7.5. In our study, 15 rainbow trout from unhandled control and 15 vaccinated trout were used. Two months after immunization, samples from rainbow trout were collected. The fish were captured and killed 61 days post-vaccination (n = 15 in each group). Gills were removed in situ. The organs were rinsed clear of blood with cold isolation buffer and homogenized using a glass homogenizer H500 with a motor-driven pestle immersed in an ice water bath to yield a homogenate in proportion 1:9 (weight/volume). The isolation buffer contained 100 mMTris-HCl; a pH of 7.2 was adjusted with HCl. Homogenates were centrifuged at 3,000g for 15 min at 4°C. After centrifugation, the supernatant was collected and frozen at −20°C until analyzed. Protein contents were determined using the method of Bradford (1976) with bovine serum albumin as a standard. Absorbance was recorded at 595 nm. All enzymatic assays were carried out at 22±0.5°C using a Specol 11 spectrophotometer (Carl Zeiss Jena, Germany) in duplicate. The enzymatic reactions were started by the addition of the tissue supernatant. Our results demonstrated that immunization by the anti-Yersinia vaccine does not alter the gills of rainbow trout. Oxidative stress parameters examined in gills homogenate, i.e., lipid peroxidation as measured by the amount of TBARS, as well as aldehydic (increased by 18.9%) and ketonic derivatives of OMP (decreased by 6.5 %) were non-significantly changed (p>0.05) in gills of vaccinated fish. Thus, immunization by anti-Yersinia vaccine does not alter oxidative stress markers compared to unhandled control in the second month after immunization. Our results confirm that the vaccine against Y. ruckeri has no adverse effect on the condition and metabolism in the gills of the fish. Alterations in the content of oxidative stress biomarkers recorded in our studies are proof that the vaccine against Y. ruckeri has no negative effects.

scholarly journals Effects of carvacrol and physical exercise on motor and memory impairments associated with Parkinson’s disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila HAMZEHLOEI ◽  
Mohammad Ebrahim REZVANI ◽  
Ziba RAJAEI
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Memory Deficit ◽  
Rotational Behavior ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

ABSTRACT The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of carvacrol and treadmill exercise on memory deficit, rotational behavior and oxidative stress biomarkers in a 6-OHDA-lesioned rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Wistar rats were treated with carvacrol at a dose of 25 mg/kg and/or ran on a treadmill for a week. Then, 6-OHDA was microinjected into the medial forebrain bundle and treatments continued for six more weeks. Aversive memory, rotational behavior and oxidative stress biomarkers were assessed at the end of week six. The 6-OHDA-lesioned group showed a significant increase in rotational behavior and a decrease in step-through latency in the passive avoidance test compared with the sham group. These behaviors were accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation levels and decreased total thiol concentration in the striatum and/or hippocampus of the hemiparkinsonian rats. Moreover, treatment with carvacrol and exercise reduced rotational behavior and improved aversive memory deficit, which was accompanied by decreased lipid peroxidation levels and increased total thiol concentration in the striatum and/or hippocampus. In conclusion, treatment with carvacrol and treadmill exercise ameliorated motor and memory deficits by modulating oxidative stress in the striatum and hippocampus of hemiparkinsonian rats. Therefore, the combination of carvacrol and treadmill exercise could be an effective therapeutic tool for treatment of neurobehavioral deficits in Parkinson’s disease patients.

Comparative studies on the effects of clinically used anticonvulsants on the oxidative stress biomarkers in pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling model of epileptogenesis in mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faizan Mazhar ◽  
Saima M. Malhi ◽  
Shabana U. Simjee
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Kindling Model ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Ptz Kindling ◽  
Oxide Synthase

AbstractBackground:Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and contributes in underlying epileptogenesis process. Anticonvulsant drugs targeting the oxidative stress domain of epileptogenesis may provide better control of seizure. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of clinically used anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) on the course of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling and oxidative stress markers in mice.Methods:Six mechanistically heterogeneous anticonvulsants: phenobarbital, phenytoin, levetiracetam, pregabalin, topiramate, and felbamate were selected and their redox profiles were determined. Diazepam was used as a drug control for comparison. Kindling was induced by repeated injections of a sub-convulsive dose of PTZ (50 mg/kg, s.c.) on alternate days until seizure score 5 was evoked in the control kindled group. Anticonvulsants were administered daily. Following PTZ kindling, oxidative stress biomarkers were assessed in homogenized whole brain samples and estimated for the levels of nitric oxide, peroxide, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, reduced glutathione, and activities of nitric oxide synthase and superoxide dismutase.Results:Biochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species with a parallel decrease in endogenous anti-oxidants in PTZ-kindled control animals. Daily treatment with levetiracetam and felbamate significantly decreased the PTZ-induced seizure score as well as the levels of nitric oxide (p<0.001), nitric oxide synthase activity (p<0.05), peroxide levels (p<0.05), and malondialdehyde (p<0.05). Levetiracetam and felbamate significantly decreased lipid and protein peroxidation whereas topiramate was found to reduce lipid peroxidation only.Conclusions:An AED that produces anticonvulsant effect by the diversified mechanism of action such as levetiracetam, felbamate, and topiramate exhibited superior anti-oxidative stress activity in addition to their anticonvulsant activity.

Effects of chromium supplementation on oxidative Stress biomarkers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Amini ◽  
Fatemeh Sheikhhossein ◽  
Farhang Djafari ◽  
Alireza Jafari ◽  
Kurosh Djafarian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Chromium Picolinate ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Abstract. Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of chromium supplementation on oxidative stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), catalase (CAT), nitric oxide (NO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and protein carbonyl. Methods: Relevant studies, published from inception until July 2019, were searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar. All randomized clinical trials investigating the effect of chromium supplementation on oxidative stress were included. Results: Out of 252 citations, 10 trials that enrolled 595 subjects were included. Chromium supplementation resulted in a significant increase in GSH (WMD: 64.79 mg/dl, 95% CI: 22.43 to 107.15; P=0.003) but no significant change in MDA, TAS, TBARS levels, SOD, CAT levels and GPX. Chromium picolinate supplementation resulted in a significant increase in TAC while failing to have a significant effect on NO. Moreover, both chromium picolinate and chromium dinicocysteinate supplementation reduced protein carbonyl levels. Conclusion: Overall, this meta-analysis demonstrated that chromium supplementation increased GSH without any significant changes in the mean of GPX, MDA, TAS, TBARS, CAT and SOD.

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