scholarly journals Isotope separation of 176Lu a precursor to 177Lu medical isotope using broadband lasers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Suryanarayana

AbstractA new photoionization scheme accessible by Rhodamine dye lasers is proposed for the isotope separation of 176Lu.$$5d6s^{2}\,{^{2}D_{{3/2}}} (0.0\, {\text{cm}}^{{ - 1}} )\mathop{\longrightarrow}\limits^{{573.8130\, {\text{nm}}}}5d6s6p\,{^{4}F_{{3/2}}^{o}} \left( {17427.28\, {\text{cm}}^{{ - 1}} } \right)\mathop{\longrightarrow}\limits^{{560.3114\, {\text{nm}}}}$$ 5 d 6 s 2 2 D 3 / 2 ( 0.0 cm - 1 ) ⟶ 573.8130 nm 5 d 6 s 6 p 4 F 3 / 2 o 17427.28 cm - 1 ⟶ 560.3114 nm $$6s{6p}^{2}\,{^{4}{P}_{5/2}}\left(35274.5 \,{\text{cm}}^{-1}\right){\to } Autoionization\, State {\to }{Lu}^{+}$$ 6 s 6 p 2 4 P 5 / 2 35274.5 cm - 1 → A u t o i o n i z a t i o n S t a t e → Lu + Optimum conditions for the laser isotope separation have been theoretically computed and compared with the previously reported work. The enrichment of ~ 63% can be obtained with > 22 mg/h production rate even when broadband lasers with bandwidth of 500 MHz are employed for the two step excitation. The simplified system requirements for the photoionization scheme combined with a high production rate of 176Lu than previously reported is expected to reduce the global shortage of 176Lu isotope for medical applications.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryanarayana Mv

Abstract A new photoionization scheme accessible by Rhodamine dye lasers is proposed for the isotopeseparation of 176Lu. 5d6s2 2D3/2 (0.0 cm-1) - 573.8130 nm -> 5d6s6p 4Fo3/2 (17427.28 cm-1) - 609.6007 nm -> 6s6p2 4P3/2 (33831.46 cm-1) ---> Autoionization State---> Lu+ Optimum conditions for the isotope separation have been derived and compared with thepreviously reported work. The enrichment of ~ 49% can be obtained with > 12 mg / hourproduction rates even when broadband lasers with bandwidth of 500 MHz employed for the twostep excitation. The simplified system requirements for the photoionization scheme with a highproduction rate is expected reduce the global shortage of 176Lu for medical applications.


Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Emanuela Sanfelici ◽  
Petra Schulz

There is consensus that languages possess several grammatical variants satisfying the same conversational function. Nevertheless, it is a matter of debate which principles guide the adult speaker’s choice and the child’s acquisition order of these variants. Various proposals have suggested that frequency shapes adult language use and language acquisition. Taking the domain of nominal modification as its testing ground, this paper explores in two studies the role that frequency of structures plays for adults’ and children’s structural choices in German. In Study 1, 133 three- to six-year-old children and 21 adults were tested with an elicited production task prompting participants to identify an agent or a patient referent among a set of alternatives. Study 2 analyzed a corpus of child-directed speech to examine the frequency of passive relative clauses, which children, similar to adults, produced very often in Study 1. Importantly, passive relatives were found to be infrequent in the child input. These two results show that the high production rate of rare structures, such as passive relatives, is difficult to account for with frequency. We claim that the relation between frequency in natural speech and use of a given variant in a specific context is indirect: speakers may opt for the less grammatically complex computation rather than for the variant most frequently used in spontaneous speech.


2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. J. Fernandes ◽  
B. A. Fleck ◽  
T. R. Heidrick ◽  
L. Torres ◽  
M. G. Rodriguez

Experimental investigation of drag reduction in vertical two-phase annular flow is presented. The work is a feasibility test for applying drag reducing additives (DRAs) in high production-rate gas-condensate wells where friction in the production tubing limits the production rate. The DRAs are intended to reduce the overall pressure gradient and thereby increase the production rate. Since such wells typically operate in the annular-entrained flow regime, the gas and liquid velocities were chosen such that the experiments were in a vertical two-phase annular flow. The drag reducers had two main effects on the flow. As expected, they reduced the frictional component of the pressure gradient by up to 74%. However, they also resulted in a significant increase in the liquid holdup by up to 27%. This phenomenon is identified as “DRA-induced flooding.” Since the flow was vertical, the increase in the liquid holdup increased the hydrostatic component of the pressure gradient by up to 25%, offsetting some of reduction in the frictional component of the pressure gradient. The DRA-induced flooding was most pronounced at the lowest gas velocities. However, the results show that in the annular flow the net effect will generally be a reduction in the overall pressure gradient by up to 82%. The findings here help to establish an envelope of operations for the application of multiphase drag reduction in vertical flows and indicate the conditions where a significant net reduction of the pressure gradient may be expected.


2018 ◽  
Vol 200 (12) ◽  
pp. 4059-4067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyuan He ◽  
Carolina Allers ◽  
Chie Sugimoto ◽  
Nursarat Ahmed ◽  
Hideki Fujioka ◽  
...  

2006 ◽  
Vol 445-448 ◽  
pp. 553-557
Author(s):  
Ryo Teranishi ◽  
Sukeharu Nomoto ◽  
Junko Matsuda ◽  
Yuji Aoki ◽  
Koichi Nakaoka ◽  
...  

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Chun Lu ◽  
Wei Song ◽  
Duo An ◽  
Beum Jun Kim ◽  
Robert Schwartz ◽  
...  

Compartmentalized hydrogel microparticles with high production rate, uniform size and shape, and tunable ECM support were developed for various scalable 3D cell culture applications.


2006 ◽  
Vol 445-448 ◽  
pp. 504-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Yamada ◽  
Akira Ibi ◽  
Hiroyuki Fukushima ◽  
Reiji Kuriki ◽  
Seiki Miyata ◽  
...  

2009 ◽  
Vol 469 (15-20) ◽  
pp. 1361-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yoshizumi ◽  
S. Miyata ◽  
A. Ibi ◽  
H. Fukushima ◽  
Y. Yamada ◽  
...  

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