scholarly journals Human visual search follows a suboptimal Bayesian strategy revealed by a spatiotemporal computational model and experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhui Zhou ◽  
Yuguo Yu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Movement Model ◽  
Human Eye ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Search Experiment ◽  
Movement Strategy ◽  
Human Eye Movements

AbstractThere is conflicting evidence regarding whether humans can make spatially optimal eye movements during visual search. Some studies have shown that humans can optimally integrate information across fixations and determine the next fixation location, however, these models have generally ignored the control of fixation duration and memory limitation, and the model results do not agree well with the details of human eye movement metrics. Here, we measured the temporal course of the human visibility map and performed a visual search experiment. We further built a continuous-time eye movement model that considers saccadic inaccuracy, saccadic bias, and memory constraints. We show that this model agrees better with the spatial and temporal properties of human eye movements and predict that humans have a memory capacity of around eight previous fixations. The model results reveal that humans employ a suboptimal eye movement strategy to find a target, which may minimize costs while still achieving sufficiently high search performance.

scholarly journals Human Visual Search Follows Suboptimal Bayesian Strategy Revealed by a Spatiotemporal Computational Model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhui Zhou ◽  
Yuguo Yu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Human Eye ◽  
Visibility Map ◽  
Temporal Course

AbstractHumans perform sequences of eye movements to search for a target in complex environment, but the efficiency of human search strategy is still controversial. Previous studies showed that humans can optimally integrate information across fixations and determine the next fixation location. However, their models ignored the temporal control of eye movement, ignored the limited human memory capacity, and the model prediction did not agree with details of human eye movement metrics well. Here, we measured the temporal course of human visibility map and recorded the eye movements of human subjects performing a visual search task. We further built a continuous-time eye movement model which considered saccadic inaccuracy, saccadic bias, and memory constraints in the visual system. This model agreed with many spatial and temporal properties of human eye movements, and showed several similar statistical dependencies between successive eye movements. In addition, our model also predicted that the human saccade decision is shaped by a memory capacity of around 8 recent fixations. These results suggest that human visual search strategy is not strictly optimal in the sense of fully utilizing the visibility map, but instead tries to balance between search performance and the costs to perform the task.Author SummaryDuring visual search, how do humans determine when and where to make eye movement is an important unsolved issue. Previous studies suggested that human can optimally use the visibility map to determine fixation locations, but we found that such model didn’t agree with details of human eye movement metrics because it ignored several realistic biological limitations of human brain functions, and couldn’t explain the temporal control of eye movements. Instead, we showed that considering the temporal course of visual processing and several constrains of the visual system could greatly improve the prediction on the spatiotemporal properties of human eye movement while only slightly affected the search performance in terms of median fixation numbers. Therefore, humans may not use the visibility map in a strictly optimal sense, but tried to balance between search performance and the costs to perform the task.

FRACTAL-BASED ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF COLOR TONALITY ON HUMAN EYE MOVEMENTS

Fractals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950040 ◽  
Author(s):  
HEDIEH ALIPOUR ◽  
HAMIDREZA NAMAZI ◽  
HAMED AZARNOUSH ◽  
SAJAD JAFARI
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Vision Science ◽  
Human Eye ◽  
Human Eye Movements ◽  
Different Color

An important category of studies in vision science is related to the analysis of the influence of environmental changes on human eye movement. In this way, scientists analyze human eye movement in different conditions using different methods. An important category of works is devoted to the decoding of eye reaction to color tonality. In this research for the first time, we examined the application of fractal theory for decoding of eye reaction to variations in color intensity of visual stimuli. Three green visual stimuli with different color intensities have been applied to subjects and accordingly the fractal dimension of their eye movements has been analyzed. We also tested the eye movement in non-stimulation condition (rest). Based on the obtained results, increasing the color intensity of visual stimuli caused a lower complexity in subject’s eye movement. We also observed that eye movement is less complex in case of non-stimulation compared to different stimulation conditions. The application of fractal theory in analysis of eye movement can be extended to analyze the effect of other stimulation conditions on eye movement to investigate about the decoding behavior of human eye, which is very important in vision science.

Effects of diphenhydramine on human eye movements

1995 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Hopfenbeck ◽  
Deborah S. Cowley ◽  
Allen Radant ◽  
Peter P. Roy-Byrne ◽  
David J. Greenblatt
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Human Eye ◽  
Human Eye Movements

scholarly journals Conscious and unconscious memory differentially impact attention: Eye movements, visual search, and recognition processes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Ramey ◽  
Andrew P. Yonelinas ◽  
John M. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Conscious Recollection ◽  
Memory Awareness ◽  
Efficient Extraction ◽  
Subjective Reports ◽  
Unconscious Memory

A hotly debated question is whether memory influences attention through conscious or unconscious processes. To address this controversy, we measured eye movements while participants searched repeated real-world scenes for embedded targets, and we assessed memory for each scene using confidence-based methods to isolate different states of subjective memory awareness. We found that memory-informed eye movements during visual search were predicted both by conscious recollection, which led to a highly precise first eye movement toward the remembered location, and by unconscious memory, which increased search efficiency by gradually directing the eyes toward the target throughout the search trial. In contrast, these eye movement measures were not influenced by familiarity-based memory (i.e., changes in subjective reports of memory strength). The results indicate that conscious recollection and unconscious memory can each play distinct and complementary roles in guiding attention to facilitate efficient extraction of visual information.

Complexity-Based Analysis of the Relation Between Fractal Visual Stimuli and Fractal Eye Movements

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedieh Alipour ◽  
Farzad Towhidkhah ◽  
Sajad Jafari ◽  
Avinash Menon ◽  
Hamidreza Namazi
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Fractal Structure ◽  
Visual Target ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Vision Science ◽  
Human Eye ◽  
Field Of Vision ◽  
External Stimuli

Human eye movement is a key concept in the field of vision science. It has already been established that human eye movement responds to external stimuli. Hence, investigating the reaction of the human eye movement to various types of external stimuli is important in this field. There have been many researches on human eye movement that were previously done, but this is the first study to show a relation between the complex structure of human eye movement and the complex structure of static visual stimulus. Fractal theory was implemented and we showed that the fractal dynamics of the human eye movement is related to the fractal structure of visual target as stimulus. The outcome of this research provides new platforms to scientists to further investigate on the relation between eye movement and other applied stimuli.

scholarly journals Coarse-to-fine eye movement strategy in visual search

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (17) ◽  
pp. 2272-2280 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A.B. Over ◽  
I.T.C. Hooge ◽  
B.N.S. Vlaskamp ◽  
C.J. Erkelens
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Movement Strategy ◽  
Coarse To Fine
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