scholarly journals Impact of maternal HIV infection on pregnancy outcomes in southwestern China – a hospital registry based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yang ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
Y. Chen ◽  
Y. Zhou ◽  
Q. Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv Infection ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

AbstractGlobally, human immune deficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) continues to be a major public health issue. With improved survival, the number of people living with HIV/AIDS is increasing, with over 2 million among pregnant women. Investigating adverse pregnant outcomes of HIV-infected population and associated factors are of great importance to maternal and infant health. A cross-sectional data collected from hospital delivery records of 4397 mother–infant pairs in southwestern China were analysed. Adverse pregnant outcomes (including low birthweight/preterm delivery/low Apgar score) and maternal HIV status and other characteristics were measured. Two hundred thirteen (4.9%) mothers were HIV positive; maternal HIV infection, rural residence and pregnancy history were associated with all three indicators of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This research suggested that maternal population have high prevalence in HIV infection in this region. HIV-infected women had higher risks of experiencing adverse pregnancy outcomes. Rural residence predisposes adverse pregnancy outcomes. Findings of this study suggest social and medical support for maternal-infant care needed in this region, selectively towards rural areas and HIV-positive mothers.

scholarly journals Maternal HIV infection and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in Hunan province, China

Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. e19213
Author(s):  
Huixia Li ◽  
Jiahui Liu ◽  
Danfeng Tan ◽  
Guangwen Huang ◽  
Jianfei Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv Infection ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

scholarly journals Assessing the Effects of Maternal HIV Infection on Pregnancy Outcomes using Cross-sectional Data in Malawi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halima Sumayya Twabi ◽  
Samuel O Manda ◽  
Dylan S Small
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv Infection ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Abstract Background : Several studies have shown that maternal HIV infection is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as low birth weight and perinatal mortality. However, the association is conflicted with the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the pregnancy outcomes and it remains unexamined. Using methods for matching possible confounders, the objectives of the study were to assess the effect of maternal HIV on birth weight and perinatal mortality and to investigate the effect of ART on these two pregnancy outcomes in HIV-infected women. Methods: Data on 4111 and 4759 children, born within five years of the 2010 and 2015-16 Malawi Demographic and Health Surveys (MDHS) respectively, whose mothers had an HIV test result, were analysed. A best balancing method was chosen from a set of covariate balance methods namely, the 1:1 nearest neighbour (NN) matching, matching on the propensity score (PS) and inverse weighting on the PS. HIV and ART data were only available in the MDHS 2010, permitting an assessment of the moderating effect of ART on the association between maternal HIV infection and birth weight and perinatal mortality. Results: In 2010, maternal HIV infection was negatively associated with birth weight (-25.3g, 95% CI:(-95.5, -7.4)) and in 2015-16 it was positively associated with birth weight (116.3g, 95 % CI:(27.8, 204.7)). Perinatal mortality was higher in infants of HIV-infected mothers compared to infants of HIV-uninfected mothers (OR = 1.5, 95% CI:(1.1 - 3.1)) in 2010, while there was no difference in the rate in 2015-16 (OR = 1.0, 95% CI:(0.4, 1.6)). ART was not associated with birth weight, however, it was associated with perinatal mortality (OR=3.9, 95% CI:(1.1, 14.8)). Conclusion: The study has found that maternal HIV infection had an adverse effect on birth weight and perinatal mortality in 2010. Birth weight was not dependent on ART uptake but perinatal mortality was higher among infants of HIV-infected mothers who were not on ART. The higher birth weight among HIV-infected mothers and similarity in perinatal mortality with HIV-uninfected mothers in 2015-16 may be indicative of successes of interventions within the PMTCT program in Malawi.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes and maternal urban or rural residence at birth

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Chrisman ◽  
Paula Sarcinelli ◽  
Rosalina Koifman ◽  
Sergio Koifman ◽  
Armando Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Rural Residence ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

scholarly journals Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Among HIV-positive Women in the Era of Universal Antiretroviral Therapy Remain Elevated Compared With HIV-negative Women

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent J. Tukei ◽  
Heather J. Hoffman ◽  
Lauren Greenberg ◽  
Ramatlapeng Thabelo ◽  
Masepeli Nchephe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Hiv Negative

scholarly journals Maternal HIV infection is associated with distinct systemic cytokine profiles throughout pregnancy in South African women

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Akoto ◽  
Shane A. Norris ◽  
Joris Hemelaar
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
African Women ◽  
Cytokine Profiles ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv Infection ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
South African Women ◽  
Hiv Negative

AbstractMaternal HIV infection is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, but the mechanisms remain unknown. The course of pregnancy is regulated by immunological processes and HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) impact key immune mechanisms, which may disrupt the immune programme of pregnancy. We evaluated a broad range of systemic cytokines at each trimester of pregnancy in 56 women living with HIV (WLHIV) and 68 HIV-negative women, who were enrolled in a prospective pregnancy cohort study in Soweto, South Africa. The pro-inflammatory cytokine IP-10 was detected in each trimester in all WLHIV, which was significantly more than in HIV-negative women. The anti-viral cytokine IFNλ1 was detected more frequently in WLHIV, whereas IFNβ and IFNλ2/3 were detected more frequently in HIV-negative women. Th1 cytokines IL-12 and IL-12p70, Th2 cytokine IL-5, and Th17 cytokine IL-17A were detected more frequently in WLHIV throughout pregnancy. Il-6, IL-9, and IL-10 were more commonly detected in WLHIV in the first trimester. Trends of increased detection of Th1 (IL-2, IL-12p70), Th2 (IL-4, Il-5, Il-13) and Th17 (IL-17A, Il-17F, IL-21, IL-22) cytokines were associated with small-for-gestational-age babies. Our findings indicate that maternal HIV/ART is associated with distinct systemic cytokine profiles throughout pregnancy.

Influence of maternal HIV infection on fetal thymus size

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Clara L. Gasthaus ◽  
Ralf Schmitz ◽  
Kerstin Hammer ◽  
Kathrin Oelmeier de Murcia ◽  
Maria K. Falkenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fetal Thymus ◽  
Hiv Positive Mothers ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Thymus Size

AbstractObjectiveTo reveal the effect of a maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the fetal thymus size.MethodsThe sonographic fetal thymus size was measured retrospectively in 105 pregnancies with maternal HIV infection and in 615 uncomplicated singleton pregnancies. The anteroposterior thymic and the intrathoracic mediastinal diameter were determined in the three-vessel view and their quotient, the thymic-thoracic ratio (TT ratio), was calculated. The study group was subdivided into three groups by the maternal viral load on the date of ultrasound (<50 cop./mL, 50–1000 cop./mL, >1000 cop./mL). Furthermore, an association between prognostic factors of the HIV infection such as the lymphocyte count, CD4/CD8 ratio, HIV medication and the thymus size, was investigated using correlation analyses.ResultsFetal thymus size in pregnancies of HIV-positive mothers showed to be noticeably larger than in uncomplicated pregnancies. The mean TT ratio in the HIV-positive group was 0.389 and in the control group 0.345 (P < 0.001). There was no association between any maternal HIV parameter or medication and the size of the thymus gland.ConclusionMaternal HIV infection was associated with an increased fetal thymus size. Further consequences of intrauterine HIV exposure for fetal outcome and the development of the immune system of HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants must be discussed.

scholarly journals Neonatal Tetanus Immunity in Nigeria: The Effect of HIV Infection on Serum Levels and Transplacental Transfer of Antibodies

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Faruk Bashir ◽  
Hassan Abdullahi Elechi ◽  
Mohammed Garba Ashir ◽  
Adamu Ibrahim Rabasa ◽  
David Nadeba Bukbuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Neonatal Tetanus ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Transplacental Transfer ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv Infection ◽  
Hiv Exposed ◽  
Tetanus Antibodies

Background. Tetanus toxoid immunisation of pregnant mother has remained the most effective strategy in eliminating neonatal tetanus. Impaired production and/or transplacental transfer of antibodies may affect the effectiveness of this strategy. We studied the effect of maternal HIV infection on serum levels and transplacental transfer of anti-tetanus antibodies.Methods. A total of 162 mother-baby paired serum samples were taken and analysed for anti-tetanus antibody levels using ELISA. Maternal HIV status was also determined by double ELISA technique. Maternal TT vaccination status was also documented.Results. Thirty-eight (23.5%) mothers and 41 (25.3%) babies were seronegative, out of whom 8 mothers were HIV positive and 9 babies were HIV exposed. HIV infected mothers and HIV exposed infants were, respectively, 16.27 times (OR = 16.27, 95% CI = 3.28 to 80.61) and 33.75 times (OR = 33.75, 95% CI = 4.12 to 276.40) more likely to be seronegative for anti-tetanus antibody. Similarly, HIV positive mother-newborn pairs were 7.46 times more likely to have a poor transplacental transfer of tetanus antibodies (OR = 7.46, 95% CI = 1.96 to 28.41).Conclusions. Maternal HIV infection is associated with impaired maternofoetal transfer of anti-tetanus antibodies and seronegativity among mothers and their newborns. Hence, this may hinder efforts to eliminate neonatal tetanus.

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