Native cardiac environment and its impact on engineering cardiac tissue

In this review, we describe the progressive build-up of the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) during embryonic development, the ECM of the adult human heart and the application of natural and synthetic biomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering using hPSC-CMs.

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Recapitulating Cardiac Structure and Function In Vitro from Simple to Complex Engineering

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi12040386 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 386

Author(s):

Ana Santos ◽

Yongjun Jang ◽

Inwoo Son ◽

Jongseong Kim ◽

Yongdoo Park

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Computational Modeling ◽

Cardiac Tissue ◽

Cardiac Development ◽

Heart Tissue ◽

Cardiac Tissue Engineering ◽

Cardiac Cells

Cardiac tissue engineering aims to generate in vivo-like functional tissue for the study of cardiac development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Since the heart is composed of various types of cells and extracellular matrix with a specific microenvironment, the fabrication of cardiac tissue in vitro requires integrating technologies of cardiac cells, biomaterials, fabrication, and computational modeling to model the complexity of heart tissue. Here, we review the recent progress of engineering techniques from simple to complex for fabricating matured cardiac tissue in vitro. Advancements in cardiomyocytes, extracellular matrix, geometry, and computational modeling will be discussed based on a technology perspective and their use for preparation of functional cardiac tissue. Since the heart is a very complex system at multiscale levels, an understanding of each technique and their interactions would be highly beneficial to the development of a fully functional heart in cardiac tissue engineering.

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Cardiac Tissue Engineering: From Repairing to Modeling the Human Heart

Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences ◽

10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.65543-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sharon Fleischer ◽

Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Human Heart ◽

Cardiac Tissue ◽

Cardiac Tissue Engineering

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Vascularisation for cardiac tissue engineering: the extracellular matrix

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1160/th14-05-0480 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 113 (03) ◽

pp. 532-547 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Chinmoy Patra ◽

Aldo Boccaccini ◽

Felix Engel

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Cardiac Tissue ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Cardiac Tissue Engineering ◽

Promising Candidate ◽

Realistic Option ◽

Extracellular Matrix Molecules ◽

Heart Muscle Cells

SummaryCardiovascular diseases present a major socio-economic burden. One major problem underlying most cardiovascular and congenital heart diseases is the irreversible loss of contractile heart muscle cells, the cardiomyocytes. To reverse damage incurred by myocardial infarction or by surgical correction of cardiac malformations, the loss of cardiac tissue with a thickness of a few millimetres needs to be compensated. A promising approach to this issue is cardiac tissue engineering. In this review we focus on the problem of in vitro vascularisation as implantation of cardiac patches consisting of more than three layers of cardiomyocytes (> 100 μm thick) already results in necrosis. We explain the need for vascularisation and elaborate on the importance to include non-myocytes in order to generate functional vascularised cardiac tissue. We discuss the potential of extracellular matrix molecules in promoting vascularisation and introduce nephronectin as an example of a new promising candidate. Finally, we discuss current biomaterial- based approaches including micropatterning, electrospinning, 3D micro-manufacturing technology and porogens. Collectively, the current literature supports the notion that cardiac tissue engineering is a realistic option for future treatment of paediatric and adult patients with cardiac disease.

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Reinforcement of a decellularized extracellular matrix-derived hydrogel using nanofibers for cardiac tissue engineering

International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research ◽

10.33945/sami/ijabbr.2020.3.8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 302-313

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Cardiac Tissue ◽

Cardiac Tissue Engineering ◽

Decellularized Extracellular Matrix

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Cardiac Fibroblast-Derived Extracellular Matrix (Biomatrix) as a Model for the Studies of Cardiac Primitive Cell Biological Properties in Normal and Pathological Adult Human Heart

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/352370 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Clotilde Castaldo ◽

Franca Di Meglio ◽

Rita Miraglia ◽

Anna Maria Sacco ◽

Veronica Romano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Human Heart ◽

Cardiac Tissue ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Cardiac Fibroblast ◽

Primitive Cell ◽

Matricellular Proteins ◽

Adult Human ◽

Pathological Conditions

Cardiac tissue regeneration is guided by stem cells and their microenvironment. It has been recently described that both cardiac stem/primitive cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) change in pathological conditions. This study describes the method for the production of ECM typical of adult human heart in the normal and pathological conditions (ischemic heart disease) and highlights the potential use of cardiac fibroblast-derived ECM forin vitrostudies of the interactions between ECM components and cardiac primitive cells responsible for tissue regeneration. Fibroblasts isolated from adult human normal and pathological heart with ischemic cardiomyopathy were cultured to obtain extracellular matrix (biomatrix), composed of typical extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen and fibronectin, and matricellular proteins, laminin, and tenascin. After decellularization, this substrate was used to assess biological properties of cardiac primitive cells: proliferation and migration were stimulated by biomatrix from normal heart, while both types of biomatrix protected cardiac primitive cells from apoptosis. Our model can be used for studies of cell-matrix interactions and help to determine the biochemical cues that regulate cardiac primitive cell biological properties and guide cardiac tissue regeneration.

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