scholarly journals Sleep contributes to preference for novel food odours in Drosophila melanogaster

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuminori Tanizawa ◽  
Hiroyuki Takemoto
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Conditioning Paradigm ◽  
Novel Food ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
Periodic Rotation ◽  
Neural Disorders

AbstractThe importance of sleep in maintaining cognitive functions such as learning and memory has been reported in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Previous studies demonstrated that sleep deprivation impaired the olfactory memory retention of fruit flies as described in the classical conditioning paradigm. Here, we show that sleep deprivation leads to a preference for the odours of the rearing environment in Drosophila melanogaster. Flies whose sleep had been disturbed with periodic rotation stimuli during night-time preferred apple cider vinegar (ACV) to broth, while this preference was lower in flies without sleep deprivation and those rotated during daytime. Experiments using single odours showed an increase in responses to ACV due to sleep deprivation. These results suggest that sleep functions in food odour preference. Flies grown on medium supplemented with ACV showed greater preference for ACV, and those grown with broth supplementation showed a greater preference for broth under sleep-deprived conditions. These results suggest that flies with night-time sleep deprivation become attached to the environment on which they have developed, and that sleep contributes to preference for novel food odours. This study offers an approach to investigating the interaction between sleep and neural disorders concerning cognitive deficits towards novel stimuli.

scholarly journals Anosognosia in People with Cognitive Impairment: Association with Cognitive Deficits and Behavioral Disturbances

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella De Carolis ◽  
Virginia Cipollini ◽  
Valentina Corigliano ◽  
Anna Comparelli ◽  
Micaela Sepe-Monti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Behavioral Disturbances ◽  
The Relationship

Aims: To investigate, in a group of subjects at an early stage of cognitive impairment, the relationship between anosognosia and both cognitive and behavioral symptoms by exploring the various domains of insight. Methods: One hundred and eight subjects affected by cognitive impairment were consecutively enrolled. The level of awareness was evaluated by means of the Clinical Insight Rating Scale (CIRS). Psychiatric symptoms were evaluated using the Italian version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), whereas memory (memory index, MI) and executive (executive index, EI) functions were explored using a battery of neuropsychological tests and qualified by means of a single composite cognitive index score for each function. Results: A significant positive correlation between the total NPI score and global anosognosia score was found. Furthermore, both the MI and EI scores were lower in subjects with anosognosia than in those without anosognosia (p < 0.001 and p < 0.007, respectively). When the single domains of the CIRS were considered, anosognosia of reason of visit correlated with the EI score (r = -0.327, p = 0.01) and night-time behavioral disturbances (r = 0.225; p = 0.021); anosognosia of cognitive deficit correlated with depression (r = -0.193; p = 0.049) and the MI score (r = -0.201; p = 0.040); anosognosia of functional deficit correlated with the MI score (r = -0.257; p = 0.008), delusions (r = 0.232; p = 0.015) and aberrant motor behavior (r = 0.289; p = 0.003); anosognosia of disease progression correlated with the MI score (r = -0.236; p = 0.015), agitation (r = 0.247; p = 0.011), aberrant motor behavior (r = 0.351; p = 0.001) and night-time behavioral disturbances (r = 0.216; p = 0.027). Conclusions: Our study suggests that, in the early stage of cognitive impairment, anosognosia is associated with both cognitive deficits and behavioral disorders according to the specific functional anatomy of the symptoms.

scholarly journals Immune stimulation reduces sleep and memory ability in Drosophila melanogaster

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eamonn B Mallon ◽  
Akram Alghamdi ◽  
Robert T.K. Holdbrook ◽  
Ezio Rosato
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Immune Stimulation ◽  
Night Sleep ◽  
Conditioning Paradigm ◽  
Memory Ability ◽  
Neural Interactions ◽  
Aversive Classical Conditioning

Psychoneuroimmunology studies the increasing number of connections between neurobiology, immunology and behaviour. We establish Drosophila melanogaster as a tractable model in this field by demonstrating the effects of the immune response on two fundamental behaviours: sleep and memory ability. We used the Geneswitch system to upregulate peptidoglycan receptor protein (PGRP) expression, thereby stimulating the immune system in the absence of infection. Geneswitch was activated by feeding the steroid RU486, to the flies. We used an aversive classical conditioning paradigm to quantify memory and measures of activity to infer sleep. Immune stimulated flies exhibited reduced levels of sleep, which could not be explained by a generalised increase in waking activity. The effects on sleep were more pronounced for day compared to night sleep. Immune stimulated flies also showed a reduction in memory abilities. These results establish Drosophila as a model for immune-neural interactions and suggest a possible role for sleep in the interplay between the immune response and memory.

scholarly journals Limited Benefit of Sleep Extension on Cognitive Deficits During Total Sleep Deprivation: Illustration With Two Executive Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Rabat ◽  
Pierrick J. Arnal ◽  
Hortense Monnard ◽  
Mégane Erblang ◽  
Pascal Van Beers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Executive Processes ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sleep Extension

scholarly journals Does the “Morning Morality Effect” Apply to Prehospital Anaesthesiologists? An Investigation into Diurnal Changes in Ethical Behaviour

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Anne Craveiro Brøchner ◽  
Lars Grassmé Binderup ◽  
Caroline Schaffalitzky de Muckadell ◽  
Søren Mikkelsen
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Ethical Behaviour ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Emergency Care Units

The “morning morality effect”—the alleged phenomenon that people are more likely to act in unethical ways in the afternoon when they are tired and have less self-control than in the morning—may well be expected to influence prehospital anaesthesiologist manning mobile emergency care units (MECUs). The working conditions of these units routinely entail fatigue, hunger, sleep deprivation and other physical or emotional conditions that might make prehospital units predisposed to exhibit the “morning morality effect”. We investigated whether this is in fact the case by looking at the distribution of patient transports to hospital with and without physician escort late at night at the end of the shift as a surrogate marker for changing thresholds in ethical behaviour. All missions over a period of 11 years in the MECU in Odense were reviewed. Physician-escorted transports to hospital were compared with non-physician-escorted transports during daytime, evening, and night-time (which correlates with time on the 24 h shifts). In total, 26,883 patients were transported to hospital following treatment by the MECU. Of these, 27.4% (26.9%–27.9%) were escorted to the hospital. The ratio of patient transports to hospital with and without physician escort during the three periods of the day did not differ (p = 1.00). We found no evidence of changes in admission patterns over the day. Thus, no evidence of the expected “morning morality effect” could be found in a prehospital physician-manned emergency care unit.

scholarly journals Pumilio Regulates Sleep Homeostasis in Response to Chronic Sleep Deprivation in Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. De Jesús-Olmo ◽  
Norma Rodríguez ◽  
Marcelo Francia ◽  
Jonathan Alemán-Rios ◽  
Carlos J. Pacheco-Agosto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sleep Homeostasis ◽  
Chronic Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Chronic Sleep

scholarly journals The beneficial effects of leptin on REM sleep deprivation-induced cognitive deficits in mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 328-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-F. Chang ◽  
C.-L. Su ◽  
C.-H. Chang ◽  
Y.-W. Chen ◽  
P.-W. Gean
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Rem Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Beneficial Effects

scholarly journals Preclinical evaluation of non-imidazole histamine H3 receptor antagonists in comparison to atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan W. Brown ◽  
Caroline A. Whitehead ◽  
Ana M. Basso ◽  
Lynne E. Rueter ◽  
Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Spontaneous Alternation ◽  
Inhibitory Avoidance ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Histamine H3 Receptor ◽  
Mk 801 ◽  
H3 Receptor ◽  
Histamine H3

Abstract Cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia (CDS) are implicated as a core symptom cluster of the disease and are associated with poor daily life functioning. Unfortunately, current antipsychotic agents provide little alleviation of CDS, representing a critical unmet therapeutic need. Here we investigated the effects of ABT-239 and A-431404, non-imidazole histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists, in animal models with relevance to CDS. As N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor hypofunction is considered an important factor in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, acute administration of ketamine or MK-801 was used to induce cognitive impairments. The assays employed in the current studies were spontaneous alternation in cross-maze, used as an indication of working memory, and inhibitory avoidance (IA), used to assess long-term memory retention. Risperidone and olanzapine were also tested to directly compare the effects of H3R antagonists to two widely used antipsychotics. ABT-239 and A-431404, but not risperidone and olanzapine, attenuated ketamine-induced deficits on spontaneous alternation in cross-maze, while none of these compounds affected alternation performance on their own. ABT-239 and A-431404 also attenuated MK-801-induced impairments in IA; no effects were observed when given alone. Risperidone and olanzapine, however, failed to attenuate MK-801-induced deficits in IA and produced dose-dependent impairments when given alone. ABT-239 was also investigated in methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) treated rats, a neurodevelopmental model for schizophrenia. Chronic, but not acute, treatment with ABT-239 significantly improved spontaneous alternation impairments in MAM rats tested in cross-maze. In summary, these results suggest H3R antagonists may have the potential to ameliorate CDS.

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