Retraction Note: Childhood iron deficiency anemia leads to recurrent respiratory tract infections and gastroenteritis

Introduction: Wheezing is the common in children with cumulative prevalence of almost 50% by the age of 6 yrs. Iron deficiency anaemia is an independent risk factor for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), however may also play an important role in wheeze associated respiratory tract infection. The present study aimed at finding a correlation between iron deficiency anaemia and wheeze associated respiratory tract infection. Materials and Methods: This case control study was conducted at a multidisciplinary tertiary care hospital from Jul 2012 to Jun 2013 among children six months to five years and having ≥2 episodes of wheeze associated respiratory tract infections. The clinical presentation and laboratory profile were recorded on a predesigned performa. Iron deficiency anaemia was diagnosed by haemoglobin <11.0 gm%, serum ferritin<12ng/ml and RDW>15%. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS, Version 15.0. Results: A total of 100 children were enrolled in the study, of which 50 cases and 50 matched controls. Majority of subjects in both groups were males (n=31;62%),with male to female ratio of 1.6:1. Proportion of cases with iron deficiency anaemia were higher among cases(32%) as compared to controls(24%) but the difference between two groups was not significant statistically (p=0.373) despite having higher risk(OR=1.49;95% CI=0.62-3.59). Mean monocyte, oeosinophil and absolute oeosinophil count was found to be significantly higher in cases as compared to controls (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study do not suggest a possible linkage between iron deficiency anemia and wheeze associated respiratory infection, however its role as causative factor needs to be explored through long-term prospective and intervention studies on a large population.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2014;34(3):195-199 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v34i3.11378

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ASSOCIATION OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA WITH ACUTE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v71i4.2549 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (4) ◽

pp. 1322-26

Author(s):

Raazia Nawaz ◽

Shabbir Hussain ◽

Arshad Khushdil ◽

Sidra Tanveer ◽

Maria Javed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infection ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract Infection ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Tract Infections

Objective: To establish association between acute lower respiratory tract infection and iron deficiency anemia. Study Design: Case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: Pediatrics Department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Dec 2017 to May 2018. Methodology: A total of 100 children with age ranging from 6-60 months were selected for this study with 50 being in each group. Study group constituted of children presenting with acute lower respiratory tract infection and healthy children presenting to outpatient were taken as controls. Hemoglobin levels (<11g/dl), mean corpuscular volume (<70fl), Serum Ferritin (<30ng/ml) and red blood cell Morphology were used to determine iron deficiency anemia. Patients meeting the WHO criteria were labeled to have acute lower respiratory tract infection. Results: The frequency of iron deficiency was found to be 40 (80%) in cases and only 34 (17%) in healthy controls. A significant association was found between iron deficiency anemia and acute lower respiratory tract Infection with an odds ratio of 7.76 and a significant p-value of <0.01. Conclusions: Iron deficiency anemia has an increased association of up to seven times in children with acute lower respiratory tract infections as compared to healthy children thus highlighting it as a significant risk factor.

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Acceptability of a Sublingual Drug Formulation for Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Aged 3 to 5 Years

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13020294 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 294

Author(s):

Andrzej Emeryk ◽

Thibault Vallet ◽

Ewelina Wawryk-Gawda ◽

Arkadiusz Jędrzejewski ◽

Frederic Durmont ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Drug Formulation ◽

Reference Framework ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Key Factor ◽

Treatment Safety ◽

The Many ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections

In pediatrics, acceptability has emerged as a key factor for compliance, and consequently for treatment safety and efficacy. Polyvalent mechanical bacterial lysate (PMBL) in 50-mg sublingual tablets is indicated in children and adults for the prophylaxis of recurrent respiratory tract infections. This medication may be prescribed in children over 3 years of age; the appropriateness of this sublingual formulation should thus be demonstrated amongst young children. Using a multivariate approach integrating the many aspects of acceptability, standardized observer reports were collected for medication intake over the course of treatment (days 1, 2, and 10) in 37 patients aged 3 to 5 years, and then analyzed in an intelligible model: the acceptability reference framework. According to this multidimensional model, 50-mg PMBL sublingual tablets were classified as “positively accepted” in children aged 3 to 5 years on all three days of evaluation. As the acceptability evaluation should be relative, we demonstrated that there was no significant difference between the acceptability of these sublingual tablets and a score reflecting the average acceptability of oral/buccal medicines in preschoolers. These results highlight that sublingual formulations could be appropriate for use in preschoolers.

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