scholarly journals Effects of germination season on life history traits and on transgenerational plasticity in seed dormancy in a cold desert annual

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan J. Lu ◽  
Dun Y. Tan ◽  
Carol C. Baskin ◽  
Jerry M. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Cold Desert ◽  
Transgenerational Plasticity ◽  
Desert Annual

scholarly journals Is the Life History Flexibility of Cold Desert Annuals Broad Enough to Cope with Predicted Climate Change? The Case of Erodium oxyrhinchum in Central Asia

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 780
Author(s):  
Huiliang Liu ◽  
Yanfeng Chen ◽  
Lingwei Zhang ◽  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Carol C. Baskin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life History ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Cold Desert ◽  
Nw China ◽  
Desert Annual ◽  
Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽  
Projected Changes

Interannual seasonal variability in precipitation may strongly affect the life history and growth of desert annual plants. We compared the effects of dry and wet springs and dry and wet autumns on growth and F2 seed dormancy of plants from spring (SG)- and autumn (AG)-germinated seeds of the cold desert annual Erodium oxyrhinchum. Vegetative and reproductive growth and F2 seed dormancy and germination were monitored from September 2016 to November 2020 in the sandy Gurbantunggut Desert in NW China in Central Asia. Dry autumns decreased the density of AG plants, and dry springs decreased the density of SG plants and growth of SG and AG plants. In dry springs, SG plants were more sensitive to precipitation than AG plants, while in wet springs SG and AG plants had similar responses to precipitation. During growth in both dry and wet springs, most morphological characters of SG and AG plants initially increased rapidly in size/number and then plateaued or decreased, except for SG plants in dry springs. In dry springs, most morphological characters of AG plants were larger or more numerous than those of SG plants, and they were larger/more numerous for SG plants in wet than in dry springs. The percentage biomass allocated to reproduction in SG plants was slightly higher in a wet than in a dry spring. A much higher proportion of dormant seeds was produced by AG plants in a wet spring than in a dry spring. Projected changes in precipitation due to climate change in NW China are not likely to have much of an effect on the biology of this common desert annual plant.

scholarly journals Evolution and seed dormancy shape plant genotypic structure through a successional cycle

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (34) ◽  
pp. e2026212118
Author(s):  
Anurag A. Agrawal ◽  
Amy P. Hastings ◽  
John L. Maron
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
Oenothera Biennis ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

Dormancy has repeatedly evolved in plants, animals, and microbes and is hypothesized to facilitate persistence in the face of environmental change. Yet previous experiments have not tracked demography and trait evolution spanning a full successional cycle to ask whether early bouts of natural selection are later reinforced or erased during periods of population dormancy. In addition, it is unclear how well short-term measures of fitness predict long-term genotypic success for species with dormancy. Here, we address these issues using experimental field populations of the plant Oenothera biennis, which evolved over five generations in plots exposed to or protected from insect herbivory. While populations existed above ground, there was rapid evolution of defensive and life-history traits, but populations lost genetic diversity and crashed as succession proceeded. After >5 y of seed dormancy, we triggered germination from the seedbank and genotyped >3,000 colonizers. Resurrected populations showed restored genetic diversity that reduced earlier responses to selection and pushed population phenotypes toward the starting conditions of a decade earlier. Nonetheless, four defense and life-history traits remained differentiated in populations with insect suppression compared with controls. These findings capture key missing elements of evolution during ecological cycles and demonstrate the impact of dormancy on future evolutionary responses to environmental change.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Diaspore Characteristics with Phylogeny, Life History Traits, and Their Ecological Adaptation of 150 Species from the Cold Desert of Northwest China

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Liang Liu ◽  
Dao-Yuan Zhang ◽  
Shi-Min Duan ◽  
Xi-Yong Wang ◽  
Ming-Fang Song
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Ecological Adaptation ◽  
Gurbantunggut Desert ◽  
Cold Desert ◽  
Dispersal Syndromes ◽  
Gurbantünggüt Desert ◽  
The Relationship

Diaspore characteristics of 22 families, including 102 genera and 150 species (55 represented by seeds and 95 by fruits) from the Gurbantunggut Desert were analyzed for diaspore biological characteristics (mass, shape, color, and appendage type). The diaspore mass and shape were significantly different in phylogeny group (APG) and dispersal syndromes; vegetative periods significantly affected diaspore mass, but not diaspore shape; and ecotypes did not significantly affect diaspore mass and shape, but xerophyte species had larger diaspore mass than mesophyte species. Unique stepwise ANOVA results showed that variance in diaspore mass and shape among these 150 species was largely dependent upon phylogeny and dispersal syndromes. Therefore, it was suggested that phylogeny may constrain diaspore mass, and as dispersal syndromes may be related to phylogeny, they also constrained diaspore mass and shape. Diaspores of 85 species (56.67%) had appendages, including 26 with wings/bracts, 18 with pappus/hair, 14 with hooks/spines, 10 with awns, and 17 with other types of appendages. Different traits (mass, shape, color, appendage, and dispersal syndromes) of diaspore decided plants forming different adapted strategies in the desert. In summary, the diaspore characteristics were closely related with phylogeny, vegetative periods, dispersal syndromes, and ecotype, and these characteristics allowed the plants to adapt to extreme desert environments.

scholarly journals Trans-generational effects on diapause and life-history-traits of an aphid parasitoid

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tougeron K. ◽  
Devogel M. ◽  
van Baaren J. ◽  
Le Lann C. ◽  
Hance T.
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Transgenerational Effects ◽  
Aphid Parasitoid ◽  
Transgenerational Plasticity ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Wide Range

SummaryTransgenerational effects act on a wide range of insects’ life-history traits and can be involved in the control of developmental plasticity, such as diapause expression. Decrease in or total loss of winter diapause expression recently observed in some species could arise from inhibiting maternal effects. In this study, we explored transgenerational effects on diapause expression and traits in one industrial and one wild strain of the aphid parasitoidAphidius ervi. These strains were reared under short photoperiod (8:16 h LD) and low temperature (14 °C) conditions over two generations. Diapause levels, developmental times, physiological and morphological traits were measured. Diapause levels increased after one generation in the wild but not in the industrial strain. For both strains, the second generation took longer to develop than the first one. Tibia length and wing surface decreased over generations while fat content increased. A crossed-generations experiment focusing on the industrial parasitoid strain showed that offspring from mothers reared at 14 °C took longer to develop, were heavier, taller with wider wings and with more fat reserves than those from mothers reared at 20 °C (8:16 h LD). No effect of the mother rearing conditions was shown on diapause expression. Additionally to direct plasticity of the offspring, results suggest transgenerational plasticity effects on diapause expression, development time, and on the values of life-history traits. We demonstrated that populations showing low diapause levels may recover higher levels through transgenerational plasticity in response to diapause-induction cues, provided that environmental conditions are reaching the induction-thresholds specific to each population. Transgenerational plasticity is thus important to consider when evaluating how insects adapt to changing environments.

scholarly journals Contributions of dynamic environmental signals during life-cycle transitions to early life-history traits in lodgepole pine (<i>Pinus contorta</i> Dougl.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2945-2958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Tongli Wang ◽  
Yousry A. El-Kassaby
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Winter Chilling

Abstract. Environmental signals are important triggers in the life-cycle transitions and play a crucial role in the life-history evolution. Yet very little is known about the leading ecological factors contributing to the variations of life-history traits in perennial plants. This paper explores both the causes and consequences for the evolution of life-history traits (i.e., seed dormancy and size) in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) across British Columbia (B.C.), Canada. We selected 83 logepole pine populations covering 22 ecosystem zones of B.C. and through their geographic coordinate, 197 climatic variables were generated accordingly for the reference (1961–1990) and future (2041–2070) periods. We found that dynamic climatic variables rather than constant geographic variables are the true environmental driving forces in seed dormancy and size variations and thus provide reliable predictors in response to global climate change. Evapotranspiration and precipitation in the plant-to-seed chronology are the most critical climate variables for seed dormancy and size variations, respectively. Hence, we predicted that levels of seed dormancy in lodgepole pine would increase across large tracts of B.C. in 2050s. Winter-chilling is able to increase the magnitude of life-history plasticity and lower the bet-hedge strategy in the seed-to-plant transition; however, winter-chilling is likely to be insufficient in the north of 49° N in 2050s, which may delay germination while unfavorable conditions during dry summers may result in adverse consequences in the survival of seedlings owing to extended germination span. These findings provide useful information to studies related to assessments of seed transfer and tree adaptation.

scholarly journals Germination Season and Watering Regime, but Not Seed Morph, Affect Life History Traits in a Cold Desert Diaspore-Heteromorphic Annual

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e102018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan J. Lu ◽  
Dun Y. Tan ◽  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Carol C. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Cold Desert

scholarly journals Contributions of dynamic environmental signals during life-cycle transitions to early life-history traits in lodgepole pine (<i>Pinus contorta</i> Dougl.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 14105-14138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Liu ◽  
T. Wang ◽  
Y. A. El-Kassaby
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Environmental Signals ◽  
Winter Chilling

Abstract. Environmental signals are important triggers in the life-cycle transitions and play a crucial role in the life-history evolution. Yet, very little is known about the leading ecological factors contributing to the variations of life-history traits in perennial plants. This paper explores both the causes and consequences for the evolution of life-history traits (i.e., seed dormancy and size) in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) across British Columbia (B.C.), Canada. We selected 83 logepole pine populations covering 22 ecosystem zones of B.C. and through their geographic coordinate, 197 climatic variables were generated accordingly for the reference (1961–1990) and future (2041–2070) periods. We found that dynamic climatic variables rather than constant geographic variables are the true environmental driving forces in seed dormancy and size variations and thus provide reliable predictors in response to global climate change. Evapotranspiration and precipitation in the plant-to-seed chronology are the most critical climate variables for seed dormancy and size variations, respectively. Hence, we predicted that levels of seed dormancy in lodgepole pine would increase across large tracts of B.C. in 2050s. Winter-chilling is able to increase the magnitude of life-history plasticity and lower the bet-hedge strategy in the seed-to-plant transition; however, winter-chilling is likely to be insufficient in the north of 49° N in 2050s, which may delay germination while unfavourable conditions during dry summers may result in adverse consequences in the survival of seedlings owing to extended germination span.

scholarly journals Effects of increased precipitation on the life history of spring- and autumn-germinated plants of the cold desert annual Erodium oxyrhynchum (Geraniaceae)

AoB Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfeng Chen ◽  
Xiang Shi ◽  
Lingwei Zhang ◽  
Jerry M Baskin ◽  
Carol C Baskin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Cold Desert ◽  
History Of ◽  
Desert Annual

scholarly journals Maternally-transferred thyroid hormones and life-history variation in birds

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin-Yan Hsu ◽  
Veli-Matti Pakanen ◽  
Winnie Boner ◽  
Tapio Eeva ◽  
Blandine Doligez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Developmental Duration ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Transgenerational Plasticity ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
Egg Yolks

AbstractLife-history traits vary largely across species and several physiological parameters have been proposed to be associated with life-history variation, such as metabolic rates, glucocorticoids, and oxidative stress. Interestingly, the association between thyroid hormones (THs) and life history variation has never been considered, despite a close interaction between THs and these physiological traits. Because of the crucial effects on embryonic development, THs can also induce transgenerational plasticity when transferred to developing offspring, for instance, via egg yolks in birds. In this study, we compiled a unique data set of maternal yolk THs in 34 bird species across 17 families and 6 orders, and tested for associations with various life-history traits. Our phylogenetic mixed models indicated that both concentrations and total amounts of the two most important forms of THs (T3 and T4) were higher in the eggs of migratory species than in those of resident species, and that there were higher total amounts of T3 in the eggs of precocial species than in those of altricial species. However, maternal THs did not show clear associations with any traits of the pace-of-life syndrome, such as developmental duration, growth rate, or lifespan. When taking environmental factors into account, we found that captive species deposited higher TH concentrations and larger amounts in the egg yolks than wild species. These findings suggest that maternal THs are likely involved in the evolution of life-history variation, or vice versa.

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