Maternal HIV infection is associated with distinct systemic cytokine profiles throughout pregnancy in South African women

AbstractMaternal HIV infection is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, but the mechanisms remain unknown. The course of pregnancy is regulated by immunological processes and HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) impact key immune mechanisms, which may disrupt the immune programme of pregnancy. We evaluated a broad range of systemic cytokines at each trimester of pregnancy in 56 women living with HIV (WLHIV) and 68 HIV-negative women, who were enrolled in a prospective pregnancy cohort study in Soweto, South Africa. The pro-inflammatory cytokine IP-10 was detected in each trimester in all WLHIV, which was significantly more than in HIV-negative women. The anti-viral cytokine IFNλ1 was detected more frequently in WLHIV, whereas IFNβ and IFNλ2/3 were detected more frequently in HIV-negative women. Th1 cytokines IL-12 and IL-12p70, Th2 cytokine IL-5, and Th17 cytokine IL-17A were detected more frequently in WLHIV throughout pregnancy. Il-6, IL-9, and IL-10 were more commonly detected in WLHIV in the first trimester. Trends of increased detection of Th1 (IL-2, IL-12p70), Th2 (IL-4, Il-5, Il-13) and Th17 (IL-17A, Il-17F, IL-21, IL-22) cytokines were associated with small-for-gestational-age babies. Our findings indicate that maternal HIV/ART is associated with distinct systemic cytokine profiles throughout pregnancy.

Download Full-text

Impact of maternal HIV infection on pregnancy outcomes in southwestern China – a hospital registry based study

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268818003345 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 147 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Yang ◽

Y. Wang ◽

Y. Chen ◽

Y. Zhou ◽

Q. Jiang

Keyword(s):

Immune Deficiency ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Southwestern China ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Rural Residence ◽

Maternal Hiv ◽

Maternal Hiv Infection ◽

Adverse Pregnancy

AbstractGlobally, human immune deficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) continues to be a major public health issue. With improved survival, the number of people living with HIV/AIDS is increasing, with over 2 million among pregnant women. Investigating adverse pregnant outcomes of HIV-infected population and associated factors are of great importance to maternal and infant health. A cross-sectional data collected from hospital delivery records of 4397 mother–infant pairs in southwestern China were analysed. Adverse pregnant outcomes (including low birthweight/preterm delivery/low Apgar score) and maternal HIV status and other characteristics were measured. Two hundred thirteen (4.9%) mothers were HIV positive; maternal HIV infection, rural residence and pregnancy history were associated with all three indicators of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This research suggested that maternal population have high prevalence in HIV infection in this region. HIV-infected women had higher risks of experiencing adverse pregnancy outcomes. Rural residence predisposes adverse pregnancy outcomes. Findings of this study suggest social and medical support for maternal-infant care needed in this region, selectively towards rural areas and HIV-positive mothers.

Download Full-text

Maternal HIV infection and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Hunan province, China

Medicine ◽

10.1097/md.0000000000019213 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (8) ◽

pp. e19213

Author(s):

Huixia Li ◽

Jiahui Liu ◽

Danfeng Tan ◽

Guangwen Huang ◽

Jianfei Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Hunan Province ◽

Maternal Hiv ◽

Maternal Hiv Infection ◽

Adverse Pregnancy

Download Full-text

A Mother-to-Child Transmission Study in Nigeria: The Impact of Maternal HIV Infection and HAART on Plasma Immunoglobulins, Cytokine Profiles and Infant Outcome

Virologica Sinica ◽

10.1007/s12250-020-00202-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 468-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chinwe O. Ewenighi-Amankwah ◽

Charles Chinedum Onyenekwe ◽

Ogochukwu Udemba ◽

Patience Muogbo ◽

Lijun Rong

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Mother To Child Transmission ◽

Child Transmission ◽

Cytokine Profiles ◽

Transmission Study ◽

Infant Outcome ◽

Maternal Hiv ◽

Maternal Hiv Infection ◽

The Impact ◽

Mother To Child

Download Full-text

Lower genital tract cytokine profiles in South African women living with HIV: influence of mucosal sampling

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-018-30663-8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shameem Z. Jaumdally ◽

Lindi Masson ◽

Heidi E. Jones ◽

Smritee Dabee ◽

Donald R. Hoover ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Genital Tract ◽

African Women ◽

Cytokine Profiles ◽

Women Living With Hiv ◽

Lower Genital Tract ◽

South African Women ◽

Living With Hiv

Download Full-text

Assessing the Effects of Maternal HIV Infection on Pregnancy Outcomes using Cross-sectional Data in Malawi

10.21203/rs.2.21290/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Halima Sumayya Twabi ◽

Samuel O Manda ◽

Dylan S Small

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Perinatal Mortality ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hiv Test ◽

Maternal Hiv ◽

Maternal Hiv Infection ◽

Adverse Pregnancy

Abstract Background : Several studies have shown that maternal HIV infection is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as low birth weight and perinatal mortality. However, the association is conflicted with the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the pregnancy outcomes and it remains unexamined. Using methods for matching possible confounders, the objectives of the study were to assess the effect of maternal HIV on birth weight and perinatal mortality and to investigate the effect of ART on these two pregnancy outcomes in HIV-infected women. Methods: Data on 4111 and 4759 children, born within five years of the 2010 and 2015-16 Malawi Demographic and Health Surveys (MDHS) respectively, whose mothers had an HIV test result, were analysed. A best balancing method was chosen from a set of covariate balance methods namely, the 1:1 nearest neighbour (NN) matching, matching on the propensity score (PS) and inverse weighting on the PS. HIV and ART data were only available in the MDHS 2010, permitting an assessment of the moderating effect of ART on the association between maternal HIV infection and birth weight and perinatal mortality. Results: In 2010, maternal HIV infection was negatively associated with birth weight (-25.3g, 95% CI:(-95.5, -7.4)) and in 2015-16 it was positively associated with birth weight (116.3g, 95 % CI:(27.8, 204.7)). Perinatal mortality was higher in infants of HIV-infected mothers compared to infants of HIV-uninfected mothers (OR = 1.5, 95% CI:(1.1 - 3.1)) in 2010, while there was no difference in the rate in 2015-16 (OR = 1.0, 95% CI:(0.4, 1.6)). ART was not associated with birth weight, however, it was associated with perinatal mortality (OR=3.9, 95% CI:(1.1, 14.8)). Conclusion: The study has found that maternal HIV infection had an adverse effect on birth weight and perinatal mortality in 2010. Birth weight was not dependent on ART uptake but perinatal mortality was higher among infants of HIV-infected mothers who were not on ART. The higher birth weight among HIV-infected mothers and similarity in perinatal mortality with HIV-uninfected mothers in 2015-16 may be indicative of successes of interventions within the PMTCT program in Malawi.

Download Full-text

Prenatal Ultrasound Screening for Fetal Anomalies and Outcomes in High-Risk Pregnancies due to Maternal HIV Infection: A Retrospective Study

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1155/2013/208482 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Reitter ◽

A. U. Stücker ◽

H. Buxmann ◽

E. Herrmann ◽

A. E. Haberl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Prenatal Screening ◽

First Trimester ◽

Prenatal Ultrasound ◽

Ultrasound Screening ◽

Prenatal Ultrasonography ◽

Neonatal Deaths ◽

Maternal Hiv ◽

Maternal Hiv Infection

Objective. To assess the prevalence of prenatal screening and of adverse outcome in high-risk pregnancies due to maternal HIV infection.Study Design. The prevalence of prenatal screening in 330 pregnancies of HIV-positive women attending the department for prenatal screening and/or during labour between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2012, was recorded. Screening results were compared with the postnatal outcome and maternal morbidity, and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) was evaluated.Results. One hundred of 330 women (30.5%) had an early anomaly scan, 252 (74.5%) had a detailed scan at 20–22 weeks, 18 (5.5%) had a detailed scan prior to birth, and three (0.9%) had an amniocentesis. In seven cases (2.12%), a fetal anomaly was detected prenatally and confirmed postnatally, while in eight (2.42%) an anomaly was only detected postnatally, even though a prenatal scan was performed. There were no anomalies in the unscreened group. MTCT occurred in three cases (0.9%) and seven fetal and neonatal deaths (2.1%) were reported.Conclusion. The overall prevalence of prenatal ultrasound screening in our cohort is 74.5%, but often the opportunity for prenatal ultrasonography in the first trimester is missed. In general, the aim should be to offer prenatal ultrasonography in the first trimester in all pregnancies. This allows early reassurance or if fetal disease is suspected, further steps can be taken.

Download Full-text