Self-assembled 3D urchin-like Ti0.8Sn0.2O2–rGO was fabricated by a one-step hydrothermal process as an anode material for high-rate and long cycle life LIBs.
Via a vapour–solid reaction growth pathway, phase-segregated SnO2 nanorods were developed in a matrix of CaCl2 salt by reacting CaO particles with a flowing mixture of SnCl4 and Ar gases at elevated temperatures. A half-cell constructed from the as-fabricated SnO2 electrode and a Li foil exhibited a reversible capacity of 435 mA h g−1 after one hundred cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1.
One-step heat treatment to process semi-coke powders as an anode material with superior rate performance for Li-ion batteries