scholarly journals Electrophysiological evidence of different neural processing between visual and audiovisual inhibition of return

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Tang ◽  
Xueli Wang ◽  
Xing Peng ◽  
Qi Li ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Electrophysiological Evidence ◽  
P3 Component

AbstractInhibition of return (IOR) refers to the slower response to targets appearing on the same side as the cue (valid locations) than to targets appearing on the opposite side as the cue (invalid locations). Previous behaviour studies have found that the visual IOR is larger than the audiovisual IOR when focusing on both visual and auditory modalities. Utilising the high temporal resolution of the event-related potential (ERP) technique we explored the possible neural correlates with the behaviour IOR difference between visual and audiovisual targets. The behavioural results revealed that the visual IOR was larger than the audiovisual IOR. The ERP results showed that the visual IOR effect was generated from the P1 and N2 components, while the audiovisual IOR effect was derived only from the P3 component. Multisensory integration (MSI) of audiovisual targets occurred on the P1, N1 and P3 components, which may offset the reduced perceptual processing due to audiovisual IOR. The results of early and late differences in the neural processing of the visual IOR and audiovisual IOR imply that the two target types may have different inhibitory orientation mechanisms.

scholarly journals Distinguishing the neural correlates of perceptual awareness and post-perceptual processing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Cohen ◽  
Kevin Ortego ◽  
Andrew Kyroudis ◽  
Michael Pitts
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Visual Masking ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Perceptual Awareness ◽  
Conscious Processing ◽  
Human Participants

AbstractTo identify the neural correlates of perceptual awareness, researchers often compare the differences in neural activation between conditions in which an observer is or is not aware of a stimulus. While intuitive, this approach often contains a critical limitation: In order to link brain activity with perceptual awareness, observers traditionally report the contents of their perceptual experience. However, relying on observers’ reports is problematic because it is difficult to know if the neural responses being measured are associated with conscious perception or with post-perceptual processes involved in the reporting task (i.e., working memory, decision-making, etc.). To address this issue, we combined a standard visual masking paradigm with a recently developed “no-report” paradigm in male/female human participants. In the visual masking paradigm, observers saw images of animals and objects that were visible or invisible depending on their proximity to masks. Meanwhile, on half of the trials, observers reported the contents of their perceptual experience (i.e., report condition), while on the other half of trials they refrained from reporting about their experiences (i.e., no-report condition). We used electroencephalography (EEG) to examine how visibility interacts with reporting by measuring the P3b event related potential (ERP), one of the proposed canonical “signatures” of conscious processing. Overall, we found a robust P3b in the report condition, but no P3b whatsoever in the no-report condition. This finding suggests that the P3b itself is not a neural signature of conscious processing and highlights the importance of carefully distinguishing the neural correlates of perceptual awareness from post-perceptual processing.Significance statementWhat are the neural signatures that differentiate conscious and unconscious processing in the brain? Perhaps the most well-established candidate signature is the P3b event-related potential (ERP), a late slow wave that appears when observers are aware of a stimulus, but disappears when a stimulus fails to reach awareness. Here, however, we found that the P3b does not track what observers are perceiving but instead tracks what observers are reporting. When observers are aware of simple visual stimuli, the P3b is nowhere to be found unless observers are reporting the contents of their experience. These results challenge the well-established notion of the P3b as a neural marker of awareness and highlight the need for new approaches to the neuroscience of consciousness.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Return Decreases Early Audiovisual Integration: An Event-Related Potential Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Peng ◽  
Xiaoyu Tang ◽  
Hao Jiang ◽  
Aijun Wang ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Audiovisual Integration ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Cue Validity ◽  
Neural Activities ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Integration Effect ◽  
Related Potentials

Previous behavioral studies have found that inhibition of return decreases the audiovisual integration, while the underlying neural mechanisms are unknown. The current work utilized the high temporal resolution of event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate how audiovisual integration would be modulated by inhibition of return. We employed the cue-target paradigm and manipulated the target type and cue validity. Participants were required to perform the task of detection of visual (V), auditory (A), or audiovisual (AV) targets shown in the identical (valid cue) or opposed (invalid cue) side to be the preceding exogenous cue. The neural activities between AV targets and the sum of the A and V targets were compared, and their differences were calculated to present the audiovisual integration effect in different cue validity conditions (valid, invalid). The ERPs results showed that a significant super-additive audiovisual integration effect was observed on the P70 (60∼90 ms, frontal-central) only under the invalid cue condition. The significant audiovisual integration effects were observed on the N1 or P2 components (N1, 120∼180 ms, frontal-central-parietal; P2, 200∼260 ms, frontal-central-parietal) in both valid cue as well as invalid cue condition. And there were no significant differences on the later components between invalid cue and valid cue. The result offers the first neural demonstration that inhibition of return modulates the early audiovisual integration process.

Exploring the Electrophysiological Correlates of Encoding Retractions of Misinformation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Brydges ◽  
Andrew Gordon ◽  
Ullrich K. H. Ecker
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Memory Encoding ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Behavioural Research ◽  
Corrective Information ◽  
With Memory

A plethora of behavioural research has suggested that the successful encoding of retracting information is required to minimise the lingering effects of misinformation. However, neuroscientific research in this area is much scarcer. Participants (n = 34) completed a typical continued-influence misinformation paradigm whilst electroencephalographic data were recorded. Two event-related potential (ERP) components associated with memory encoding and updating (a left-frontal positivity and the parietal P3b) were examined when participants processed misinformation retractions in comparison to when no misinformation was presented. Neither frequentist nor Bayesian analyses found differences between ERP amplitudes elicited by retractions and non-retractions. It is plausible that misinformation removal and the integration of corrective information are not temporally reliable across trials, resulting in suppressed amplitude in the ERP. Nonetheless, the high temporal resolution of ERPs may still be able to provide an informative perspective on the neural processes of misinformation processing in future research.

Multidetector-row Computed Tomography in the Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease – New Techniques and Insights

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas H Mahnken ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Multidetector Row ◽  
Ct Scanners ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Cardiac Mdct

Over the last decade, cardiac computed tomography (CT) technology has experienced revolutionary changes and gained broad clinical acceptance in the work-up of patients suffering from coronary artery disease (CAD). Since cardiac multidetector-row CT (MDCT) was introduced in 1998, acquisition time, number of detector rows and spatial and temporal resolution have improved tremendously. Current developments in cardiac CT are focusing on low-dose cardiac scanning at ultra-high temporal resolution. Technically, there are two major approaches to achieving these goals: rapid data acquisition using dual-source CT scanners with high temporal resolution or volumetric data acquisition with 256/320-slice CT scanners. While each approach has specific advantages and disadvantages, both technologies foster the extension of cardiac MDCT beyond morphological imaging towards the functional assessment of CAD. This article examines current trends in the development of cardiac MDCT.

scholarly journals Geological CO2 quantified by high-temporal resolution stable isotope monitoring in a salt mine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander H. Frank ◽  
Robert van Geldern ◽  
Anssi Myrttinen ◽  
Martin Zimmer ◽  
Johannes A. C. Barth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Gas Migration ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Anthropogenic Contributions

AbstractThe relevance of CO2 emissions from geological sources to the atmospheric carbon budget is becoming increasingly recognized. Although geogenic gas migration along faults and in volcanic zones is generally well studied, short-term dynamics of diffusive geogenic CO2 emissions are mostly unknown. While geogenic CO2 is considered a challenging threat for underground mining operations, mines provide an extraordinary opportunity to observe geogenic degassing and dynamics close to its source. Stable carbon isotope monitoring of CO2 allows partitioning geogenic from anthropogenic contributions. High temporal-resolution enables the recognition of temporal and interdependent dynamics, easily missed by discrete sampling. Here, data is presented from an active underground salt mine in central Germany, collected on-site utilizing a field-deployed laser isotope spectrometer. Throughout the 34-day measurement period, total CO2 concentrations varied between 805 ppmV (5th percentile) and 1370 ppmV (95th percentile). With a 400-ppm atmospheric background concentration, an isotope mixing model allows the separation of geogenic (16–27%) from highly dynamic anthropogenic combustion-related contributions (21–54%). The geogenic fraction is inversely correlated to established CO2 concentrations that were driven by anthropogenic CO2 emissions within the mine. The described approach is applicable to other environments, including different types of underground mines, natural caves, and soils.

scholarly journals Revealing the time course of laser evoked potential habituation by high temporal resolution analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kersebaum ◽  
S.‐C. Fabig ◽  
M. Sendel ◽  
A. C. Muntean ◽  
R. Baron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Resolution Analysis

scholarly journals Streamlined CTCA During COVID-19 Pandemic Without Beta-Blockade Using High Temporal Resolution Scanners

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. S205
Author(s):  
N. Lammoza ◽  
P. Ratnakanthan ◽  
T. Moran ◽  
P. O'Sullivan ◽  
K. O'Donnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Beta Blockade ◽  
High Temporal Resolution
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