Resolving sources of water-soluble organic carbon in fine particulate matter measured at an urban site during winter

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Yong Cho ◽  
Seung Shik Park
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Water Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Soluble Organic Carbon

Insights into the Origin of Water Soluble Organic Carbon in Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1099-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Snyder ◽  
Andrew P. Rutter ◽  
Ryan Collins ◽  
Chris Worley ◽  
James J. Schauer
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Water Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Soluble Organic Carbon

scholarly journals Measurements of Oxidative Potential of Particulate Matter at Belgrade Tunnel; Comparison of BPEAnit, DTT and DCFH Assays

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 4906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja V. Jovanovic ◽  
Jasmina Z. Savic ◽  
Farhad Salimi ◽  
Svetlana Stevanovic ◽  
Reece A. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Molecular Probes ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Water Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

To estimate the oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter (PM), two commonly used cell-free, molecular probes were applied: dithiothreitol (DTT) and dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), and their performance was compared with 9,10-bis (phenylethynyl) anthracene-nitroxide (BPEAnit). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in which the performance of the DTT and DCFH has been compared with the BPEAnit probe. The average concentrations of PM, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) for fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10) particles were determined. The results were 44.8 ± 13.7, 9.8 ± 5.1 and 9.3 ± 4.8 µg·m−3 for PM2.5 and 75.5 ± 25.1, 16.3 ± 8.7 and 11.8 ± 5.3 µg·m−3 for PM10, respectively, for PM, OC and EC. The water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) fraction accounted for 42 ± 14% and 28 ± 9% of organic carbon in PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. The average volume normalized OP values for the three assays depended on both the sampling periods and the PM fractions. The OPBPEAnit had its peak at 2 p.m.; in the afternoon, it was three times higher compared to the morning and late afternoon values. The DCFH and BPEAnit results were correlated (r = 0.64), while there was no good agreement between the BPEAnit and the DTT (r = 0.14). The total organic content of PM does not necessarily represent oxidative capacity and it shows varying correlation with the OP. With respect to the two PM fractions studied, the OP was mostly associated with smaller particles.

scholarly journals A method for on-line measurement of water-soluble organic carbon in ambient aerosol particles: Results from an urban site

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (13) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Sullivan ◽  
R. J. Weber ◽  
A. L. Clements ◽  
J. R. Turner ◽  
M. S. Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Ambient Aerosol ◽  
Line Measurement ◽  
Water Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
On Line

scholarly journals Effects of Water-soluble Organic Carbon on Aerosol pH

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Battaglia Jr. ◽  
Rodney J. Weber ◽  
Athanasios Nenes ◽  
Christopher J. Hennigan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Organic Species ◽  
Aerosol Acidity ◽  
Activity Coefficient Model ◽  
Water Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Beijing China

Abstract. Water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) is a ubiquitous and significant fraction of fine particulate matter. Despite advances in aerosol thermodynamic equilibrium models, there is limited understanding on the comprehensive impacts of WSOC on aerosol acidity (pH). We address this limitation by studying submicron aerosol that represent the two extremes in acidity levels found in the atmosphere: strongly acidic aerosol from Baltimore, MD, and weakly acidic conditions characteristic of Beijing, China. These cases are then used to construct mixed inorganic/organic single-phase aqueous particles, and thermodynamically analyzed by the E-AIM and ISORROPIA models (in combination with activity coefficient model AIOMFAC) to evaluate the effects of WSOC on the H+ ion activity coefficients (γH+) and activity (pH). We find that addition of organic acids and non-acid organic species concurrently increases γH+ and aerosol liquid water. When allowed to modulate pH, these effects mostly offset each other, giving pH changes of

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of fine particulate matter in Changzhou, China, and source apportionment with offline aerosol mass spectrometry

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 2573-2592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaolian Ye ◽  
Jiashu Liu ◽  
Aijun Gu ◽  
Feifei Feng ◽  
Yuhai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Fine Particulate

Abstract. Knowledge of aerosol chemistry in densely populated regions is critical for effective reduction of air pollution, while such studies have not been conducted in Changzhou, an important manufacturing base and populated city in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China. This work, for the first time, performed a thorough chemical characterization on the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples, collected during July 2015 to April 2016 across four seasons in this city. A suite of analytical techniques was employed to measure the organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs), trace elements, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5; in particular, an Aerodyne soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was deployed to probe the chemical properties of water-soluble organic aerosol (WSOA). The average PM2.5 concentration was found to be 108.3 µg m−3, and all identified species were able to reconstruct ∼ 80 % of the PM2.5 mass. The WSIIs occupied about half of the PM2.5 mass (∼ 52.1 %), with SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+ as the major ions. On average, nitrate concentrations dominated over sulfate (mass ratio of 1.21), indicating that traffic emissions were more important than stationary sources. OC and EC correlated well with each other and the highest OC ∕ EC ratio (5.16) occurred in winter, suggesting complex OC sources likely including both secondary and primary ones. Concentrations of eight trace elements (Mn, Zn, Al, B, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb) can contribute up to ∼ 5.0 % of PM2.5 during winter. PAH concentrations were also high in winter (140.25 ng m−3), which were predominated by median/high molecular weight PAHs with five and six rings. The organic matter including both water-soluble and water-insoluble species occupied ∼ 21.5 % of the PM2.5 mass. SP-AMS determined that the WSOA had average atomic oxygen-to-carbon (O ∕ C), hydrogen-to-carbon (H ∕ C), nitrogen-to-carbon (N ∕ C), and organic matter-to-organic carbon (OM ∕ OC) ratios of 0.54, 1.69, 0.11, and 1.99, respectively. Source apportionment of WSOA further identified two secondary OA (SOA) factors (a less oxidized and a more oxidized oxygenated OA) and two primary OA (POA) factors (a nitrogen-enriched hydrocarbon-like traffic OA and a local primary OA likely including species from cooking, coal combustion, etc.). On average, the POA contribution outweighed SOA (55 % vs. 45 %), indicating the important role of local anthropogenic emissions in the aerosol pollution in Changzhou. Our measurement also shows the abundance of organic nitrogen species in WSOA, and the source analyses suggest these species are likely associated with traffic emissions, which warrants more investigations on PM samples from other locations.

scholarly journals Molecular Speciation of Size Fractionated Particulate Water-Soluble Organic Carbon by Two-Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1334
Author(s):  
Marie-Cecile Chalbot ◽  
Salma Siddiqui ◽  
Ilias G. Kavouras
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Water Soluble Organic Carbon ◽  
Soluble Organic Carbon

Particulate matter is associated with increased morbidity and mortality; its effects depend on particle size and chemical content. It is important to understand the composition and resultant toxicological profile of particulate organic compounds, the largest and most complex fraction of particulate matter. The objective of the study was to delineate the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral fingerprint of the biologically relevant water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) fraction of size fractionated urban aerosol. A combination of one and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy methods was used. The size distribution of particle mass, water-soluble extract, non-exchangeable organic hydrogen functional types and specific biomarkers such as levoglucosan, methane sulfonate, ammonium and saccharides indicated the contribution of fresh and aged wood burning emissions, anthropogenic and biogenic secondary aerosol for fine particles as well as primary traffic exhausts and pollen for large particles. Humic-like macromolecules in the fine particle size range included branched carbon structures containing aromatic, olefinic, keto and nitrile groups and terminal carboxylic and hydroxyl groups such as terpenoid-like polycarboxylic acids and polyols. Our study show that 2D-NMR spectroscopy can be applied to study the chemical composition of size fractionated aerosols.

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