scholarly journals Hearing brain evaluated using near-infrared spectroscopy in congenital toxoplasmosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lívia Libardi Bertachini ◽  
Gabriela Cintra Januario ◽  
Sergio Luiz Novi ◽  
Rickson Coelho Mesquita ◽  
Marco Aurélio Romano Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Hemodynamics

AbstractCongenital toxoplasmosis (CT) is a known cause of hearing loss directly caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Hearing loss might result from sensory, neural, or sensorineural lesions. Early treated infants rarely develop hearing loss, but retinochoroidal lesions, intracranial calcifications and hydrocephalus are common. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the brain evoked hemodynamic responses of CT and healthy infants during four auditory stimuli: mother infant directed speech, researcher infant directed speech, mother reading and researcher recorded. Children underwent Transitionally Evoked Otoacoustic Emission Auditory Testing and Automated Brainstem Auditory Response tests with normal auditory results, but with a tendency for greater latencies in the CT group compared to the control group. We assessed brain hemodynamics with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measurements from 61 infants, and we present fNIRS results as frequency maps of activation and deactivation for each stimulus. By evaluating infants in the three first months of life, we observed an individual heterogeneous brain activation pattern in response to all auditory stimuli for both groups. Each channel was activated or deactivated in less than 30% of children for all stimuli. There is a need of prospective studies to evaluate if the neurologic or auditory changes course with compromise of children outcomes.

scholarly journals Application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in the healthcare industry: A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (06) ◽  
pp. 1930012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keum-Shik Hong ◽  
M. Atif Yaqub
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Hemodynamics ◽  
The Brain

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a growing neuroimaging modality, has been utilized over the past few decades to understand the neuronal behavior in the brain. The technique has been used to assess the brain hemodynamics of impaired cohorts as well as able-bodied. Neuroimaging is a critical technique for patients with impaired cognitive or motor behaviors. The portable nature of the fNIRS system is suitable for frequent monitoring of the patients who exhibit impaired brain activity. This study comprehensively reviews brain-impaired patients: The studies involving patient populations and the diseases discussed in more than 10 works are included. Eleven diseases examined in this paper include autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, epilepsy, depressive disorders, anxiety and panic disorder, schizophrenia, mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and traumatic brain injury. For each disease, the tasks used for examination, fNIRS variables, and significant findings on the impairment are discussed. The channel configurations and the regions of interest are also outlined. Detecting the occurrence of symptoms at an earlier stage is vital for better rehabilitation and faster recovery. This paper illustrates the usability of fNIRS for early detection of impairment and the usefulness in monitoring the rehabilitation process. Finally, the limitations of the current fNIRS systems (i.e., nonexistence of a standard method and the lack of well-established features for classification) and future research directions are discussed. The authors hope that the findings in this paper would lead to advanced breakthrough discoveries in the fNIRS field in the future.

scholarly journals Motor Cortex Function in Fibromyalgia: A Study by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Gentile ◽  
Katia Ricci ◽  
Marianna Delussi ◽  
Filippo Brighina ◽  
Marina de Tommaso
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Motor Cortex Excitability ◽  
Fast Movement

Previous studies indicated changes of motor cortex excitability in fibromyalgia (FM) patients and the positive results of transcranial stimulation techniques. The present study aimed to explore the metabolism of motor cortex in FM patients, in resting state and during slow and fast finger tapping, using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), an optical method which detects in real time the metabolism changes in the cortical tissue. We studied 24 FM patients and 24 healthy subjects. We found a significant slowness of motor speed in FM patients compared to controls. During resting state and slow movement conditions, the metabolism of the motor areas was similar between groups. The oxyhemoglobin concentrations were significantly lower in patients than in control group during the fast movement task. This abnormality was independent from FM severity and duration. The activation of motor cortex areas is dysfunctional in FM patients, thus supporting the rationale for the therapeutic role of motor cortex modulation in this disabling disorder.

Abstract P193: Effects of Biaxial Ankle Passive Movement Therapy on Cortical Activations in Patients With Chronic Stroke a Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Pilot Study

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hogene Kim ◽  
Ji-Eun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Movement Therapy ◽  
Passive Movement ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ankle Movement

Introduction: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of passive biaxial ankle movement therapy on cortical activities. We hypothesized that biaxial ankle passive movement therapy changes patterns of sensorimotor cortical activations during ankle passive movement in chronic stroke. Methods: Seventeen patients with stroke were randomized to either experimental or control group. The experimental group (n=11) received the biaxial ankle training and the control group (n=6) had conventional therapies on affected ankle for a 30-minute daily session, five times a week for a month. Outcome measure was cortical activations by measuring the relative changes of oxygenated hemoglobin concentration between ipsilesional-/contralesional hemisphere during passive ankle movement using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)(Figure 1). All assessments was conducted before and after the training. Significance level was 0.05. Results: fNIRS images showed that ipsilesional oxyhemoglobin concentration increased around primary sensorimotor cortex (SMC) area in both control and experimental groups at the baseline ( P <0.05). After the ankle training, the ipsilesional oxyhemoglobin concentration significantly increased around somatosensory area for both control and experimental groups ( P <0.05, Figure 2). Conclusions: The results of this study showed significant ipsilesional cortical activation in SMC during biaxial ankle movement before and after the ankle training. Further study on the analysis according to the direction of ankle movement for both ipsilesional and contralesional brain area is needed.

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