scholarly journals Association between chronotype and psychomotor performance of rotating shift workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayane Eusenia Rosa ◽  
Luisa Pereira Marot ◽  
Marco Túlio de Mello ◽  
Elaine Cristina Marqueze ◽  
Fernanda Veruska Narciso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychomotor Performance ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Early Type ◽  
Intermediate Type ◽  
Late Type ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance Test ◽  
Shift Schedule ◽  
Shift Rotation

AbstractIt is known that the chronotype potentially mediates the performance and tolerance to work in shifts and that shift rotation is associated with negative effects on psychomotor performance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of chronotype on psychomotor performance throughout a complete shift rotation schedule. Thirty males working in clockwise rotating shifts from a mining company were evaluated under a real-life condition over the following shift schedule: 2 days of day work, 2 days of evening work and 2 days of night work. The chronotype was determined using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire adapted for shift workers and the obtained scores were categorized by tertiles (early-type, intermediate-type and late-type). Work performance was evaluated by Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT) daily just before shift starts and after shift ends. Sleep duration was evaluated by actigraphy over the whole shift. No isolated effect of the shift or interaction between shift and chronotype was found in the performance variables evaluated. A significant isolated effect of the chronotype showed that the early-type individuals had higher values of pre- and post-work Mean of Reaction Time (MRT) (308.77 ± 10.03 ms and 306.37 ± 8.53 ms, respectively) than the intermediate-type (257.61 ± 6.63 ms and 252.91 ± 5.97 ms, respectively, p < 0.001) and the late-type (273.35 ± 6.96 ms and 262.88 ± 6.05 ms, respectively, p < 0.001). In addition, late individuals presented a greater number of lapses of attention (5.00 ± 0.92; p < 0.05) than early (1.94 ± 0.50, p < 0.05) and intermediate (1.33 ± 0.30, p < 0.001) ones. We concluded that, compared with intermediates, late-type workers had a greater number of lapses of attention on the shift schedule as a whole, while early-type workers showed the highest pre- and post-work MRT. These findings show that the psychomotor performance of rotating shift workers seems to be influenced by the chronotype, but not by the shift rotation.

scholarly journals Shift rotation, circadian misalignment and excessive body weight influence psychomotor performance: a prospective and observational study under real life conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayane Eusenia Rosa ◽  
Luisa Pereira Marot ◽  
Marco Túlio de Mello ◽  
Fernanda Veruska Narciso ◽  
Bruno da Silva Brandão Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychomotor Performance ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Circadian Misalignment ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Excessive Body Weight ◽  
Shift Rotation ◽  
Rest Activity

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the influence of shift work rotation, circadian misalignment and being overweight/obese on psychomotor performance throughout a complete shift rotation schedule. The study was conducted with 30 males working rotating shifts from a mining company under real life conditions. Individuals were evaluated over seven days in a shift schedule carried out as follow: two shifts in the morning (D1 and D2), two shifts in the afternoon (D3 and D4), 24 hour free day (D5) and two shifts at night (D6 and D7). Work performance was evaluated by psychomotor vigilance task tests (PVT), and actigraphy was used to characterise the rest-activity rhythm based on intradaily variability (IV) and interdaily stability (IS) of nonparametric functions. We found a significant effect of the shift, body mass index (BMI), IS and IV on lapses in attention. More lapses occurred on D7 than D1, D2, D3 and D4 of the schedule shift. The obese group presented a higher number of lapses in attention than eutrophic. The interaction between day and IS showed that less synchronised individuals presented a higher number of lapses in attention on D7 than D1 and, for the interaction between day and IV, more fragmented individuals presented a higher number of lapses in attention on D7 than D6. We conclude that higher BMI, lower synchronisation and higher fragmentation of the rest-activity pattern influenced lapses in attention throughout the shift rotation.

scholarly journals Giant planets around AF and M stars

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (S299) ◽  
pp. 64-65
Author(s):  
Julien Rameau ◽  
Gaël Chauvin ◽  
Anne-Marie Lagrange ◽  
Philippe Delorme ◽  
Justine Lannier
Keyword(s):  
Giant Planets ◽  
Early Type ◽  
Late Type ◽  
M Dwarfs ◽  
Low Mass Stars ◽  
Planetary Mass ◽  
Nearby Stars ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
M Stars ◽  
The One

AbstractWe present the results of two three-year surveys of young and nearby stars to search for wide orbit giant planets. On the one hand, we focus on early-type and massive, namely β Pictoris analogs. On the other hand, we observe late type and very low mass stars, i.e., M dwarfs. We report individual detections of new planetary mass objects. According to our deep detection performances, we derive the observed frequency of giant planets between these two classes of parent stars. We find frequency between 6 to 12% but we are not able to assess a/no correlation with the host-mass.

The potential of game- and video-based assessments for social attributes: examples from practice

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Leutner ◽  
Sonia-Cristina Sonia-Cristina ◽  
Josh Liff ◽  
Nathan Mondragon
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Emotion Management ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to describe the development and psychometric properties of a novel game- and video-based assessment of social attributes. Despite their increasing adaption, little research is available on the suitability of games and video analytics for measuring noncognitive attributes in the selection context.Design/methodology/approachThe authors describe three novel assessments and their psychometric properties in a sample of 1,300 participants: a game-based adaptation of an Emotion Recognition Task, a chatbot-based situational judgment test for emotion management and a video-based conscientiousness assessment.FindingsThe novel assessments show good to moderate convergent validity for Emotional Recognition (r = 0.42), Emotion Management (r = 0.39) and Conscientiousness (r = 0.21). The video-based assessment demonstrates preliminary predictive validity for self-reported work performance. Novel game-based assessments (GBAs) are perceived as better designed and more immersive than traditional questionnaires. Adverse impact analysis indicates small group differences by age, gender and ethnicity.Research limitations/implicationsPredictive validity findings need to be replicated using objective measures of performance, such as performance ratings by supervisors and extended to the GBAs. Adverse impact should be evaluated using a real-life applicant pool and extended to additional groups.Practical implicationsEvidence for the psychometric validity of novel assessment formats supports their adoption in selection and recruitment. Improved user experience and shortened assessment times open up new areas of application.Originality/valueThis study gives first insights into psychometric properties of video- and game-based assessments of social attributes.

scholarly journals Supernova Rates

1996 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Van Den Bergh
Keyword(s):  
Luminosity Function ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Starburst Galaxies ◽  
Early Type ◽  
Late Type ◽  
Interstellar Absorption ◽  
Blue Galaxies ◽  
S0 Galaxies ◽  
Intermediate Redshifts ◽  
Parent Galaxy

Extragalactic supernova rates are reviewed. The main uncertainties in calculated rates are due to (1) the influence of the (still poorly known) luminosity function of supernova of a given type on “control times”, to (2) uncertain corrections for possible inclination - dependent bias in supernova discovery probabilities, and (3) interstellar absorption. The total supernova rate in late-type galaxies is found to be ∼ 2(H0/75)2 supernovae (SNe) per century per 1010LB(ʘ) This is consistent with the rate of 3 SNe per century that is derived from the historical data on Galactic supernovae. It is, however, a source of some concern that none of the three Galactic SNe expected to have occurred during the last century was actually observed!The expansion velocities of SNe Ia are found to correlate strongly with parent galaxy Hubble type. This relation is in the sense that low expansion velocities are only observed for those SNe Ia that occur in early-type galaxies. This suggests that V(exp) correlates with the ages of SNe Ia progenitors. It is speculated that the progenitors of a few SNe Ia with high V(exp) values in E and S0 galaxies were formed during recent starbursts.SNe Ia rates appear to be enhanced in post-starburst galaxies. It is suggested that supernova rates might be quite high in the recently discovered population of faint blue galaxies at intermediate redshifts.

Spectroscopic differences between supernovae of type IA in early-type and in late-type galaxies

1993 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 2231 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Branch ◽  
Sidney van den Bergh
Keyword(s):  
Early Type ◽  
Late Type ◽  
Type Ia

On the progenitors of type IA supernovae in early-type and late-type galaxies

1994 ◽  
Vol 423 ◽  
pp. L31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo della Valle ◽  
Mario Livio
Keyword(s):  
Type Ia Supernovae ◽  
Early Type ◽  
Late Type ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Ia Supernovae

scholarly journals A Simulation of Galaxy Formation by Radiation-SPH

2003 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 323-330
Author(s):  
Hajime Susa ◽  
Masayuki Umemura
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Radiation Field ◽  
Galaxy Formation ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Early Type ◽  
Late Type ◽  
Lower Redshift

We investigate galaxy formation with Radiation-SPH simulations in order to find the effects of ultraviolet background radiation field on the star formation in the forming galaxies. We find the ultraviolet background radiation field can delay the star formation in protogalactic clouds, especially at low redshift (z < 2). This result suggests that galaxies formed at lower redshift tend to be late type galaxies, and early type galaxies tend to be formed at higher redshift.

scholarly journals Decoupling the rotation of stars and gas – I. The relationship with morphology and halo spin

2019 ◽  
Vol 492 (2) ◽  
pp. 1869-1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Duckworth ◽  
Rita Tojeiro ◽  
Katarina Kraljic
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Dark Matter Halo ◽  
Early Type ◽  
Late Type ◽  
Crucial Step ◽  
Fundamental Relationship ◽  
Gas Loss ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT We use a combination of data from the MaNGA survey and MaNGA-like observations in IllustrisTNG100 to determine the prevalence of misalignment between the rotational axes of stars and gas. This census paper outlines the typical characteristics of misaligned galaxies in both observations and simulations to determine their fundamental relationship with morphology and angular momentum. We present a sample of ∼4500 galaxies from MaNGA with kinematic classifications which we use to demonstrate that the prevalence of misalignment is strongly dependent on morphology. The misaligned fraction sharply increases going to earlier morphologies (28 ± 3 per cent of 301 early-type galaxies, 10 ± 1 per cent of 677 lenticulars, and 5.4 ± 0.6 per cent of 1634 pure late-type galaxies). For early-types, aligned galaxies are less massive than the misaligned sample whereas this trend reverses for lenticulars and pure late-types. We also find that decoupling depends on group membership for early-types with centrals more likely to be decoupled than satellites. We demonstrate that misaligned galaxies have similar stellar angular momentum to galaxies without gas rotation, much lower than aligned galaxies. Misaligned galaxies also have a lower gas mass than the aligned, indicative that gas loss is a crucial step in decoupling star–gas rotation. Through comparison to a mock MaNGA sample, we find that the strong trends with morphology and angular momentum hold true in IllustrisTNG100. We demonstrate that the lowered angular momentum is, however, not a transient property and that the likelihood of star–gas misalignment at $z$ = 0 is correlated with the spin of the dark matter halo going back to $z$ = 1.

scholarly journals Shift work, and burnout and distress among 7798 blue-collar workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 955-963
Author(s):  
Gerben Hulsegge ◽  
Willem van Mechelen ◽  
Karin I. Proper ◽  
Heleen Paagman ◽  
Johannes R. Anema
Keyword(s):  
Shift Work ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Blue Collar Workers ◽  
Shift Schedule ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the association between shift work, and burnout and distress, and differences by degree of satisfaction with shift schedule and its impact on private life. Methods Population 4275 non-shift factory workers and 3523 rotating 5-shift workers. Workers participated between 2009 and 2016 one to three times in the companies’ periodical occupational health checks. Burnout was measured using the distance, exhaustion and competence subscales of the Dutch Maslach Burnout Inventory and distress by the subscale of the Four-Dimensional Symptom Questionnaire (scale: 0–100). Multiple-adjusted linear mixed models were used to assess between- and within-subject associations between shift work and outcomes, and differences by age, years of shift work, and satisfaction with and impact of shift schedule. Results Shift work was significantly associated with lower scores on burnout distance (B − 1.0, 95% − 1.8 to 0.3), and among those aged < 48 years with burnout exhaustion (range B − 1.3 to − 1.6). However, the effect sizes were small. Compared to non-shift workers, shift workers dissatisfied with their schedule and those experiencing a high impact on private life had significantly higher burnout (range B 1.7–6.3) and distress levels (range B 4.9–6.1). In contrast, satisfied shift workers and those experiencing a low impact of shift schedule had lower burnout (range B − 0.2 to − 2.2) and no difference in distress levels (P ≥ 0.05). No clear pattern by years of shift work was observed. Conclusions Shift work was associated with burnout and distress in those who were dissatisfied with or who had perceived high impact on the private life of their shift schedule.

scholarly journals Regulating the Expansion Characteristics of Cementitious Materials Using Blended MgO-Type Expansive Agent

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Liu ◽  
Zhiyang Chen ◽  
Min Deng
Keyword(s):  
Stress Test ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Test Apparatus ◽  
Early Type ◽  
Late Type ◽  
Cement Pastes ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Expansive Agent

To promote the application of MgO-type expansive agents (MEAs), the expansion stresses produced by compacted MEAs with different activities cured in water at 40 °C were measured using a self-designed expansion stress test apparatus. Based on these, different MEAs were divided into the early-type MgO expansive agent and the late-type MgO expansive agent classifications according to the stress curves of compacted MEAs. The two types of MEAs were blended with each other at different ratios and added into cement pastes. Results indicated that the expansion of the cement pastes added with blended MEAs lasted from the beginning to 200 days later, and the expansion characteristics can be regulated by adjusting the blending ratio of MEAs and the choice of types of MEAs. The results suggest that the expansion of MEAs can be improved by using blended MEAs in practical applications.

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