scholarly journals Disruptive photon technologies for chemical dynamics

2014 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 525-543
Author(s):  
Henry N. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Chemical Dynamics ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
Diffractive Imaging ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Picosecond Pulses ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Observational Science ◽  
Atomic Time

A perspective of new and emerging technologies for chemical dynamics is given, with an emphasis on the use of X-ray sources that generate sub-picosecond pulses. The two classes of experimental techniques used for time-resolved measurements of chemical processes and their effects are spectroscopy and imaging, where the latter includes microscopy, diffractive imaging, and crystallography. X-Ray free-electron lasers have brought new impetus to the field, allowing not only temporal and spatial resolution at atomic time and length scales, but also bringing a new way to overcome limitations due to perturbation of the sample by the X-ray probe by out-running radiation damage. Associated instrumentation and methods are being developed to take advantage of the new opportunities of these sources. Once these methods of observational science have been mastered it should be possible to use the new tools to directly control those chemical processes.

scholarly journals Toward unsupervised single-shot diffractive imaging of heterogeneous particles using X-ray free-electron lasers

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 28729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung Joo Park ◽  
N. Duane Loh ◽  
Raymond G. Sierra ◽  
Christina Y. Hampton ◽  
Dmitri Starodub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Electron ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
Diffractive Imaging ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Time-Resolved Macromolecular Crystallography at Pulsed X-ray Sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Structural Biology ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Reaction Dynamics ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
Macromolecular Crystallography ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Methodological Aspects

The focus of structural biology is shifting from the determination of static structures to the investigation of dynamical aspects of macromolecular function. With time-resolved macromolecular crystallography (TRX), intermediates that form and decay during the macromolecular reaction can be investigated, as well as their reaction dynamics. Time-resolved crystallographic methods were initially developed at synchrotrons. However, about a decade ago, extremely brilliant, femtosecond-pulsed X-ray sources, the free electron lasers for hard X-rays, became available to a wider community. TRX is now possible with femtosecond temporal resolution. This review provides an overview of methodological aspects of TRX, and at the same time, aims to outline the frontiers of this method at modern pulsed X-ray sources.

scholarly journals Cryo-coherent diffractive imaging of biological samples with X-ray free-electron lasers

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-178
Author(s):  
Huaidong Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
Diffractive Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coherent Diffractive Imaging ◽  
Recent Developments

Recent developments in the imaging of biological samples using the X-ray free-electron laser at the SACLA facility are highlighted.

scholarly journals Toward atomic resolution diffractive imaging of isolated molecules with X-ray free-electron lasers

2014 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 393-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Stern ◽  
L. Holmegaard ◽  
F. Filsinger ◽  
A. Rouzée ◽  
A. Rudenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Electron ◽  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
Diffractive Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Isolated Molecules

scholarly journals Single-Shot X-Ray Coherent Diffractive Imaging of Superfluid He Nanodroplets

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C289-C289
Author(s):  
Oliver Gessner ◽  
Christoph Bostedt ◽  
Andrey Vilesov
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Diffractive Imaging ◽  
Helium Droplets ◽  
Helium Nanodroplets ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coherent Diffractive Imaging ◽  
Quantum Phenomena

Single-shot coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) experiments were performed on pure and doped helium nanodroplets using femtosecond X-ray pulses from the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). The superfluid nature of helium droplets presents a rare opportunity to study the onset of macroscopic quantum phenomena in finite, sub-micron scale systems. Despite the small X-ray scattering cross sections of atomic helium, high-quality single-shot CDI data were obtained that give direct access to sizes and shapes of individual nanodroplets. The diffraction patterns from helium droplets doped with xenon atoms differ starkly from the patterns from pure droplets. Strong indications for the formation of complex xenon structures inside the superfluid helium environment are observed, giving access to information about the structure and aggregation dynamics of the dopant species. The results are discussed with respect to the hydrodynamic properties of the superfluid droplets and compared to those of classical drops. An outlook on femtosecond time-resolved CDI experiments to study dynamics in pure and Xe-doped He nanodroplets will be given based on a new undulator-based X-ray pump/X-ray probe technique that is currently under development at LCLS.

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